Neuroendocrine Regulation of Gonadal Function

Abstract

The central nervous system (CNS) has an essential role in regulation of gonadal function. Electric stimulation or anatomic lesions of the hypothalamus can provoke or prevent ovulation. Furthermore, extrahypothalamic structures, such as those in the limbic system are connected functionally and anatomically with the hypo-thalamus. The hypothalamus controls the function of the anterior pituitary gland by a series of chemical messengers (hypophysiotropic hormones) that are synthesized in specific areas of the hypothalamus. Although many use the term releasing hormones for these messengers, they may either inhibit or stimulate the release of anterior pituitary hormones. Hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic neurosecretory neurons are involved in the elaboration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), also called luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), from the hypothalamus (603).