Abstract
Diagnosis of the visceroatrial situs (position and morphology of the atria) is of paramount importance in the analysis of complex congenital cardiac defects. The Latin term situs solitus (SS) is used to indicate normal position of the viscera, including the cardiac atria. The mirror-image presentation of the normal visceroatrial morphology and relationships is termed situs inversus (SI). Thus there are two normal or determinate types of situs. In SS the morphological right atrium (RA ) is on the right side and the morphological left atrium (LA) is on the left side. The liver, the spleen and other noncardiac viscera are also in normal position. In SI the morphological RA is on the left side of the morphological LA, which is right sided. The liver, spleen and other noncardiac viscera also have a mirror-image relationship. The immotile cilia syndrome on occasion is associated with situs inversus (Kartagener triad of SI, sinusitis and bronchiectasis). Table 7–9 is a list of abnormalities of visceroatrial situs.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Bibliography
Abnormalites of Visceroatrial Situs
Brandt HM, Liebelow AA (1968) Right pulmonary isomerism associated with venous, splenic and other anomalies. Lab Invest 7:469–504
Chacko KA (1982) Isolated atrial inversion (letter). Am Heart J 104:885 (See also reply to the letter)
Chandra RS (1974) Biliary atresia and other structural anomalies in the congenital polysplenia syndrome. J Pediatr 85:649–655
Diener KA (1962) Agenesis of the spleen. Presentation of a case without congenital defects of the heart. Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 19:711–715
Elliot LP, Cramer GC, Amplatz K (1966) The anomalous relationship of the inferior vena cava and abnormal aorta as a specific sign of asplenia. Radiology 87:859–863
Elliot LP, Jue KL, Amplatz K (1966) A roentgen classification of cardiac malpositions. Invest Radiol 1:17–28
Espino-Vela J (1978) Septal defect in transposition of great arteries (letter). Am J Cardiol 42:692
Freedom RM (1972) The asplenia syndrome: A review of significant extracardiac structural abnormalities in 29 necropsied patients. J Pediatr 81:1130–1133
Hastreiter AR, Rodriquez-Caronel A (1968) Discordant situs of thoracic and abdominal viscera. Am J Cardiol 22:111–118
Ivemark BI (1955) Implications of agenesis of the spleen on the pathogenesis of cono-truncus anomalies in childhood; an analysis of the heart malformations in the splenic agenesis syndrome, with fourteen new cases. Acta Paediat Scand 44 (suppl 104)
Landing BH (1975) Syndromes of congenital heart disease with tracheobranchial anomalies. Am J Roentgenol 123:679–686
Landing BH, Lawrence TK, Payne VC, Wells TR (1971) Bronchial anatomy in syndromes with abnormal visceral situs, abnormal spleen and congenital heart disease. Am J Cardiol 28:456–462
Lane EJ Jr, Whalen JP (1969) A new sign of left atrial enlargement: Posterior displacement of the left bronchial tree. Radiology 93:279–284
Loosekoot TG (1973) Mirror image dextrocardia with situs solitus of the abdominal organs and a normal heart. Eur J Cardiol 1:49–54
Lucas RV Jr, Neufeld HN, Lester RG, Edwards JE (1962) The symmetrical liver as a roentgen sign of asplenia. Circulation 25:973–975
Moller JH, Nakib MD, Anderson RC, Edwards JE (1967) Congenital heart disease associated with polysplenia. Circulation 36:789–799
Murphy JW, Mitchell WA: (1957) Congenital absence of the spleen. Pediatrics 20:253–256
Partridge J (1979) The radiological evaluation of atrial situs. Clin Radiol 30:95–103
Salazar J, Martinez F, Valero MI, Casado de Frias E (1976) Polysplenia with left ventricular hypoplasia and partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection. Acta Cardiol 31:483–490
Soto B, Pacifico AD, Souza AR, Bargeron LM Jr, Ermocilla R, Tonkin IL (1978) Identification of thoracic isomerism from the plain chest radiograph. Am J Roentgenol 131:995–1002
Spindola-Franco H, Siegelman SS (1969) Segmental agenesis of inferior vena cava with azygos substitution. Angiographic findings. Ann Thorac Surg 8:458–463
Stanger P, Benassi RC, Korns ME, Jul KL, Edwards JE (1968) Diagrammatic portrayal of variations in cardiac structure. Reference to transposition, dextrocardia and the concept of four normal hearts. Circulation 37 (suppl 4): 16
Stanger P, Rudolph AM, Edwards JE (1977) Cardiac malpositions. An overview based on study of 65 necropsy specimens. Circulation 56:159–172
Tonkin IL, Tonkin AK (1982) Visceroatrial situs abnormalities. Sonographic and computed tomographic appearance. Am J Roentgenol 138:509–515
Turner JAP, Corkey CWB, Lee JYC, Levison H, Sturgess J (1981) Clinical expressions of immotile cilia syndrome. Pediatrics 67:805–810
Van Mierop LHS, Eisen S, Schiebler GL (1970) The radiographic appearance of the tracheobronchial tree as an indicator of visceral situs. Am J Cardiol 26:432–435
Van Mierop LHS, Patterson PR, Reynolds RW (1964) Two cases of congenital asplenia with isomerism of the cardiac atria and the sino-atrial nodes. Am J Cardiol 13:407–414
Van Praagh R (1977) Terminology of congenital heart disease. Glossary and commentary (editorial). Circulation 56:139–143
Yarnal JR, Golish JA, Ahmad M, Tomashefski JF (1982) The immotile cilia syndrome. Explanation for many a clinical-mystery. Postgrad Med 71:195–217
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1985 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Spindola-Franco, H., Fish, B.G. (1985). Section 6. In: Radiology of the Heart. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8205-8_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8205-8_14
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-8207-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-8205-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive