Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

  • Chapter
Malignant Tumors of the Thyroid

  • 47 Accesses

Abstract

Thyroid cancer is the most common form of endocrine malignancy; papillary cancer accounts for more than 50% of all thyroid carcinoma. Despite over fifty years of research on papillary carcinoma and hundreds of published articles, many questions remain unanswered.1 In particular, the actual mortality rate from papillary cancer and the optimal therapeutic approach remain unknown. Furthermore, although prognostic indicators at diagnosis are known and predictive models have been formulated, the constellation of signs and symptoms yielding the best and worst prognosis needs further refinement. Confusion in the literature is caused by the following problems: (1) the lack of prospective studies comparing various treatment regimens or predictive models, (2) inconsistencies in the literature in regard to the pathologic definition of papillary cancer, (3) the failure of many articles to evaluate papillary cancer separately from follicular cancer, and (4) the need for a 20- to 30-year follow-up—papillary carcinoma is often deadly decades after initial diagnosis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Mazzaferri EL. Controversies in the management of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Endocrine Society. 42nd Annual Postgraduate Assembly 1990. Bethesda, MD.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Oertel JE, LiVolsi VA. Pathology of thyroid diseases. In: Ingbar SH, Braverman LE, eds. Werner’s—The Thyroid: A fundamental and clinical text. 5th ed. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1986: 667–672.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Meissner WA, Adler A. Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid: A study of the pathology of two hundred twenty-six cases. Arch Pathol 1958; 66: 518–525.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. LiVolsi VA. Papillary lesions of the thyroid. In: Bennington JL, ed. Surgical pathology of the thyroid. Vol 22. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company, 1990: 136–172.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Woolner LB. Thyroid carcinoma: Pathologic classification with data on prognosis. Seminars in Nuclear Medicine 1971; 1: 481–502.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Woolner LB, Beahrs OH, Black BM, McConahey WM, Keating FR. Classification and prognosis of thyroid carcinoma: A study of 885 cases observed in a thirty year period. Am J Surg 1961; 102: 354–387.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Carcangiu ML, Zampi G, Rosai J. Papillary thyroid carcinoma: A study of its many morphologic expressions and clinical correlates. Pathol Annu 1985; 20: 1–44.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Gray A, Doniach I. Morphology of the nuclei of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Br J Cancer 1969; 23: 49–51.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Hawk WA, Hazard JB. The many appearances of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Cleveland Clinic Quarterly 1976; 43: 207–216.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Chan JKC, Saw D. The grooved nucleus: A useful diagnostic criterion of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Am J Surg Pathol 1986; 10: 672–679.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Albores-Saavedra J, Altamirano-Dimas M, Alcorta-Anguizola B, Smith M. Fine structure of human papillary thyroid carcinoma. Cancer 1971; 28: 763–774.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Hapke MR, Dehner LP. The optically clear nucleus: A reliable sign of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid? Am J Surg Pathol 1979; 3: 31–38.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Shurbaji MS, Gupta PK, Frost JK. Nuclear grooves: A useful criterion in the cytopathologic diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Diagnostic Cytopathology 1988; 4: 91–94.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Klinek, GH, Winship T. Psammona bodies and thyroid cancer. Cancer 1959; 12: 656–662.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Crile G, Hazard JB. Relationship of the age of the patient to the natural history and prognosis of carcinoma of the thyroid. Ann Surg 1953; 138: 33–38.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Franssila KO. Is the differentiation between papillary and follicular carcinoma valid? Cancer 1973; 32: 853–864.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Frazell EL, Foote FW. Papillary cancer of the thyroid: A review of 25 years of experience. Cancer 1958; 11: 895–922.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Underwood CR, Ackerman LV, Kckert C. Papillary Carcinoma of the thyroid: An evaluation of surgical therapy. Surgery 1958; 43: 610–621.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Beahrs OH, Woolner LB. The treatment of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1959; 108: 43–48.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Hirabayashi RN, Lindsay S. Carcinoma of the thyroid gland: A statistical study of 390 patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1961; 21: 1596–1610.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Tollefsen HR, DeCosse JJ. Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid: Recurrence in the thyroid gland after initial surgical treatment. Am J Surg 1963; 106: 728–734.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Noguchi S, Noguchi A, Murakami N. Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid: Developing patterns of metastases. Cancer 1970; 26: 1053–1060.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Crile G. Changing end results in patients with papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1971; 132: 460–468.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Beaugie JM, Brown CL, Doniach I, Richardson JE. Primary malignant tumours of the thyroid: The relationship between histological classification and clinical behaviour. Br J Surg 1976; 63: 173–181.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Mazzaferri EL, Young RL. Papillary thyroid carcinoma: A 10 year follow-up report of the impact of therapy in 576 patients. Am J Med 1981; 70; 511–517.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Samaan NA, Maheshwari YK, Nader S, et al. Impact of therapy for differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid: An analysis of 706 cases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1983; 56: 1131–1138.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Rossi RL, Nieroda C, Cady B, Wool MS. Malignancies of the thyroid gland: the Lahey Clinic experience. Surg Clin North Am 1985; 65: 211–230.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Carcangiu ML, Zampi G, Pupi A, Castgnoli A, Rosai J. Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid: A clinicopathologic study of 241 cases treated at the University ofFlorence, Italy. Cancer 1985; 55: 805–828.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. McConahey WM, Hay ID, Woolner LB, Van Heerden JA, Taylor WF. Papillary thyroid cancer treated at the Mayo Clinic, 1946 through 1970: Initial Manifestations, pathologic findings, therapy, and outcome. Mayo Clin Proc 1986; 61: 978–996.

    Google Scholar 

  30. DeGroot LJ, Kaplan EL, McCormick M, Straus FH. Natural history, treatment, and course of papillary thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990; 71: 414–424.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Black BM, Kirk TA, Woolner LB. Multicentricity of papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid: Influence on treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1960; 20: 130–135.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Tollefsen HR, DeCosse JJ, Hutter RVP. Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid: A clinical and pathological study of 70 fatal cases. Cancer 1964; 17: 1035–1044.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Smith SA, Hay ID, Goellner JR, Ryan JJ, McConahey WM. Mortality from papillary thyroid carcinoma. A case-control study of 56 lethal cases. Cancer 1988; 62: 1381–1388.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Frantz VK, Forsythe R, Hanford JM, Rogers WM. Lateral Aberrant thyroids. Ann Surg 1942; 115: 161–183.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Wozencraft P, Foote FW, Frazell EL. Occult carcinoma of the thyroid: Their bearing on the concept of lateral aberrant thyroid cancer. Cancer 1948; 1: 574–583.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Hazard JB. Small papillary carcinoma of the thyroid: A study with special reference to so-called nonencapsulated sclerosing tumor. Laboratory Investigation 1960; 9: 86–97.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Sampson RJ, Key CR, Buncher CR, Iijima S. Thyroid carcinoma in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Prevalence of thyroid carcinoma at autopsy. JAMA 1969; 209: 65–70.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Sampson RJ, Key CR, Buncher CR, Oka H, Iijima S. Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland: Sizes of 525 tumors found at autopsy in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Cancer 1970; 25: 1391–1393.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Sampson RJ, Oka H, Key CR, Buncher CR, Iijima S. Metastases from occult thyroid carcinoma: An autopsy study from Hiroshima and Nagasaki Japan. Cancer 1970; 25: 803–811.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Sampson RJ, Woolner LB, Bahn RC, Kurland LT. Occult thyroid carcinoma in Olmstead County Minnesota: Prevalence at autopsy compared with that in Hiroshima and Nagasaki Japan. Cancer 1974;34:2072–2076.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Fukunaga FH, Yatani R. Geographic pathology of occult thyroid carcinomas. Cancer 1975; 36: 1095–1099.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Sobrinho-Simoes MA, Sambade MC, Goncalves V. Latent thyroid carcinoma at autopsy: A study from Oporto, Portugal. Cancer 1979; 43: 1702–1706.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Hubert JP, Kiernan PD, Beahrs OH, McConahey WM, Woolner LB. Occult papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Arch Surg 1980; 115: 394–398.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Bondeson L, Ljungberg O. Occult thyroid carcinoma at autopsy in Malmo, Sweden. Cancer 1981 ;47:319– 323.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Schroder S, Pfannschmidt N, Bocker W, Muller HW, deHeer K. Histopathologic types and clinical behavior of occult papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Path Res Pract 1984; 179: 81–87.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Sampson RJ, Key CR, Buncher CR, Iijima S. Smallest forms of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Arch Path 1971; 91: 334–339.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Silliphant WM, Klinek GH, Levitin MS. Thyroid carcinoma and death: A clinicopathological study of 193 autopsies. Cancer 1964; 17: 513–525.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Woolner LB, Lemmon ML, Beahrs OH, Black BM, Keating FR. Occult papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland: A study of 140 cases observed in a 30 year period. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1960; 20: 89–105.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Johannessen JV, Sobrinho-Simoes M, Lindmo T, Tangen KO, Kaalhus O, Brennhovd IO. Anomalous papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Cancer 1983; 51: 1462–1467.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Joensuu H, Kleimi P, Eerola E, Tuominen J. Influence of cellular DNA content on survival in differentiated thyroid cancer. Cancer 1986; 58: 2462–2467.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Cohn K, Backdahl M, Forsslund G et al. Prognostic value of nuclear DNA content in papillary thyroid carcinoma. World J Surg 1984; 8: 474–480.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Bachdahl M, Carstensen J, Aver G, Tallroth E. Statistical evaluation of the prognostic value of nuclear DNA content in papillary, follicular, and medullary thyroid tumors. World J. Surg 1986; 10: 974–980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Ekman ET, Backdahl M, Lowhagen T, Auer G. Nuclear DNA measurements on thyroid carcinoma in young patients. Acta Oncologica 1989; 28: 475–479.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Schelfhout L, Cornelisse CJ, Goslings BM et al. Frequency and duration of aneuploidy in benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms. Int J Cancer 1990; 45: 16–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Hay ID. Papillary thyroid carcinoma. In: Kaplan MM, ed. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America: Thyroid Carcinoma. Vol. 19. W.B. Saunders 1990: 545–576.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Byar DP, Green SB, Dor P. A prognostic index for thyroid carcinoma. A study of the E.O.R.T.C. thyroid cancer cooperative group. Eur J Cancer 1979; 15: 1033–1041.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Hay ID, Grant CS, Taylor WF, McConahey WM. Ipsilateral lobectomy versus bilateral lobar resection in papillary thyroid carcinoma: A retrospective analysis of surgical outcome using a novel prognostic scoring system. Surgery 1987; 102: 1088–1095.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Cady B, Rossi R. An expanded view of risk group definition in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Surgery 1988; 104: 947–953.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Hannequin P, Liehn JC, Delisle MJ. Multifactorial analysis of survival in thyroid cancer: Pitfalls of applying the results of published studies to another population. Cancer 1986; 58: 1749–1755.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Kerr DJ, Burt AD, Boyle P, MacFarlane GJ, Storer AM, Brewin TB. Prognostic factors in thyroid tumors. Br J Cancer 1986; 54: 475–482.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Tennvall J, Biorklund A, Moller T, Ranstam J, Akerman M. Is the EORTC prognostic index of thyroid cancer valid in differentiated thyroid carcinoma? Retrospective multivariate analysis of differentiated thyroid carcinoma with long follow-up. Cancer 1986; 57: 1405–1414.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Crile G. The endocrine dependency of certain thyroid cancers and the danger that hypothyroidism may stimulate their growth. Cancer 1957; 10: 1119–1137.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Crile G, McNamara JM, Hazard JB. Results of treatment of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Surgery, Gynecology, and Obstetrics 1959; 109: 315–320.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Crile G. Endocrine dependency of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. JAMA 1966; 195: 101–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Crile G. Changing and results in patients with papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1971; 132: 460–468.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Cady B, Cohn K, Rossi RL, et al. The effects of thyroid hormone administration upon survival in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Surgery 1983; 94: 978–983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Alex Stagnaro-Green
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Endocrinology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

    Rhoda H. Cobin M.D. (Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine and Endocrinology, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine; Associate Attending Physician, Mt. Sinai Hospital) & David King Sirota M.D. (Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine and Endocrinology, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine; Associate Attending Physician, Mt. Sinai Hospital; Attending Endocrinologist, Jewish Home and Hospital for Aged) (Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine and Endocrinology, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine; Associate Attending Physician, Mt. Sinai Hospital) &  (Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine and Endocrinology, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine; Associate Attending Physician, Mt. Sinai Hospital; Attending Endocrinologist, Jewish Home and Hospital for Aged)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1992 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Stagnaro-Green, A. (1992). Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. In: Cobin, R.H., Sirota, D.K. (eds) Malignant Tumors of the Thyroid. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9127-2_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9127-2_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-9129-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-9127-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation