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Biological half-lives of chemicals in fishes

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Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

Part of the book series: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology ((RECT,volume 99))

Abstract

The biological half-life of a chemical is the time required for its concentration in an organism to decline by 50%. This value is described in the relationship:

$$ {{T}_{{1/2}}} = \frac{{0.693}}{{{{K}_{e}}}} $$

where T 1/2 is the biological half-life, and K e the clearance coefficient. Both T 1/2 and K e have important applications in chemical hazard assessments. Contaminant dynamics models generally include a coefficient to describe the clearance rate of a chemical (Thomann 1981; Bruggeman 1982). K e can be used to estimate the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of a persistent chemical that does not attain steady-state concentration in fish during a study. Using the kinetics approach, another experiment could determine the chemical uptake coefficient (K 1) by exposing fish to a constant chemical concentration, and this factor can be estimated as BCF = K 1/K e (Oliver and Niimi 1985). Half-lives can also be used to assess the relative importance of the bioconcentration and biomagnification pathways for accumulation of contaminants by fish (Niimi 1985).

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  1. Great Lakes Fisheries Research Branch, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada Centre for Inland Waters, 867 Lakeshore Rd., Burlington, Ontario, Canada, L7R 4A6

    A. J. Niimi

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  1. College of Agriculture, University of Arizona, 85721, Tucson, Arizona, USA

    George W. Ware

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Niimi, A.J. (1987). Biological half-lives of chemicals in fishes. In: Ware, G.W. (eds) Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol 99. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8719-0_1

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