Abstract
Populations of the sea-shore face a number of special difficulties. There are problems caused by alternate submergence by water and exposure to air. There are usually additional difficulties due to the breaking of waves. In the shallow water along the coast the physical and chemical conditions are less stable than in deep water; in particular, there are wider and more rapid changes of temperature, and fluctuations of salinity associated with evaporation or fresh water dilution. Often the inshore water is also very turbid because quantities of suspended matter are churned up from the bottom by waves or carried into the sea by rivers.
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Tait, R.V. (1972). The Sea-Shore. In: Elements of Marine Ecology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8297-3_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8297-3_7
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