Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Tracer Methods in Organic and Biochemical Analysis

  • Chapter
Radiochemical Methods in Analysis

  • 150 Accesses

Abstract

In the 30 years since artificial radioisotopes first became generally available, they have found increasing use as tools in analytical chemistry. Indeed, this area of application of radioisotopic techniques has witnessed an explosive growth in the last decade following the development and increasingly wide­spread exploitation of radioimmunoassay and other saturation assay methods (discussed in detail later in this section) in clinical and research biochemistry. The reasons for this growth, particularly in these fields, are not difficult to identify. Because of the sensitivity and simplicity of isotopic measurement techniques, the reactions in an assay system of exceedingly low concentrations or amounts of a compound under test may be readily monitored. The limits of sensitivity of radioisotopic analytical methods can therefore frequently be extended to levels lower by orders of magnitude than those attainable by many conventional physico-chemical methods, and thereby encompass the exceedingly minute concentrations at which many compounds of biological importance exert their effects in living matter. In consequence, large areas of biomedical science (such as endocrinology) which have hitherto remained shrouded in obscurity for want of analytical techniques of sufficient sensitivity have recently been opened up for the first time to accurate quantitative investigation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Bibliography

  • R. L. Hayes, F. A. Goswitz and B. E. P: Murphy (Editors) Radioisotopes in Medicine: In Vitro Studies, U.S.A.E.C., Oak Ridge, Tennessee, Conf. 671111, (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • J. W. Mcarthur and T. Colton (Editors) Statistics in Endocrinology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Margoulies (Editor) Protein and Polypeptide Hormones, Part I, II and III, Excerpta Medica Foundation, Amsterdam, 1968, (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • E. Diczfalusy (Editor) Karolinska Symposia on Research Methods in Reproductive Endocrinology. 1st Symposium: Immunoassay of Gonadotrophine, Stockholm, 1969. 2nd Symposium: Steroid Assay by Protein Binding, Geneva, (1970). ( Reproductive Endocrinology Research Unit, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm ).

    Google Scholar 

  • K. E. Kirkham and W. M. Hunter (Editors) Radioimmunoassay Methods, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • In Vitro Procedures with Radioisotopes in Medicine, Vienna: I.A.E.A., (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • F. G. Peron and B. V. Caldwell (Editors) Immunologic Methods in Steroid Determination, Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Margoulies and F. C. Greenwood (Editors) Structure-activity Relationships of Protein and Polypeptide Hormones, Excerpta Medica Foundation, Amsterdam, Int. Congr. Ser. No. 241, (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • W. D. Odell and W. H. Daughaday (Editors) Principles of Competitive Protein-Binding Assays, J. B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia and Toronto, (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • S. A. Berson and R. S. Yalow (Editors) Methods in Investigative and Diagnostic Endocrinology, vol. 2a: Peptide Hormones, North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam and London, (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  • P. H. Sönksen (Editor) British Medical Bulletin: Radioimmunoassay and Saturation Analysis, Vol. 30 n. I, Medical Dept., The British Council, London, (1974).

    Google Scholar 

References

  1. D. Shemin and G. L. Foster, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 47, 119 (1946).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. C. C. Lee, L. W. Trevoy, J. W. T. Spinx and L. B. Jaques, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 74, 151 (1950).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. C. Heidelberger, H. I. Hadler and G. WOLF, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 75, 1303 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. R. W. Schayer, J. Biol. Chem., 196, 468 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  5. A. Dimitriadou, P. C. R. Turner and T. R. Fraser, Nature, 197, 446 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. F. P. W. Winteringham, Intern. J. Appl. Radiation Isotopes, 1, 57 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. A. A. Smales and B. D. Pate, Analyst, 77, 188 (1952).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. K. Samsahl, D. Brune and P. O. Wester, Intern. J. AppL Radiation Isotopes, 16, 273 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. R. Ehrenberg, Biochem. Z., 164, 183 (1925).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. A. S. Keston, S. Undenfriend and R. K. CANNAN, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 68, 1390 (1946).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. P. Avivi, S. A. Simpson, J. F. Tait and J. K. Whitehead, Proceedings 2nd Radioisotope Conference (Oxford), (J. E. Johnson, ed.), p. 313, Butterworths, London, (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  12. P. Sorensen, And Chem, 27, 389 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  13. W. M. Stokes, F. C. Hickey and W. A. Fish, Anal. Chem., 28, 207 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. B. L. Brown, W. S. Reith and W. Tampion, Biochem. J., 97, 30P (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  15. A. Riondel, J. F. Tait, M. Gut, S. A. S. Tait, E. Joachim and B. Little, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 23, 620 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. L. E. M. Miles and C. N. Hales, Protein and Polypeptide Hormones. (M. Margoulies, ed.), p. 61, Excerpta Medica Foundation, Amsterdam, (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  17. A. S. KESTON, S. UDENFRIEND and M. LEVY, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 72, 748 (1950).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. J. H. Laragh, J. E. Sealey and P. D. Klein, Proc. I.A.E.A. Symp. on Radiochemical Methods of Analysis, Vol. II p. 353. Vienna, (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  19. A. H. Brodie and J. F. Tait, Methods in Hormone Research. (R. I. Dorfman, ed.), Vol. I, p. 323, Academic Press, New York, (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  20. S. Tanaka and P. Starr, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 19, 84 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. T. Peters, T. J. Giovanniello, L. Apt and J. F. Ross, J. Lab. Clin. Med., 48, 274 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. C. A. Hall and A. E. Finkler, Blood, 27, 611 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. S. Ardeman and I. Chanarin, Brit. J. Haemat., 11, 305 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. V. Herbert, M. Fisher, K-S. Lau, C. Gottlieb, N. R. Gevirtz and L. R. Wassermann, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 16, 385 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  25. W. H. Pearlman and O. Crépy, J. Biol. Chem., 242, 182 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. D. Rodbard and G. H. Weiss, Anal. Biochem., 52, 10 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. A. E. Gurevich, O. B. Kuzovleva and A. E. Tumanova, Biochemistry (N.Y.) 26, 803 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  28. J. C. Hendrick and P. Franchimont, Ann. Biol. Clin., 30, 113 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. J. S. Woodhead, G. M. Addison and C. N. Hales, Brit. Med. Bull., 30, 44 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. F. C. Greenwood, W. M. Hunter and J. S. Glover, Biochem. J., 89, 114 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. L. E. M. Miles and C. N. Hales, Lancet, 2, 492 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. L. E. M. Miles, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 33, 399 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. G. M. Addison, C. N. Hales, J. S. Woodhead and J. L. H. O’riordan, J. Endocrinol., 49, 521 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. G. M. Addison, C. N. Hales, Radioimmunoassay Methods. (K. E. Kirkham and W. M. Hunter eds.), p447, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh,(1971).

    Google Scholar 

  35. E. W. D. Colt, L. E. M. Miles, K. L. Becker and N. J. Shah, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 32, 285 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. A. B. Kurtz, Horm. Metab. Res., 3, 203 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. G. M. Addison, M. R. Beamish, C. N. Hales, M. Hodgkins, A. Jacobs and P. Llewellin, J. Clin. Path., 25, 326 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. G. M. Addison, Personal Communication (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  39. G. M. Addison and C. N. Hales, Horm. Metab. Res., 3, 59 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. J. L. H. O’riordan, G. M. Addison, J. S. Woodhead, H. T. Keutmann and J. T. Potts, Endocrinology (1971), Proceedings of the Third International Symposium, (S. Taylor, ed.), p. 386, Heinemann Medical, London, (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  41. G. M. Besser, D. N. Orth, W. E. Nicholson and J. Woodham, J. Endocrinol, 46, i-ii (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  42. J. F. Habener,G.V.Segre,D.Powell, T.M. Murray and J.T. Potts, Nat. New Biol.,238,152(1972).

    Google Scholar 

  43. C. M. Cling and L. R. Overby, J. Immunol, 109, 834 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  44. C. H. Cameron and D. S. Dane, Brit. Med. Bull., 30, 90 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. L. E. M. Miles, C. P. Bieber, L. F. Eng and D. A. Lipschitz, Proc. I.A.E.A. Symp. on Radioimmunoassay and Related Procedures in Medicine, Vol. I, p. In Press.

    Google Scholar 

  46. J. S. Woodhead, G. M. Addison and C. N. Hales, Brit. Med. Bull., 30, 44 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  47. D. Rodbard and J. E. Lewald, Acta Endocrinol, (Copenhagen), Suppl. 147, 79 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. R. D. Utiger, S.A. Berson ,J.Clin.Invest., 39, 1157(1960).

    Google Scholar 

  49. R.P. Ekins, Clin.Chim. Acta, 5, 453(1960).

    Google Scholar 

  50. R. D. Utiger, M. L. Parker and W. H. Daughaday, J. Clin. Invest., 41, 254 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. R. M. Barakat and R. P. Ekins, Lancet, 2, 25 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. R. H. Unger, A. M. Eisentraut, M. S. Mccall and L. L. Madison, J. Clin. Invest., 40, 1280 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. S. P. Rothenberg,Nature, 206, 1154 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. S. G. Korenman, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 28, 127 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. A. G. Gilman, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (Washington), 67, 305 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. R. J. Lefkowitz, J. Roth and I. Pastan, Science, 170, 633 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. A. L. Steiner, D. M. Kipnis, R. Utiger and C. W. Parker, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (Washington), 64, 367 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. B. L. Brown, R. P. Ekins, S. M. Ellis and E. S. Williams, Further Advances in Thyroid Research. (K. Fellinger and R. Hofer, eds.), Vol. 2, p. 1107, Wiener Medizinischen Akadamie, Vienna, (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  59. G. E. Abraham, Proc. I.A.E.A. Symp. on Radioimmunoassay and Related Procedures in Medicine, Vol. I In Press.

    Google Scholar 

  60. L. Levine and H. Van Vunakis, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 41, 1171 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. B. E. P. Murphy, Radioisotopes in Medicine: In Vitro Studies. ( R. L. Hayes, F. A. Goswitz and B. E. P. Murphy, eds.), p. 3, U.S.A.E.C., Div. Tech. Inform., Oak Ridge, Tenn., (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  62. R. P. Ekins, Protein and Polypeptide Hormones. Excerpta Med. Congress Series no. 161 (M. Margoulies, ed.), p. 672, Excerpta Medica Foundation Amsterdam, (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  63. Statistics in Endocrinology. (J. W. McArther and T. Colton eds.), p. 379, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass. and London, (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  64. R. S. Yalow and S. A. Berson, Radioisotopes in Medicine: In Vitro Studies. ( R. L. Hayes, F. S. Goswitz and B. E. P. Murphy, eds.), p. 7, U.S.A.E.C., Div. Tech. Inform., Oak Ridge, Tenn., (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  65. R. P. Ekins, G. B. Newman and J. L. H. O’riordan, Radioisotopes in Medicine: In Vitro Studies. ( R. L. Hayes, F. S. Goswitz and B. E. P. Murphy, eds.), p. 59, U.S.A.E.C., Div. Tech. Inform., Oak Ridge, Tenn., (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  66. L. B. Macurdy, H. K. Albert, A. A. Benedetti-Pichler, H. Carmichael, A. H. Corwin, R. M. Fowler, E. W. D. Huffman, P. L. Kirk and T. W. Lashof, Anal. Chem., 26, 1190 (1954).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. R. S. Yalow and S. A. Berson, Statistics in Endocrinology. (J. W. McArther and T. Colton, eds.), p. 327, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass. and London, (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  68. R. S. Yalow and S. A. Berson, Protein and Polypeptide Hormones. Excerpta Med. Congress Series no. 161 (M. Margoulies, ed.), p. 71, Excerpta Medica Foundation, Amsterdam, (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  69. S. A. Berson and R. S. Yalow, The Hormones. (G. Pincus, K. V. Thimann and E. B. Astwood, eds.), Vol. IV, p. 557, Academic Press, New York, (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  70. G. H. Morrison and R. K. Skogerboe, Trace Analysis: Physical Methods. (G. H. Morrison, ed.), p. 1, Interscience, New York, (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  71. W. M. Hunter, Protein and Polypeptide Hormones. Excerpta Med. Congress Series no. 161 (M. Margoulies, ed.), p. 551, Excerpta Medica Foundation, Amsterdam, (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  72. H. Kaiser and H. Specker, Z. Analyt. Chem., 149, 46 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  73. R. P. Ekins, Proc. I.A.E.A. Symp. on Radioimmunoassay and Related Procedures in Medicine, Vol. I. In Press.

    Google Scholar 

  74. L. Wide, S. J. Nillius, C. GEM ZELL and P. ROOS, Acta Endocrinol, (Copenhagen), Suppl. 174, (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  75. E. Samols and D. Bilkus, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. N.Y., 115, 79 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. R. P. Ekins and B. Newman, Acta Endocrinol, (Copenhagen), Suppl. 147, 11 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. G. Scatchard, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 51, 660 (1949).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. S. A. Berson and R. S. Yalow, J. Clin. Invest., 38, 1196 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  79. R. P. Ekins and A. M. Sgherzi, Proc. I.A.E.A. Symp. on Radiochemical Methods of Analysis, Vol. I p. 239, Vienna, (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  80. Protein and Polypeptide Hormones. (M. Margoulies ed.), Part 3, p. 612, Excerpta Medica Foundation Amsterdam, (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  81. D. Rodbard and J. A. Cooper, Proc. I.A.E.A. Symp. on In Vitro Procedures with Radioisotopes in Medicine, p. 659, Vienna, (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  82. J. D. M. Albano, R. P. Ekins, G. Martiz and R. C. Turner, Acta Endocrinol. 70, 487 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. R. P. Ekins, G. B. Newman and J. L. H. O’riordan, Statistics in Endocrinology. (J. W. McArther and T. Colton eds.), p. 345, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass. and London, (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  84. R. P. Ekins, G. B. Newman, R. Piyasena, P. Banks and J. D. H. Slater, J. Steroid Biochem., 3, 289 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. A. M. Eisentraut, N. Whissen and R. H. Unger, Am. J. Med. Sci., 255, 137 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. I. J. Chopra, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 34, 938 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. J. Girard and F. C. Greenwood, J. Endocrinol, 40, 493 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. V. Herbert, K. S. Lau, C. W. Gottlieb and S. J. Bleicher, J. Clin. Endocrinol Metab., 25, 1375 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. R. P. Ekins, Protein and Polypeptide Hormones. Excerpta Med. Congress Series no. 161, (M. Margoulies ed.), p. 633, Excerpta Medica Foundation, Amsterdam, (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  90. M. A. Binoux and W. D. Odell, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 36, 303 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. J. D. M. Albano, G. D. Barnes, D. V. Maudsley, B. L. Brown and R. P. Ekins, Anal. Biochem., 60, 130 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. T. H. Liao and J. G. Pierce, J. Biol. Chem., 245, 3275 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. H. S. Jacobs and N. F. Lawton, Brit. Med. Bull., 30, 55 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. D. R. Bangham and P. M. Cotes, Brit. Med. Bull., 30, 12 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. P. M. Cotes, Proc. I.A.E.A. Symp. on Radioimmunoassay and Related Procedures in Medicine, Vol. I In Press.

    Google Scholar 

  96. D. E. Bangham and P. M. Cotes, Radioimmunoassay Methods. (K. E. Kirkham and W. M. Hunter, eds.), p. 345, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  97. G. T. Ross, Principles of Competitive Protein-Binding Assays. (W. D. Odell and W. H. Daughaday, eds.), p. 325, J. B. Lippincott, Philadelphia and Toronto, (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  98. D. R. Bangham and R. Borth, Acta Endocrinol. (Copenhagen), 71, 625 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. D. R. Bangham et al , J.Clin. Endocrinol . Metab., 36, 647 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  100. W. M. Hunter, Brit. Med. Bull., 30, 18 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. W. M. Hunter, Radioimmunoassay Methods. (K. E. Kirkham and W. M. Hunter, eds.), p. 3, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  102. W. R. Butt, J. Endocrinol, 55, 453 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. R. N. Banerjee and R. P. Ekins, Nature, 192, 746 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. U. Rosa, F. Pennisi, R. Bianchi, G. Federighi and L. Donato, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 133, 486 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. P. G. Malan, L. Jayaram, N. J. Marshall and R. P. Ekins, J. Endocrinol,(1974) In Press.

    Google Scholar 

  106. E. Samols and H. S. Williams, Nature, 190, 1211 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. J. J. Marchalonis, Biochem. J., 113, 299 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. M. Morrison, G. S. Bayse and R. G. Webster, Immunochemistry, 8, 289 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. J. I. Thorell and B. G. Johansson, Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 251, 363 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. A. E. Bolton and W. M. Hunter, J. Endocrinol, 55 xxx (abstract) (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  111. A. R. Midgley Jr., G. D. Niswender, V. L. Gay and L. E. Reichert Jr., Recent Prog. Norm. Res., 27, 235 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. E. D. Gilby, S. L. Jeffcoate and R. Edwards, J. Endocrinol, 58, xx (abstract) (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  113. P. W. Nars and W. M. Hunter, J. Endocrinol, 57, xlvii (abstract) (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  114. R. Edwards, E. D. Gilby and S. L. Jeffcoate, Proc. I.A.E.A. Symp. on Radioimmunoassay and Related Procedures in Medicine, Vol. II Vienna, in Press.

    Google Scholar 

  115. A. R. Midgley Jr. and G. D. Niswender, Acta Endocrinol, (Copenhagen), Suppl. 147, 320 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  116. A. L. Steiner, R. E. Wehmann, C. W. Parker and D. M. Kipnis, Advances in Cyclic Nucleotide Research. (P. Greengard and G. A. Robison, eds.), Vol. 2, p. 51, Raven Press, New York, (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  117. A. Friedlander and R E. Cathou, Radioimmunoassay Methods. (K. E. Kirkham and W. M. Hunter, eds.), p. 94, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  118. R. S. Yalow and S. A. Berson, Protein and Polypeptide Hormones. Excerpta Med. Congress Ser. no. 161, (M. Margoulies, ed.), p. 36, Excerpta Medica Foundation, Amsterdam (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  119. R. S. Yalow and S. A. Berson, Trans. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 28, 1033 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. I. M. Roitt, M. F. Greaves, G. Torrigiani, J. Brostoff and J. H. L. Playfair, Lancet, 2, 367 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. H. Wigzell and O. Mäkelä, J. Exp. Med., 132, 110 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. N. A. Mitchison, Eur. J. Immunol, 1, 68 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  123. E. Haber, L. B. Page and G. A. Jacoby, Biochemistry, N.Y., 4, 693 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. C. S. Walker, S. J. Clark and H. H. Wotiz, Steroids, 21, 259 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. B. J. Erlanger, F. Borek, S. M. Beister and S. Lieberman, J. Biol. Chem., 234, 1090 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. B. J. Erlanger, F. Borek, S. M. Beiser and S. Lieberman, J. BioL Chem., 228, 713 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. V. Marks, B. A. Morris and J. D. Teale, Brit. Med. Bull, 30, 80 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. S. L. Jeffcoate, Radioimmunoassay Methods. (K. E. Kirkham and W. M. Hunter, eds.), p. 151, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  129. D. Exley, W. M. Johnson and P. D. G. Dean, Steroids, 18, 605 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. H. R. Lindner, E. Perel, A. Friedlander and A. Zeitlin, Steroids, 19, 357 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. S. L. Jeffcoate and J. E. Searle, Steroids, 19, 181 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. G. D. Niswender and A. R. Midgley, Immunologic Methods in Steroid Determination. (F. G. Peron and B. V. Caldwell, eds.), p. 149, Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York, (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  133. R. E. Tigelaar, R. L. Rapport, J. K. Inman and H. J. Kupferberg, Clin. Chim. Acta, 43, 231 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. B. A. L. Hurn, Brit. Med. Bull., 30, 26 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  135. G. W. Boyd and W. S. Peart, Lancet, 2, 129 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. J. Vaitukaitis, J. B. Robbins, E. NIESCHLAG and G. T. ROSS, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 33, 988 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. G. T. Ross, J. L. Vaitukaitis and J. B. Robbins, Structure-activity Relationships of Protein and Polypeptide Hormones. Excerpta Med. Congress Ser. no. 241, (M. Margoulies and F. C. Greenwood, eds.), p. 153, Excerpta Medica Foundation, Amsterdam, (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  138. D. Schulster, Brit. Med. Bull., 30, 28 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  139. R. J. Lefkowitz, J. Roth and I. Pastan, Science, 170, 633 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  140. R. W. Turkington, J. Clin. Invest., 50, 94a (abstract) (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  141. R. P. Shiu and H. G. Friesen, Clin. Res., 20, 932 (abstract) (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  142. K. J. Catt, M. L. Dufau and T. Tsuruhara, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 32, 860 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. A. R. Wolfsen, H. B. Mcintyre and W. D. Odell, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 34, 684 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. R. A. Mcilhinney and D. Schulster, J. Endocrinol, 57, xlvi (abstract) (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  145. B. L. Brown, J. D. M. Albano, R. P. Ekins, A. M. Scherzi and W. Tampion, Biochem. J., 121, 561 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. S. G. Korenman, Endocrinology, 87, 1119 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. C. Mackie, M. C. Richardson and D. Schulster, FEBS Lett., 23, 345 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. K. E. Rubenstein, R. S. Schneider and E. F. Ullman, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 47, 846 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. J. M. Andrieu, S. Mamas and F. Dray, Proc. I.A.E.A. Symp. on Radioimmunoassay and Related Procedures in Medicine, Vol. II Vienna. In Press.

    Google Scholar 

  150. J. Landon, Steroid Immunoassay. (Tenovus Workshop, Cardiff, April 3–5, 1974) In Press.

    Google Scholar 

  151. R. P. Ekins, Brit. Med. Bull., 30, 3 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. S. A. Berson, R. S. Yalow, A. Bauman, M. A. Rothschild and K. Newerly, J. Clin. Invest., 35, 170 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. W. M. Hunter and F. C. Greenwood, Biochem. J., 91, 43 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. H. Orsov, Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest., 20, 297 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  155. E. Haber, L. B. Page and F. F. Richards, Anal. Biochem., 12, 163 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. W. M. Hunter, Recent Research on Gonadotrophic Hormones. (E. T. Bell and J. A. Loraine, eds.), p. 92, Livingstone, Edinburgh, (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  157. C. W. Gottlieb, K. S. Lau, L. R. Wasserman and V. Herbert, Blood, 25, 875 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. G. Rosselin, R. Assan, R. S. Yalow and S. A. Berson, Nature, 212, 355 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. R. C. Meade and H. M. Klitgaard, J. Nucl. Med., 3, 407 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. E. P. Frenkel, S. Keller and M. S. Mccall, J. Lab. Clin. Med., 68, 510 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. W. D. Odell, J. F. Wilber and W. E. Paul, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 25, 1179 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. L. G. Heding, Labelled Proteins in Tracer Studies. Proc. Conf. held in Pisa, Jan. 1966 (L. Donato, G. Milhaud and J. Sirchis, eds.), p. 345, European Atomic Energy Community, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  163. K. Thomas and J. Ferin, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 28, 1667 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. B. Desbuquois and G. D. Aurbach, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 33, 732 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. G. M. Grodsky and P. H. Forsham, J. Clin. Invest., 39, 1070 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. T. Chard, M. Martin and J. Landon, Radioimmunoassay Methods. (K. E. Kirkham and W. M. Hunter, eds.), p. 283, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  167. M. L. Mitchell and J. Byron, Diabetes, 16, 656 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. R. D. Utiger, M. L. Parker and W. H. Daughaday, J. Clin. Invest., 41, 254 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. C. R. Morgan and A. Lazarow, Diabetes, 12, 115 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  170. C. N. Hales and P. J. Randle, Biochem. J., 88, 137 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. K. Catt and G. W. Tregear, Science, 158, 1570 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. L. Wide and J. Porath, Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 130, 257 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  173. S. Donini and P. Donini, Acta EndocrinoL, (Copenhagen), Suppl. 142, 257 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. F. C. Den Hollander and A. H. W. M. Schuurs, Radioimmunoassay Methods. (K. E. Kirkham and W. M. Hunter, eds.), p. 419, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  175. V. Herbert, K. S. Lau, C. W. Gottlieb and S. J. Bleicher, J. Clin. EndocrinoL Metab., 25, 1375 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  176. G. M. A. Palmieri, R. S. Yalow and S. A. Berson, Horm. Metab. Res., 3, 301 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  177. J. G. Ratcliffe, Brit. Med. Bull., 30, 31 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  178. R. Borth, Acta Endocrinol, (Copenhagen), 65, 453 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  179. W. M. Hunter and P. C. Ganguli, Radioimmunoassay Methods. (K. E. Kirkham and W. M. Hunter, eds.), p. 243, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, (1971).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Nuclear Medicine, The Middlesex Hospital Medical School, Nassau Street, London, W1N 7RL, England

    R. P. Ekins

Authors
  1. R. P. Ekins
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Industry, Laboratory of the Government Chemist, Cornwall House, Stamford Street, London S.E.1, England

    D. I. Coomber

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1975 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ekins, R.P. (1975). Tracer Methods in Organic and Biochemical Analysis. In: Coomber, D.I. (eds) Radiochemical Methods in Analysis. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-4401-8_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-4401-8_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-4403-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-4401-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation