Abstract
Ankle injuries are usually the result of indirect or torsional violence [5,31,32,41] which distorts the normal relationship between the talus and the tibiofibular mortise. Most commonly, the foot is fixed and the injury is sustained as a result of the tibiofibular mortise moving against the talus [77,83]. Most authors, however, have found it more convenient to speak in terms of motion of the talus with respect to the tibiofibular mortise [44]; this custom shall be observed in this text.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alldredge RH: Diastasis of the distal tibiofibular joint and associated lesions. JAMA
2136, 1940.
Arimoto HK, Forrester DM: Classification of ankle fractures: an algorithm. Am J Roentgenol 135: 1057, 1980.
Ashhurst APC, Bromer RS: Classification and mechanism of fractures of the leg bones involving the ankle. AMA Arch Surg 4: 51, 1922.
Bistrom 0: Conservative treatment of severe ankle fractures. A clinical and follow-up study. Acta Chir Scand (Suppl) 168: 1, 1952.
Bohler L: The Treatment of Fractures, 5th ed. New York, Grone & Stratton, 1956.
Bolin H: The fibula and its relationship to the tibia and talus in injuries of the ankle due to forced external rotation. Acta Radiol 56: 439, 1961.
Bonnin JG: Injuries to the Ankle. New York, Grune & Stratton, 1950.
Bonnin JG: Injury to the ligaments of the ankle. J. Bone Joint Surg 47B: 609, 1965.
Bosworth DM: Fracture-dislocation of the ankle with fixed displacement of the fibula behind the tibia. J Bone Joint Surg 29: 130, 1947.
Burns BH: Diastasis of the inferior tibio-fibular joint. Proc Roy Soc Med 36: 330, 1943.
Burwell HN, Charnley D: Treatment of displaced fractures at the ankle by rigid internal fixation and early joint movement. J Bone Joint Surg 47B: 634, 1965.
Cabrera C, Simonovich S: Major fractures of the ankle and their sequelae. Ed: J. Delchef, R de Marneffe, E Vander Elst. Proceedings of the 12th Congress of the International Society of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, TelAviv, Oct 9-12 1972.Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, 1973.
Cave F (Ed): Ankle Injuries. Fractures and Other Injuries. Chicago, Year Book Medical, 1958.
Cedell CA: Supination-outward rotation injuries of the ankle. Acta Orthop Scand (Suppl) 110:1, 1967.
Cedell CA: Ankle lesions. Acta Orthop Scand 46: 425, 1975.
Close R: Some applications of the functional anatomy of the ankle joint. J Bone Joint Surg 38A: 761, 1956.
Colton CL: Fracture-diastasis of the inferior tibio-fibular joint. J Bone Joint Surg 50B: 830, 1968.
Cooper AP: On dislocations of the ankle joint. Clin Orthop 42: 3, 1965.
Cotton FJ: A new type of ankle fracture. JAMA 64: 318, 1915.
Cox FJ, Laxson WW: Fractures about the ankle joint. Am J Surg 83: 674, 1952.
Dabezies E, D'Ambrosia R, Shoji H: Classification and treatment of ankle fractures. Orthopedics 1: 365, 1978.
D'Anca AF: Lateral rotatory dislocation of the ankle without fracture. A case report. J Bone Joint Surg 52A: 1643, 1970.
DeSouza Dias L, Foerster TP: Traumatic lesions of the ankle joint. The supination-external rotation mechanism. Clin Orthop ReI Res 100: 219, 1974.
Dupuytren G: On the Injuries and Diseases of Bones. Translated by F. LeGros Clark. London, The Syndenham Society, 1847.
Dupuytren G: Of Fractures of the Lower Extremity of Fibula and Luxations of the Foot. Med Classics 4: 151, 1939.
Ellison AE: A brief review of the literature on the ankle joint. Am J Sports Med 5: 226, 1977.
Fahey JJ, Schlenker LT, Stauffer RC: Fracture dislocation of the ankle with fixed displacement of the fibula behind the tibia. Am J Roetgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 76: 1102, 1956.
Ferreira AP, DeWet IS, Dommisse GF: Fractures and dislocations of the ankle joint. S Afr Med J 54: 1095, 1978.
Golterman AFL: Diagnosis and treatment of tibiofibular diastasis. Arch Chir Neerl 16: 185, 1964.
Grath G: Widening of the ankle mortise. A clinical and experimental study. Acta Chir Scand (Suppl) 263: 1, 1960.
Harvey JP Jr: Fractures of the ankle. A clinical survey of 181 cases. Clin Orthop 42: 57, 1965.
Henderson MS: Fractures of the ankle. Wisc Med J 31: 684, 1932.
Henderson MS, Stuck WG: Fractures of the ankle. Recent and old. J Bone Joint Surg 15: 882, 1933.
Hirsch C, Lewis J: Experimental ankle-joint fractures. Acta Orthop Scand 36: 408, 1965.
Hughes J: The medial malleolus in ankle fractures. Orthop Clin North Am, 11: 649, 1980.
Hughes JL, Weber H, Willenegger H, Kuner EH: Evaluation of ankle fractures. Non-operative and operative treatment. Clin Orthop ReI Res 138: 111, 1979.
Hughes SPF: An historical review of fractures involving the ankle joint. Mayo Clin Proc 50: 611, 1975.
Hughes SPF: External rotational injury of the ankle joint with displacement of the talus. Ann Roy Coil Surg 59: 61, 1977.
Iselin M, deVellis H: La primaute du perone dans les fractures' du cou-de-pied. Mem Acad Chir 87: 399, 1961.
Iergesen F: Open reduction of fractures and dislocations of the ankle. Am I Surg 98: 136, 1959.
Key lA, Conwell HE: Injuries in the Region of the Ankle. The Management of Fractures, Dislocations and Sprains, 6th ed. St. Louis, Mosby, 1956.
Kleiger B: The diagnosis and treatment of traumatic lateral ankle instability. NY State I Med 54: 2573, 1954.
Kleiger B: Treatment of oblique fractures of the fibula. I Bone Ioint Surg 43: 969, 1961.
Kleiger B: Mechanisms of ankle injury. Orthop Clin North Am 5: 127, 1974.
Klossner 0: Late results of operative and nonoperative treatment of severe ankle fractures. Acta Chir Scand (Suppl) 293: 1, 1962.
Kristensen T: Treatment of malleolar fractures according to Lauge-Hansen's method. Preliminary results. Acta Chir Scand 97: 362, 1949.
Kristensen T: Fractures of the ankle. VI. Follow- Up studies. AMA Arch Surg 73: 112, 1956.
Lane WA: The operative treatment of simple fractures. Surg Gynecol Obstet 8: 344, 1909.
Lauge-Hansen N: Fractures of the ankle. Arch Surg 56: 259, 1948.
Lauge-Hansen N: Fractures of the ankle. II. Combined experimental-surgical and experimental-roentgenologic investigations. Arch Surg 60: 957, 1950.
Lauge-Hansen N: Fractures of the ankle. IV. Clinical use of the genetic roentgen diagnosis and genetic reduction. Arch Surg 64: 488, 1952.
Lauge-Hansen N: Fractures of the ankle. V. Pronation-dorsiflexion fracture. Arch Surg 67: 813, 1953.
Lauge-Hansen N: Fractures of the ankle. III. Genetic roentgenologic diagnosis of fractures of the ankle. Am J Roentgenol 71: 456, 1954.
Lewin P: Fractures of the Bones of the Foot and Ankle. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1959.
Lewis IL: The effect of ankle-injury forces. I Bone Ioint Surg 46A: 1380, 1964.
Lindsjo U: Operative treatment of ankle fractures. Acta Orthop Scand (Suppl) 189: 1, 1981.
Lovell ES: An unusual rotatory injury of the ankle. I Bone Ioint Surg 50A: 163, 1968.
MacKinnon AP: Fracture of the lower articular surface of the tibia in fracture dislocation of the ankle. J Bone Joint Surg 10:352, 1928. 59. Magnusson R: On the late results in non-operated cases of malleolar fractures. I. Fractures by external rotation. Acta Chir Scand (Suppl) 84:1, 1944. 60. Magnusson R: Ligament injuries of the ankle joint. Acta Orthop Scand 36: 317, 1965.
Maisonneuve MJG: Fractures du perone, Arch Gen Med 1: 165, 1840.
MaIka IS, Taillard W: Results of non-operative and operative treatment of fractures of the ankle. Clin Orthop ReI Res 67:159, 1969.
Mast JW, Teipner A: A reproducible approach to the internal fixation of adult ankle fractures. Rationale, technique, and early results. Orthop Clin North Am 11: 661, 1980.
Mayer PJ, Evarts CMcC: Fracture-dislocation of ankle with posterior entrapment of the fibula behind the tibia. Recognition and management. Bone Joint Surg 6OA: 320, 1978.
McDaniel WJ, Wilson FC: Trimalleolar fractures of the ankle. An end result study. Clin Orthop ReI Res 122: 37, 1977.
McLaughlin HL: Trauma. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1960.
Meyers MH: Fracture about the ankle joint with fixed displacement of the proximal fragment of the fibula behind the tibia. J Bone Joint Surg 39A: 441, 1957.
Meyers MH: Fracture about the ankle joint with fixed displacement of the proximal fragment of the fibula behind the tibia. Clin Orthop ReI Res 42: 67, 1965.
Monk CJE: Injuries of the tibiofibular ligaments. J Bone Joint Surg 51: 330, 1969.
MullerME, Allgower M, Schneider R, Willenegger H: Manual of Internal Fixation. New York, Springer-Verlag, 1979.
Neer CS II: Injuries of the ankle joint. Evaluation. Conn State Med I 17: 580, 1953.
Neufeld AJ: Ankle joint fractures and their treatment. Clin Orthop 42: 91, 1965.
Nystrom G: A contribution to the treatment of fractures of the posterior border of the tibia by malleolar fractures. Acta Radiol 25: 672, 1944.
Olerud S: Subluxation of the ankle without fracture of the fibula. A case report. J Bone Joint Surg 53A: 594, 1971.
Pankovich AM: Fractures of the fibula proximal to the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis. J Bone Joint Surg 6OA: 221, 1978.
Pankovich AM: Fractures of the fibula at the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis. Clin Orthop ReI Res 143: 138, 1979.
Pankovich AM: Adult ankle fractures. JCE Orthop 7: 17, 1979.
Phillips RS, Balmer GA, Monk CJE: The external rotation fracture of the fibular malleolus. Br I Surg 56: 55, 1969.
Phillips WA, Spiegel PG: Evaluation of ankle fractures, non-operative vs. operative. Clin Orthop ReI Res 138: 17, 1979.
Platt H: Introduction to a discussion on fractures in the neighborhood of the ankle-joint. Lancet 1: 33, 1926.
Pott P: Some Few General Remarks on Fractures and Dislocations. London, Hawes, Clarke and Collins, 1768. Reprinted in Med Classics 1: 329, 1936.
Purvis GD: The unstable oblique distal fibular fracture. Clin Orthop ReI Res 92: 330, 1973.
Quigley TB: Analysis and treatment of ankle injuries produced by rotatory, abduction and adduction forces. Instructional Course Lectures Am Acad Orthop Surg 19: 172, 1970.
Rang M: Ant4010gy of Orthopaedics. Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone, 1966.
Riitt A: Surgery of the Lower Leg and Foot. Translated by G. Stiasny. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1980.
Sarkisian JS, Cody GW: Closed treatment of ankle fractures. A new criterion for evaluation-a review of 250 cases. J Trauma 16: 323, 1976.
Schatzker J, McBroom R, Dzioba R: Irreducible fracture dislocation of the ankle due to posterior dislocation of the fibula. J Trauma 17: 397, 1977.
Sisk TD: In Edmonson AP, Crenshaw AH (eds): Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 6th ed. St. Louis, Mosby, 1980.
Solonen KA, Lauttamus L: Treatment of malleolar fractures. Acta Orthop Scand 36: 321, 1965.
Solonen KA, Lauttamus L: Operative treatment of ankle fractures. Acta Orthop Scand 39: 223, 1968.
Staples OS: Injuries to the medial ligaments of the ankle. J Bone Joint Surg 42A: 1287, 1960.
Staples OS: Ligamentous injuries of the ankle joint. Clin Orthop 42: 21, 1965.
Stimson LA: Pott's fracture at the ankle. NY Med J 55: 701, 1892.
Tanton J: Fractures du Membre Inferieur. Librairie J.-B. Bailliere et Fils Paris, 1916.
Vasli S: Operative treatment of ankle fractures. Acta Chir Scand (Suppl) 226: 1, 1957.
Wagstaffe WW: An unusual form of fracture of the fibula. St Thomas Hosp Rep 6: 43, 1875.
Walheim T: Intra-articular malleolar fractures. A survey. Acta Chir Scand 79: 166, 1937.
Walsh WM, Hughston JC: Unstable ankle fractures in athletes. Am J Sports Med 4: 173, 1976.
Watson-Jones R: Fractures and Other Joint Injuries, 4th ed. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1955.
Weber BG: Die Verletzungen des oberenSprunggelenkes. In: Aktuelle Probleme in der Chirurgie. Bern, Verlag Hans Huber, 1966.
Wilson FC Jr, Skilbred LA: Long-term results in the treatment of displaced bimalleolar fractures. J Bone Joint Surg 48A: 1065, 1966.
Woods RS: Irreducible dislocation of the anklejoint. Br J Surg 29: 359, 1942.
Yde J: The Lauge-Hansen classification of malleolar fractures. Acta Orthop Scand 51: 181, 1980.
Yde J, Kristensen KD: Ankle fractures. Supination-eversion fractures stage II. Primary and late results of operative and non-operative treatment. Acta Orthop Scand 51: 695, 1980.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1984 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hamilton, W.C. (1984). Malleolar Fractures and Dislocations of the Ankle. In: Hamilton, W.C. (eds) Traumatic Disorders of the Ankle. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8233-1_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8233-1_6
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-8235-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-8233-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive