Skip to main content

Plio-Quaternary Sedimentation and Tectonics in the Ionian Area: Clues to the Recent Evolution of the Mediterranean

  • Chapter
Geological Evolution of the Mediterranean Basin

Abstract

Recent investigations in the eastern and central Ionian Sea provide evidence of fundamental paleogeographic and paleoceanographic changes that have occurred since the Neogene. This evolution supports the model of Messinian shallow-water evaporation within a shallow basin setting. Sedimentary facies indicate a direct relation between Messinian sedimentation and rate of basin subsidence, the latter calculated at about 1 m/1000 years. The general pattern of Pliocene sedimentation is the result of relatively slow deposition during continuing subsidence, producing “starved” basin conditions. During Plio-Quaternary time the average rate of subsidence within the basins was about 0.8 m/1000 years.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Albanie, Republic Populaire de, 1967. Carte Géologique de l’Albanie. Scale 1:200,000. Ministère d’Industrie et de Mines, Tirane (Map).

    Google Scholar 

  • Aubouin, J., 1957. Un profil tectonique d’ensemble de la Grèce septentrionale moyenne. Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 6:1135–1155.

    Google Scholar 

  • Avedik, F. and Hieke, W., 1981. Reflection seismic profiles from the Central Ionian Sea (Mediterranean) and their geodynamic interpretation. “Meteor” Forsch.-Ergebnisse, Reihe C, 34:49–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Awramik, S.M., 1978. Stromatolites with coccoid and filamentous blue-green algae of Messinian age from Site 374—Ionian Abyssal Plain. In: K.J. Hsü et al. (Editors), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, vol. 42, part 1. Natl. Sci. Found., Washington, D.C., pp. 665–668.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bellaiche, G. and Blanpied, C., 1979. Aperçu néotectonique. In: P.F. Burollet, P. Clairefond and E. Winnock (Editors), La Mer Pélagienne. Géologie Méditerranéenne, Annal. Univ. Provence, 6:50–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Biju-Duval, B. and Montadert, L. (Editors), 1977. Structural History of the Mediterranean Basins. Editions Technip, Paris, 448 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bizon, G. and Müller, C., 1977. Remarks on some biostratigraphic problems in the Mediterranean Neogene. In: B. Biju-Duval and L. Montadert (Editors), Structural History of the Mediterranean Basins. Editions Technip, Paris, pp. 381–390.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourcart, J., 1963. La Méditerranée et la révolution du Pliocène. Livre Mém. P. Fallot, Mém. h.s. Soc. Gèol.Fr., 1:103–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bousquet, J.-Cl., 1977. Contribution à l’étude de la tectonique récente en Méditerranée occidentale: les données de la néotectonique dans l’arc de Gibraltar et dans l’arc Tyrrhénien. In: B. Biju-Duval and L. Montadert (Editors), Structural History of the Mediterranean Basins. Editions Technip, Paris, pp. 199–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Braune, K., Fabricius, F. and Heimann, K.O., 1973. Sedimentation and facie s of Late Miocene strata on Cephalonia (Ionian Islands, Greece). In: C.W. Drooger (Editor), Messinian Events in the Mediterranean. North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam-London, pp. 192–201.

    Google Scholar 

  • Braune, K., Fabricius, F. and Heimann, K.O., 1978. The Late Miocene evaporitic sequence on the Ionian Islands and geodynamic implications for the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. In: H. Closs, D. Roeder and K. Schmidt (Editors), Alps, Apennines, Hellenides. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, pp. 529–531.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burollet, P.F., Clairefond, P. and Winnock, E. (Editors), 1979. La Mer Pélagienne. Géologie Méditerranéenne, Annal. Univ. Provence, 6:345 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cita, M.B., 1982. The Messinian salinity crisis in the Mediterranean: a review. In: H. Berckhemer and K.J. Hsü (Editors), Alpine Mediterranean Geodynamics. Geodynamic Series, Am. Geophys. Un., 7:113–140.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Decima, A. and Wezel, F.C., 1973. Late Miocene evaporites of the Central Sicilian Basin, Italy. In: W.B.F. Ryan et al. (Editors), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, vol. 13, part 2. Natl. Sci. Found., Washington, D.C., pp. 1234–1241.

    Google Scholar 

  • Delibrias, G. and Evin, J., 1979. Datations par le radiocarbone des sédiments de la Mer Pélagienne. In: P.F. Burollet, P. Clairefond and E. Winnock (Editors), La Mer Pélagienne. Géologie Méditerranéenne, Annal. Univ. Provence, 6:285–289.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drooger, C.W. (Editor), 1973. Messinian Events in the Mediterranean. North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam-London, 272 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erickson, A.J., Simmons, G. and Ryan, W.B.F., 1977. Review of heatflow data from the Mediterranean and Aegean seas. In: B. Biju-Duval and L. Montadert (Editors), Structural History of the Mediterranean Basins. Editions Technip, Paris, pp. 263–279.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fabricius, F.H., 1977. Geological history of the Mediterranean since Late Miocene. Rapp. Comm. Int. Mer Médit., 24:109–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fabricius, F.H., 1980. Messinian evaporitic facies in the Mediterranean area: geodynamic implications. In: H. Closs, K.v. Gehlen, H. Illies, E. Kuntz, J. Neumann and E. Seibold (Editors), Mobile Earth. Intern. Geodyn. Project, Final Report Fed. Rep. Germany Bold, Boppard, pp. 91–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fabricius, F.H. and Hieke, W., 1977. Neogene to Quaternary development of the Ionian Basin (Mediterranean): considerations based on a “dynamic shallow basin model” of the Messinian salinity event. In: B. Biju-Duval and L. Montadert (Editors), Structural History of the Mediterranean Basins. Editions Technip, Paris, pp. 391–400.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fabricius, F.H., Heimann, K.O. and Braune, K., 1978. Comparison of Site 374 with circum-Ionian land sections: implications for the Messinian “Salinity Crisis” on the basis of a “Dynamic model.” In: K.J. Hsü et al. (Editors), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, vol. 42, part 1. Natl. Sci. Found., Washington, D.C., pp. 927–942.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foose, R.M., 1977. Structural lineaments and tectonics of the Mediterranean Basin. In: B. Biju-Duval and L. Montadert (Editors), Structural History of the Mediterranean Basins. Editions Technip, Paris, pp. 221–232.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finetti, I., 1981. Geophysical study on the evolution of the Ionian Sea. In: F.C. Wezel (Editor), Sedimentary Basins of Mediterranean Margins. C.N.R. Italian Project of Oceanography, Tecnoprint, Bologna, pp. 465–484.

    Google Scholar 

  • Funk, G., 1983. Paleogeographical results of Neogene sedimentation on NW-Corfu. Rapp. Comm. Int. Mer Médit., 24:129–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedgepeth, J.W., 1957. Classification of marine environments. In: H.S. Ladd (Editor), Treatise on Marine Ecology and Paleoecology, 2, Paleoecology. Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. 67(reprint 1963):93–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heimann, K.O., 1977. Die Fazies des Messins und untersten Pliozäns auf den Ionischen Inseln (Zakynthos, Kephallinia, Korfu/Griechenland) und auf Sizilien. Thesis, Techn. Univer. München, 158 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heimann, K.O. and Jung, W., 1976. Der Evaporitzyklus II bei Paghi, Nord-Korfu. Mitt. Bayer. Staatssamml. Paläont. Hist. Geol., 16:105–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heimann, K.O. and Marcopoulou-Diacantoni, A., 1977. About a fauna of echinoids from the Messinian of Cephallonia (Greece). Collected Abstr. VI Coll. Geol. Aegean Region, Athens 1977. Inst. Geol. Min. Res. Athens, p. 141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heimann, K.O. and Mascle, G.H., 1974. Les séquences de la série évaporitique messinienne. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 279:1987–1990.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heimann, K.O., Jung, W. and Braune, K., 1975. Schichtenfolge und Flora des Messiniens von Nord-Korfu (Griechenland). Mitt. Bayer. Staatssamml. Paläont. Hist. Geol., 15:169–177.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hieke, W., 1982. “Reflector M” and diapiric structures in the Ionian Sea (Eastern Mediterranean). Mar. Geol., 46:235–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hieke, W., 1984. A thick Holocene homogenite from the Ionian Abyssal Plain (eastern Mediterranean). Mar. Geol., 55:63–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hieke, W., Sigl, W. and Fabricius, F., 1973. Morphological and structural aspects of the Mediterranean Ridge SW off the Peloponnesus (Ionian Sea). Bull. Geol. Soc. Gr., 10:109–126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hieke, W., Melguen, M. and Fabricius, F., 1975. Migration of tectonics from the Mediterranean Ridge into the Messina Abyssal Plain (Ionian Sea). Rapp. Comm. Int. Mer Médit., 23:89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hieke, W., Bizon, G. and Müller, C., 1983. Miocene and Pliocene sediments from core 22M37 (Mediterranean Ridge, Ionian Sea). Rapp. Comm. Int. Mer Médit., 28:131–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horowitz, A., 1979. The Quaternary of Israel. Academic Press, New York, xv + 394 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hsü, K.J., Cita, M.B. and Ryan, W.B.F., 1973. The origin of the Mediterranean evaporites. In: W.B.F. Ryan et al. (Editors), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, vol. 13, part 2. Natl. Sci. Found., Washington, D.C., pp. 1203–1231.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hsü, K.J. et al., 1978. Initial Reports of the Deep-Sea Drilling Project, vol. 42, part 1. Natl. Sci. Found., Washington, D.C., 1249 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, J.A., Gagnepain, J., Houseman, G., King, G.C.P., Papadimitriou, P., Soufleris, C. and Virieux, J., 1982. Seismicity, normal faulting, and the geomorphological development of the Gulf of Corinth (Greece): the Corinth earthquakes of February and March 1981. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 57:377–397.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keraudren, B., 1970–1972. Les formations quaternaire marines de la Grèce. Bull. Musée Anthropol. Préhist. Monaco, part 1 (1970), 16:5–153;

    Google Scholar 

  • Keraudren, B., 1970–1972. Les formations quaternaire marines de la Grèce. Bull. Musée Anthropol. Préhist. Monaco, part 2 (1971), 17:87–169;

    Google Scholar 

  • Keraudren, B., 1970–1972. Les formations quaternaire marines de la Grèce. Bull. Musée Anthropol. Préhist. Monaco, part 3 (1972), 18:245–281.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krömmelbein, K., 1977. Brinkmanns Abriß der Geologie, Bd.2, Historische Geologie, 11th ed. Enke, Stuttgart, 400 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morelli, C., Gantar, G. and Pisani, M., 1975. Bathymetry, gravity and magnetism in the Strait of Sicily and in the Ionian Sea. Boll. Geof. Teor. Appl., 17:39–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mulder, C.J. and Parry, G.R., 1977. Late Tertiary evolution of the Alboran Sea at the eastern entrance of the straits of Gibraltar. In: B. Biju-Duval and L. Montadert (Editors), Structural History of the Mediterranean Basins. Editions Technip, Paris, pp. 401–410.

    Google Scholar 

  • Müller, J., Hieke, W. and Fabricius, F., 1978. Turbidites at Site 374: their composition, provenance and paleobathymetric significance. In: K.J. Hsü et al. (Editors), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, vol. 42, part 1, Natl. Sci. Found., Washington, D.C., pp. 397–400.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nairn, A.E.M., Kanes, W.H. and Stehli, F.G. (Editors), 1977. The Ocean Basins and Margins. 4A. The Eastern Mediterranean. Plenum Press, New York, 503 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nairn, A.E.M., Kanes, W.H. and Stehli, F.G. (Editors), 1978. The Ocean Basins and Margins. 4B. The Western Mediterranean. Plenum Press, New York, 447 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neev, D., Almagor, G., Arad, A., Ginzburg, A. and Hall, J.K., 1976. The geology of the southeastern Mediterranean Sea. Bull. Geol. Surv. Is., 68:1–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nilsson, T., 1983. The Pleistocene: Geology and Life in the Quaternary Ice Age. Enke, Stuttgart, 651 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peters, J.M. and Troelstra, S.R., 1984. Early Pliocene sedimentation in the Cretan region: implications for the timing and amount of vertical motion along the south Hellenic Arc (eastern Mediterranean). Mar. Geol., 56:335–344.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, W.B.F., et al., 1973. Initial Reports of the Deep-Sea Drilling Project, vol. 13, Natl. Sci. Found., Washington, D.C., 1447 pp.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Savelli, D. and Wezel, F.C., 1979. Schema geologico del Messiniano del Pesarese. Boll. Soc. Geol. It., 97:165–188.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt-Thomé, P., 1972. Tektonik: In: R. Brinkmann (Editor), Lehrbuch der Allgemeinen Geologie, Bd 2. Enke, Stuttgart, 579 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmolin, J., 1981. Some results about the sedimentology of Pliocene on the Ionian islands of Kephallinia and Zakynthos (Greece). Rapp. Comm. Int. Mer Médit., 27:85–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmolin, J., 1983. Sedimentologisch-fazielle Untersuchungen des Pliozäns auf den Ionischen Inseln Kephallinia and Zakynthos (West-Griechenland). Unpubl. Thesis, Tech. Univer. München, 141 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schröder, B. and Kelletat, D., 1976. Geodynamical conclusions from vertical displacement of Quaternary shorelines in the Peloponnesos/Greece. N.Jb. Geol. Paläont., Mh. (1976): 174–186.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwarzbach, M., 1974. Das Klima der Vorzeit—Einführung in die Paläoklimatologie, 3rd revised ed., Enke, Stuttgart, 380 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Selli, R., 1981. Thoughts on the geology of the Mediterranean region. In: F.C. Wezel (Editor), Sedimentary Basins of Mediterranean Margins. C.N.R. Italian Project of Oceanography, Technoprint, Bologna, pp. 489–501.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sonnenfeld, P., 1974. The Upper Miocene evaporite basins in the Mediterranean region—a study in paleo-oceanography. Geol. Rundsch., 63:1133–1172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stanley, D.J. (Editor), 1972. The Mediterranean Sea: A Natural Sedimentation Laboratory. Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, 765 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stanley, D.J., 1977. Post-Miocene depositional patterns and structural displacement in the Mediterranean. In: A.E.M. Nairn, W.H. Kanes and F.G. Stehli (Editors), The Ocean Basins and Margins. 4A. The Eastern Mediterranean. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 77–150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vail, P.R., and Hardenbol, J., 1979. Sea-level changes during the Tertiary. Ocean/continental boundaries. Oceanus, 22:71–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vismara-Schilling, A., Stradner, H., Cita, M.B. and Gaetani, M., 1976. Stratigraphic investigations on the Late Neogene of Corfou (Greece) with special reference to the Miocene/Pliocene boundary and to its geodynamic significance. Mem. Soc. Geol. It., 16:279–317.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wezel, F.C. (Editor), 1981a. Sedimentary Basins of Mediterranean Margins. C.N.R. Italian Project of Oceanography, Tecnoprint, Bologna, 520 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wezel, F.C, 1981b. Sedimentary basins of Mediterranean margins—an introductory view. In: F.C. Wezel (Editor), Sedimentary Basins of Mediterranean Margins. C.N.R. Italian Project of Oceanography, Tecnoprint, Bologna, pp. xix–xxiii.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wezel, F.C., 1981c. The structure of the Calabro-Sicilian Arc: krikogenesis rather than subduction. In: F.C. Wezel (Editor), Sedimentary Basins of Mediterranean Margins. C.N.R. Italian Project of Oceanography, Tecnoprint, Bologna, pp. 485–487.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wezel, F.C. 1982. The structure of the Calabro-Sicilian Arc: result of a post-orogenic intra-plate deformation. In: J.K. Leggett (Editor), Trench-Forearc Geology: Sedimentation and Tectonics on Modern and Ancient Active Plate Margins. Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 10:345–354.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winnock, E., 1981. Structure du bloc pélagien. In: F.C Wezel (Editor), Sedimentary Basins of Mediterranean Margins. C.N.R. Italian Project of Oceanography, Tecnoprint, Bologna, pp. 445–464.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woldstedt, P., 1958. Das Eiszeitalter. Grundlage einer Geologie des Quartärs. 2. Europa, Vorderasien und Nordafrika im Eiszeitalter, 2nd revised ed. Enke, Stuttgart, 438 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woldstedt, P., 1961. Das Eiszeitalter. Grundlage einer Geologie des Quartärs. 1. Die allgemeinen Erscheinungen des Eiszeitalters, 3rd revised ed. Enke, Stuttgart, 374 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woldstedt, P., 1965. Das Eiszeitalter. Grundlage einer Geologie des Quartärs. 3. Afrika, Asien, Australien und Amerika im Eiszeitalter, 2nd revised ed. Enke, Stuttgart, 328 pp.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1985 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Fabricius, F.H., Braune, K., Funk, G., Hieke, W., Schmolin, J. (1985). Plio-Quaternary Sedimentation and Tectonics in the Ionian Area: Clues to the Recent Evolution of the Mediterranean. In: Stanley, D.J., Wezel, FC. (eds) Geological Evolution of the Mediterranean Basin. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8572-1_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8572-1_14

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-8574-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-8572-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics