Abstract
Metal ions exist in solution only as complexes with a full complement of attached groups known as ligands. In aqueous solution water can be the ligand molecule, e.g. [Ni(H2O) 2+6 ]. The reacting substrates must therefore be potential ligands or dissociate to produce ligands which enter the coordination shell of the metal, either additional to the normal complement of ligands or by the displacement of some of the ligand molecules already there. The substrates are usually nucleophilic substances, molecules or anions, generally with π-electronic systems or electron pairs on a reasonably accessible energy level.
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Chatt, J., Halpern, J. (1973). Homogeneous Catalysis by Metal Ions and Complexes. In: Basolo, F., Burwell, R.L. (eds) Catalysis Progress in Research. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-4577-0_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-4577-0_10
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