Abstract
Medical and mental health professionals involved in therapeutic donor insemination (TDI) have a multitude of happy stories—baby pictures, telephone calls from ecstatic parents, repeat performances. For many couples TDI is an excellent method of family building. Over the last few years, however, many of us have become increasingly concerned with our lack of substantive knowledge about possible longterm psychologic effects of gamete donation, and the consequent inadequacy of our informed consent process. Most practitioners are very good at detailing the physical risks of TDI, and can talk at great length about potential infection, the risk of congenital anomalies, and the controversy of using fresh vs. frozen sperm. We acknowledge with our patients the probable benefits of couples experiencing pregnancy together and avoiding the costs and stresses of adoption. What is less certain is the degree to which we carefully and knowledgeably prepare couples to make intelligent decisions about possible psychological risks associated with TDI. What do we really know about the potential emotional or social consequences of sperm or ovum donation for individuals who choose these therapies, for their marriages and extended family units, or for the lives and self-perceptions of their donor offspring?
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Reuben B. The psychological aspects of human artificial insemination. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1965; 13: 121.
Richardson JW. The role of a psychiatric consultant to an artificial insemination by donor program. Psychiatr Ann 1987; 17: 101.
Office of Technology Assessment. Artificial Insemination Practice in the U.S. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1988.
Rosenkvist H. Donor insemination: A prospective socio-psychiatric investigation of 48 couples. Dan Med Bull 1981; 28: 133.
Bendvold E, Skjaeraasen J, Moe N, Sjoberg D, Kravdal O. Marital break-up among couples raising families by artificial insemination by donor. Fertil Steril 1989; 51: 980.
Henahan J. Artificial insemination has few untoward effects. JAMA 1983; 250: 1256.
Iizuka R, Sawada Y, Nishina N, Ohi M. The physical and mental development of children born following artificial insemination. 1968; Int J Fertil 13: 24.
Czyba JC, Chevret M. Psychological reactions of couples to artificial insemination with donor sperm. Int J Fertil 1979; 24: 240.
David A, Avidan D. Artificial insemination donor: Clinical and psychological aspects. Fertil Steril 1976; 27: 528.
Berger DM. Couples’ reactions to male infertility and donor insemination. Am J Psychiatry 1980; 137: 1047.
Berger DM. Psychological aspects of donor insemination. J Psychiatry Med 1982; 12: 49.
Berger DM, Eisen A, Shuber J, Doody KF. Psychological patterns in donor insemination couples. Can J Psychiatry 1986; 31: 818.
Back KW, Snowden R. The anonymity of the gamete donor. J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol 1988; 9: 191.
Lovesett J. Artificial insemination: The attitude of patients in Norway. Fertil Steril 1981; 42: 415.
Manuel C, Cyzba JC. Aspects psychologique de l’insemination artificielle. Lyon: Symep, 1983.
Rubin B. Psychiatric aspects of human artificial insemination. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1965; 13: 121.
Walker A, Gergson S, McLaughlin E. Attitudes toward donor insemination—a post-Warnock survey. Hum Reprod 1987; 2: 745.
Chevret M. Le vecu de l’insemination artificielle. These de Medecine, Lyon, 1977.
Daniels KR. Artificial insemination using donor semen and the issue of secrecy: The views of donors and recipient couples. Soc Sci Med 1988; 27: 377.
Reading AE, Sledmere CM, Cox DN. A survey of patient attitudes towards artificial insemination by donor. J Psychosom Res 1982; 26: 429.
Rowland R. The social and psychological consequences of secrecy in artificial insemination by donor programmes. Soc Sci Med 1985; 21: 391.
David D, Soule M, Mayaux MJ, Guilmard- Moscato ML, Czglik F, et al. Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod 1988; 17: 5.
Novaes SB. Social integration of technical innovation: Sperm banking and AID in France and the United States. Soc Sci Inform 1985; 24: 569.
Farris EJ, Garrison M. Emotional aspects of successful donor insemination. Obstet Gynecol 1954; 3: 19.
Milsom I, Bergman P. A study of parental attitudes after donor insemination (AID). Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1982; 61: 125.
Penochet JC, Moran P, Jarrige A. Psychiatric complications linked to AID. Ann Med Psychol 1979; 137: 635.
Sophocles. King Oedipus. Trans. Watling EF. London: Penguin, 1947.
Clamar A. Psychological implications of donor insemination. Am J Psychoanal 1980; 40: 173.
Sants HJ. Genealogical bewilderment in children with substitute parents. Br J Med Psychol 1964; 37: 133.
Sokoloff BZ. Alternative methods of reproduction: Effects on the child. Clin Pediatr 1986; 26: 11.
Daniels KR. The new birth technologies: A social work approach to researching psychosomatic factors. Soc Work Health Care 1986; 11: 49.
Sorosky AD, et al. Adoption and the adolescent: An overview. Adolescent Psychiatry, Vol V. New York: Aronson, 1977.
Nijs P, Rouffa L. A.I.D. couples: Psychological and psychopathological evaluation. Andrologia 1975; 7: 188.
Baran A, Pannor R. Lethal Secrets. New York: Warner, 1989.
Snowden R, Snowden E. The Gift of a Child. Boston: Allen amp Unwin, 1984.
Noble E. Having Your Baby by Donor Insemination. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1987.
Peck, S. The Road Less Traveled. New York: Simon amp Schuster, 1978.
Amuzu B, Laxova R, Shapiro S. Pregnancy outcome, health of children, and family adjustment after donor insemination. Obstet Gynecol 1990; 75: 899.
Waltzer H. Psychological and legal aspects of artificial insemination (A.I.D.): An overview. Am J Psychother 1982; 36: 91.
Levie LH. An inquiry into the psychological effects on parents of artificial insemination with donor semen. Eugenics Rev 1967; 59: 97.
Gerstel G. A psychoanalytical view of donor insemination. Am J Psychother 1963; 17: 64.
Lamson HD, Pinard WJ, Meaker SE. Sociologic and psychologic aspects of insemination with donor semen. JAMA 1951; 145: 1062.
Delaisi de Parseval G, Hurstel F. Paternity a la francoise. In: Lamb ME, ed. The Father’s Role: Cross-cultural perpectives. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1987.
Bok S. Lying to children: The risks of paternalism. Hastings Center Rep 1978; 8: 10.
Snowden R, Mitchell GD. The Artificial Family. London: Allen amp Unwin, 1985.
Haman JO. Therapeutic donor insemination: A review of 440 cases. Calif Med 1959; 90: 130.
Jackson MH. Artificial insemination (donor). Eugenics Rev 1957; 48: 203.
Clayton CE, Kovaks GT. AID offspring: Initial follow-up study of 50 couples. Med J Austr 1982; 171: 338.
Kremer J, Frijling BW, Nass JLM. Psychosocial aspects of parenthood by artificial insemination donor. Lancet 1984; 1: 628.
Kovacs GT, Clayton CE, McGowan PE. The attitudes of semen donors. Clin Reprod Fertil 1983; 2: 73.
Handelsman DJ, Dunn SM, Conway AJ, Boylan LM, Jansen RPS. Psychological and attitudinal profiles in donors for artificial insemination. Fertil Steril 1985; 43: 95.
Mahlstedt P, Probasco K. Sperm donors: Their attitudes toward providing medical and personal information for donor offspring. Presented at the American Fertility Society Annual Conference, Washington DC, 1990.
Templeton AA, Glasier A, Angell RR, Aitken RJ. What potential ovum donors think. Lancet 1984; 1: 1081.
Sauer MV, Rodi IA, Scrooc M, Bustillo M, Buster J. Survey of attitudes regarding the use of siblings for gamete donation. Fertil Steril 1988; 49: 721.
House RM, Thompson TL. Psychiatric aspects of organ transplantation. JAMA 1988; 260: 535.
Morris P, St. George B, Waring T, Nanra R. Psychosocial complications in living related kidney donors: An Australian experience. Transpl Proc 1987; 19: 2840.
Sharma VK, Enoch MD. Psychological sequelae of kidney donation: A 5-10 year follow up study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1987; 75: 264.
Steele CI, Altholz JAS. Donor ambivalence: A key issue in families of children with end-stage renal disease. Soc Work Health Care 1988; 13: 47.
Leeton J, Harman J. The donation of oocytes to known recipients. Aust NZ Obstet Gynecol 1987; 27: 248.
Mahlstedt PP, Greenfeld DA. Assisted reproductive technology with donor gametes: The need for patient preparation. Fertil Steril 1989; 52: 908.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1993 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bernstein, J. (1993). The Long-Term Psychologic and Social Effects of Gamete Donation. In: Seibel, M.M., Bernstein, J. (eds) Technology and Infertility. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9205-7_32
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9205-7_32
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-9207-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-9205-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive