Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Developmental Coxa Vara

  • Chapter
Congenital Lower Limb Deficiencies

  • 201 Accesses

Abstract

Developmental coxa vara is a distinct disease process of the proximal femur occurring in the perinatal period of life and involving the inferior portion of the capital femoral physis and adjacent metaphysis. During growth, a decreased neck-shaft angle usually results and subsequent degenerative dysfunction of the hip joint may occur. The behavior of this disease process is unlike other forms of coxa vara because of the nature of its distinctive osteocartilaginous femoral neck defect. Despite its infrequent occurrence, clinical characteristics, natural history, and treatment have been well defined. Treatment for developmental coxa vara has improved but the etiology and successful reliable resolution by treatment of the osteocartilaginous defect remain unsolved.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Almond HG: Familial infantile coxa vara. J Bone Joint Surg 38B: 539–544, 1956.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Amstutz HC: Developmental (infantile) coxa vara—a distinct entity. Report of two patients with previously normal roentgenograms. Clin Orthop 72: 242–247, 1970.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Amstutz HC, Freiberger RH: Coxa vara in children. Clin Orthop 22: 73–92, 1962.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Amstutz HC, Wilson PD: Dysgenesis of the proximal femur (coxa vara) and its surgical management. J Bone Joint Surg 44A:l–24, 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Barr JS: Congenital coxa vara. Arch Surg 18: 1909–1919, 1929.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Bell M: Surgical management of coxa vara. Orthop Trans 3: 344, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Calhoun JD, Pierret G: Infantile coxa vara. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 115: 561–568, 1972.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Chung SMK, Riser WH: The histological characteristics of congenital coxa vara: A case report of a five year old boy. Clin Orthop 132: 71–81, 1978.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Compere EL, Garrison M, Fahey JJ: Deformities of the femur resulting from arrestment of growth of the capital and greater trochanteric epiphyses. J Bone Joint Surg 22: 909–915, 1940.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Duncan GA: Congenital coxa vara occurring in identical twins. Am J Surg 37: 112, 1937.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Duncan GA: Congenital and developmental coxa vara. Surgery 3: 741–765, 1938.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Elmslie RC: Injury and deformity of the epiphysis of the head of the femur: Coxa vara. Lancet 1: 410, 1907.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Fiorani G: Sopra una forma speciale di zoppicamento. Gazz Osp 2: 717, 1881.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Fisher RL, Waskowitz WJ: Familial development coxa vara. Clin Orthop 86: 2–5, 1972.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Golding JSR: Infantile coxa vara (congenital coxa vara), in Rang M (ed): The Growth Plate and Its Disorders. London, Livingstone, 1969, pp 155–161.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Gordon SL, Cotler JM: Coxa vara in three patients with concommitant cerebral palsy. Clin Orthop 137: 175–180, 1978.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Hamanishi C: Congenital short femur. J Bone Joint Surg 62B: 307–320, 1980.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Haraldsson S: The epiphyseal angle in coxa vara infantum and its relation to results. Acta Orthop Scand 39: 76–81, 1968.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Helbing C: Die coxa vara. Z Orthop Chir 15: 502, 1906.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Hoffa A: Die angeborenen coxa vara. Dtsch Med Wochenschz 31: 1257, 1905.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Hofmeister F: Coxa vara, a typical form of. Beitr Klin Chir 12: 245, 1894.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Horwitz T: The treatment of congenital (or developmental) coxa vara. Surg Gynecol Obstet 87: 71–75, 1948.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Hoyt WA Jr, Troyer ML, Reef T, et al: The proximal femoral epiphyses: experimental and correlated clinical observation of their potential. J Bone Joint Surg 48A: 1026, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Hoyt WA Jr, Greenberg BJ: Congenital coxa vara, in Tronzo R (ed): Surgery of the Hip Joint. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1973, pp 157–172.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Hoyt WA Jr, Greenberg BJ, Melby A III: Congenital coxa vara, in Tronzo RG (ed): Surgery of the Hip Joint. New York, Springer-Verlag, 1984, vol 1, pp 203–223.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  26. Johanning K: Coxa Vara Infantum I. Clinical appearance and aetiological problems. Acta Orthop Scand 21: 273–297, 1951.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Johanning K: Coxa Vara Infantum II. Treatment and results of treatment. Acta Orthop Scand 22: 100–125, 1952.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Kalamchi A, MacEwen GD: Avascular necrosis following treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg 62A: 876–888, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Kalamchi A, Cowell HR, Kim KI: Congenital deficiency of the femur. J Pediatr Orthop 5: 129–134, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Keetley CB: Coxa vara. Lancet 1: 1115–1118, 1900.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. King RE, Lovejoy JF Jr: Familial osteopetrosis with coxa vara, a case report. J Bone Joint Surg 55A: 381–385, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Knowles KG: Congenital coxa vara, presentation of a case. RI Med J, 46: 594–596, 1963.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Kraske P: Uber die operative Behandlung der statischen Schenkelhalsverbiegung Zentralbl Chir 6: 121, 1896.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Kredel L: Coxa vara congenita. Contralb Chir 23: 969, 1896.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Langenskiold F: On pseudarthrosis of the femoral neck in congenital coxa vara. Acta Chir Scand 98: 568–575, 1949.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Langenskiold A, Salenius P: Epiphyseodesis of the greater trochanter. Acta Orthop Scand 38: 199–219, 1967.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Lasserre C: Subtrochanteric oblique osteotomy in coxa vara, with temporary external fixation of the fragments. J Bone Joint Surg 13: 296–298, 1931.

    Google Scholar 

  38. LeMesurier AB: Developmental coxa vara. J Bone Joint Surg 30B: 595–605, 1948.

    Google Scholar 

  39. LeMesurier AB: Developmental coxa vara. J Bone Joint Surg 33B: 478–482, 1951.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Letts RM, Shokier MHK: Mirror-image coxa vara in identical twins. J Bone Joint Surg 57A: 117–118, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Lian C: Congenital coxa vara and Perthes’ disease. Acta Orthop Scand 19: 527–535, 1950.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Magnusson R: Coxa vara infantum. Acta Orthop Scand 23: 284–308, 1954.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Michelsson JE, Langenskiold A: Coxa vara following immobilization of the knee in extension in young rabbits. Acta Orthop Scand 45: 399–411, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Muller E: Torsion of the femoral neck during the growth period, A new disease picture. Beitr Chir 4: 137, 1889.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Nilsonne H: Beitrag zur kenntnis der kongenitalen form der coxa vara. Acta Radiol 3: 383–408, 1924.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Nilsonne H: On congenital coxa vara. Acta Chir Scand 64: 217–219, 1929.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Noble TP, Hauser ED: Coxa vara. Arch Surg 12: 501–538, 1926.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Ogden JA, Lee KE, Rudical SA, et al: Proximal femoral epiphysiolysis in the neonate. J Pediatr Orthop 4: 285–292, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Pauwels F: Zur Therapie der kindlichen Coxa vara. Verh Dtsch Orthop Ges 30: 372–387, 1935.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Pauwels F: Congenital coxa vara, in Biomechanics of the Normal and Diseased Hip. New York, Springer-Verlag, 1976, pp 42–80.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Pavlov H, Goldman AB, Freiberger RH: Infantile coxa vara. Radiology, 135: 631–640, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Peabody CW: Subtrochanteric osteotomy in coxa vara. Arch Surg 46: 743–749, 1943.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Pylkkanen PV: Coxa vara infantum. Acta Orthop Scand 48: 1–120, 1960.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Say B, Taysi K, Pirnar T, et al: Dominant congenital coxa vara. J Bone Joint Surg 56B: 78–85, 1974.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Schatz SL, Kopits SE: Proximal femoral focal deficiency. Am J Roentgenol 131: 289–295, 1978.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Schmidt TL, Kalamchi A: The fate of the capital femoral physis and acetabular development in developmental coxa vara. J Pediatr Orthop 2: 534–538, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Trueta J: Studies of the Development and Decay of the Human Frame. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1968, pp 274–278.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Weighill FJ: The treatment of developmental coxa vara by abduction subtrochanteric and intertrochanteric femoral osteotomy with special reference to the role of adductor tenotomy. Clin Orthop 116: 116–124, 1976.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Weinstein JN, Kuo KN, Millar EA: Congenital coxa vara. A retrospective review. J Pediatr Orthop 4: 70–77, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Weisl H: Coxa vara in spina bifida. J Bone Surg 65B: 128–133, 1983.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Wojowycz M, Starshak RJ, Sty JR: Neonatal proximal femoral epiphysiolysis. Radiology 136: 647–648, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Wynne-Davies R, Fairbank TJ: Fairbank’s Atlas of General Affections of the Skeleton. Second edition. New York, Churchill Livingstone, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Zadek I: Congenital coxa vara. Arch Surg 30: 62–102, 1935.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Thomas L. Schmidt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Limestone Medical Center, Suite 209, 19808, Wilmington, DE, USA

    Ali Kalamchi M.D., F.A.C.S., F.R.C.S.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1989 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Schmidt, T.L. (1989). Developmental Coxa Vara. In: Kalamchi, A. (eds) Congenital Lower Limb Deficiencies. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8882-1_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8882-1_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-8884-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-8882-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation