Skip to main content

Self-Efficacy Theory and Research: Applications in Clinical and Counseling Psychology

  • Chapter
Social Processes in Clinical and Counseling Psychology

Abstract

People tend to engage in behaviors they believe will get them what they want. A number of important psychological theories are based on this simple premise and are known as “expectancy-value” theories because they deal with the values people place on certain outcomes or goals and with their expectations that certain behaviors will help them attain these goals. An expectancy-value approach to psychopathology and psychotherapy assumes that people become distressed, get into conflicts with other people, and thus present themselves to psychotherapists and counselors because they hold inaccurate expectations about the behavior of other people and themselves, undervalue or overvalue certain outcomes or consequences, feel nothing can be done to achieve what they want, or feel incapable of doing those things that might obtain for them their goals.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abramson, L.Y., Seligman, M.E.P., & Teasdale, J.D. (1978). Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87, 49–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. New York: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, C.A., & Arnoult, L.H. (1985). Attributional style and everyday problems in living: Depression, shyness, and loneliness. Social Cognition, 3, 16–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, C.A., Horowitz, L.M., & French, R. (1983). Attributional style of lonely and depressed people. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 127–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aunis, H.M. (1982). Situational Confidence Questionnaire. Toronto: Addiction Research Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84, 191–215.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37, 122–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1984). Recycling misconceptions of perceived self-efficacy. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 8, 231–255.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. New York: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A., Adams, N.E., & Beyer, A. (1977). Cognitive processes mediating behavior change. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 125–139.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A., Adams, N.E., Hardy, A.B., & Howells, G.N. (1980). Tests of the generality of self-efficacy theory. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 1980, 4, 39–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A., Reese, L., & Adams, N.E. (1982). Microanalysis of action and fear arousal as a function of differential levels of perceived coping self-efficacy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,43, 5–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beck, A.T. (1976). Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. New York: International Universities Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Betz, N.E., & Hackett, G. (1981). The relationships of career-related self-efficacy expectations to perceived career options in college women and men. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 28, 399–410.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Betz, N.E., & Hackett, G. (1986). Applications of self-efficacy theory to understanding career choice behavior. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 4, 279–289.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Biran, M., & Wilson, G.T. (1981). Treatment of phobic disorders using cognitive and exposure methods: A self-efficacy analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 49, 886–899.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Borkovec, T.D. (1978). Self-efficacy: Cause or reflection of behavioural change? In S. Rachman (Ed.), Advances in behaviour therapy and research (Vol. 1, pp. 163–170). Oxford: Pergamon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buss, A.H. (1980). Self-consciousness and social anxiety. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carver, C.S., & Scheier, M.F. (1981). Attention and regulation: A control theory approach to human behavior. New York: Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chambliss, C.A., & Murray, E.J. (1979). Efficacy attribution, locus of control, and weight loss. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 3, 349–353.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coelho, R.J. (1984). Self-efficacy and cessation of smoking. Psychological Reports, 54, 309–310.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Colletti, G., Supnick, J.A., & Rizzo, A.A. (1981, August). An analysis of relapse determinants for treated smokers. Paper presented at the 89th annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Los Angeles.

    Google Scholar 

  • Condiotte, M.M., & Lichtenstein, E. (1981). Self-efficacy and relapse in smoking cessation programs. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 49, 648–658.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, F.W., & Yates, B.T. (1982). Self-efficacy expectancies versus outcome expectancies as determinants of performance deficits and depressive affect. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 6, 23–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Devins, G.M., Binik, Y.M., Gorman, P., Dattell, M., McClosky, B., Oscar, G., & Briggs, J. (1982). Perceived self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, and negative mood states in end-stage renal disease. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 91, 241–244.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DiClemente, C.C. (1981). Self-efficacy and smoking cessation maintenance: A preliminary report. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 5, 175–187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DiClemente, C.C. (1986). Self-efficacy and the addictive behaviors. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 4, 302–315.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DiClemente, C.C., Gordon, J.R., & Gibertini, M. (1983, August). Self-efficacy and determinants of relapse in alcoholism treatment. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Anaheim, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • DiClemente, C.C., Prochaska, J.O., & Gibertini, M. (1985). Self-efficacy and the stages of self-change of smoking. Cogntive Therapy and Research, 9, 181–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eastman, C., & Marzillier, J.S. (1984). Theoretical difficulties in Bandura’s self-efficacy theory. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 8, 213–229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Godding, P.R., & Glasgow, R.E. (1985). Self-efficacy and outcome expectancy as predictors of controlled smoking status. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 9, 583–590.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldfried, M.R. (1980). Toward the delineation of therapeutic change principles. American Psychologist, 35, 991–999.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goldfried, M.R., & Robins, C. (1982). On the facilitation of self-efficacy. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 6, 361–380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hadley, S.W. (1984). Preface to “Progress and prospects in psychotherapy research.” Clinical Psychology Review [special issue], 4, 1–3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, J.H., Ickes, W., & Kidd, R.F. (1978). New directions in attribution research. (Vol. 2). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs, B., Prentice-Dunn, S., & Rogers, R.W. (1986). Understanding persistence: An interface of control theory and self-efficacy theory. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 5, 333–347.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kanfer, F.H. (1984). Introduction. In R.P. McGlynn, J.E. Maddux, C.D. Stoltenberg, & J.H. Harvey (Eds.), Social perception in clinical and counseling psychology. Lubbock, TX: Texas Tech Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanfer, R., & Zeiss, A.M. (1983). Depression, interpersonal standard-setting, and judgments of self-efficacy. Journal of Abnormal Psychology,92, 319–329.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kazdin, A.E. (1978). Conceptual and assessment issues raised by self-efficacy theory. In S. Rachman (Ed.), Advances in behaviour research and therapy (Vol. 1, pp. 177–185). Oxford: Pergamon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirsch, I. (1986). Early research on self-efficacy: What we already know without knowing we knew. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 4, 339–358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leary, M.R. (1983). Understanding social anxiety: Social, personality, and clinical perspectives. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leary, M.R., & Atherton, S.C. (1986). Self-efficacy, social anxiety, and inhibition in social encounters. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 4, 258–267.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leary, M.R., Maddux, J.E., & Kowalski, R.M. (1987). Goal-attainment expectancies, self-presentational outcomes,and social anxiety. Manuscript submitted for publication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewinsohn, P.M., Mischel, W., Chaplin, W., & Barton, R. (1980). Social competence and depression: The role of illusory self-perceptions. Journal of Abnormal Psychology,89, 203–212.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maddux, J.E., & Barnes, J. (1985). The orthogonality and relative predictive utility of self-efficacy expectancy,outcome expectancy, and outcome value: A review of empirical studies. Unpublished manuscript. Fairfax, VA: George Mason University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maddux, J.E., Norton, L.W., & Leary, M.R. (in press). Cognitive components of social anxiety: An investigation of the integration of self-presentation theory and self-efficacy theory. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maddux, J.E., Norton, L.W., & Stoltenberg, C.D. (1986). Self-efficacy expectancy, outcome expectancy, and outcome value: Relative effects on behavioral intentions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 783–789.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maddux, J.E., & Rogers, R.W. (1983). Protection motivation and self-efficacy: A revised theory of fear appeals and attitude change. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 19, 469–479.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maddux, J.E., Sherer, M., & Rogers, R.W. (1982). Self-efficacy expectancy and outcome expectancy: Their relationships and their effects on behavioral intentions. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 6, 207–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maddux, J.E., & Stanley, M.A. (1986). Self-efficacy theory in contemporary psychology: An overview. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 4,249–255.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manning, M.M., & Wright, T.L. (1983). Self-efficacy expectancies, outcome expectancies, and the persistence of pain control in childbirth. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 421–431.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marlatt, G.A., & Gordon, J.R. (Eds.) (1985). Relapse prevention. New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marzillier, J., & Eastman, C. (1984). Continuing problems with self-efficacy theory: A reply to Bandura. Cognitive Therapy and Research,8, 257–262.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Myerson, W.A., Foreyt, J.P., Hammond, G.S., & DiClemente, C.C. (1980, November). Self-efficacy: The development of a brief scale for prediction of success in a smoking ces-sation program. Paper presented at the 14th annual convention of the Association for Advancement of Behavior Therapy, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nikki, R.M., Remington, R.E., & MacDonald, G.A. (1984). Self-efficacy, nicotine fading/self-monitoring and cigarette smoking behaviour. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 22, 477–485.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Leary, A. (1985). Self-efficacy and health. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 23, 437–452.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenbaum, M., & Hadari, D. (1985). Personal efficacy, external locus of control, and perceived contingency of parental reinforcement among depressed, paranoid, and normal subjects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49,539–547.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saltzer, E.B. (1981). Cognitive moderators of the relationship between behavioral intentions and behaviors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 260–271.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schlenker, B.R., & Leary, M.R. (1982). Social anxiety and self-presentation: A conceptualization and model. Psychological Bulletin, 92,641–669.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, J.A., O’Leary, A., & Bandura, A. (1985). The development of a scale to assess self-efficacy in bulimics. Unpublished manuscript, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schunk, D.H. (1986). Vicarious influences on self-efficacy for cognitive skill learning. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 4, 302–327.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sherer, M., Maddux, J.E., Mercandante, B., Prentice-Dunn, S., Jacobs, B., & Rogers, R.W. (1982). The self-efficacy scale: Construction and validation. Psychological Reports, 51, 663–671.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stanley, M.A., & Maddux, J.E. (1986a). Cognitive processes in health enhancement: Investigation of a combined protection motivation and self-efficacy model. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 7, 101–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stanley, M.A., & Maddux, J.E. (1986b). Self-efficacy expectancy and depressed mood: An investigation of causal relationships. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 4, 575–586.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stanley, M.A., & Maddux, J.E. (1986c). Self-efficacy theory: Potential contributions to understanding cognitions in depression. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology,4, 268–278.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teasdale, J.D. (1978). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioural change? In S. Rachman (Ed.), Advances in behaviour research and therapy (Vol. 1, pp. 211–215). Oxford: Pergamon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, S.M., McCann, B.S., Beidel, D.C., & Messick, J.E. (1986). DSM-III classification of the anxiety disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 168–172.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weinberg, R.S., & Agras, W.S. (1984). The Weight Reduction Efficacy Questionnaire. Unpublished manuscript, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weinberg, R.S., Hughes, H.H., Critelli, J.W., England, R., & Jackson, A. (1984). Effects of preexisting and manipulated self-efficacy on weight loss in a self-control program. Journal of Research in Personality, 18,352–358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, L.S., Dooseman, G., & Kleinfield, E. (1984). Comparative effectiveness of guided mastery and exposure treatments for intractable phobias. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,52, 505–518.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, L.S., & Watson, N. (1985). Perceived danger and perceived self-efficacy as cognitive determinants of acrophobic behaviors. Behavior Therapy, 16, 136–146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wurtele, S.K. (1986). Self-efficacy and athletic performance: A review. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 4,290–301.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1987 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Maddux, J.E., Stanley, M.A., Manning, M.M. (1987). Self-Efficacy Theory and Research: Applications in Clinical and Counseling Psychology. In: Maddux, J.E., Stoltenberg, C.D., Rosenwein, R. (eds) Social Processes in Clinical and Counseling Psychology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8728-2_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8728-2_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-8730-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-8728-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics