Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Pathology of Lymphoreticular Neoplasms

  • Chapter
Book cover The Immunopathology of Lymphoreticular Neoplasms

Part of the book series: Comprehensive Immunology ((COMIMUN,volume 4))

Abstract

The malignant lymphomas are now acknowledged to be neoplasms of the immune system. The traditional terminology and classifications of the past, including the clinically useful classification of Rappaport (Rappaport et al., 1956), were proposed before the recent dramatic developments in immunology and therefore have no relationship to our modem understanding of immunology. Beginning in 1971, we proposed a conceptually new approach to the understanding of malignant lymphomas (Collins and Lukes, 1971; Lukes and Collins, 1973, 1974a,b). This approach was based on (1) the newly appreciated existence of the T- and B-lymphocytic systems; (2) our hypothesis that lymphomas may arise from aberrations in lymphocyte transformation; and (3) the availability of techniques to identify cells as belonging to the T- or the B-lymphocytic system. In this approach, lymphoma cells are regarded as immune cells that, although defective, function, migrate, “home” to, and reside in tissue sites in ways similar to their normal counterparts. Fundamental to our new functional approach is the follicular center cell (FCC) concept, which has the following bases: (1) FCC are plasma-cell precursors; (2) the follicular center is a site of B-cell transformation; (3) lymphomas of FCC type are observed with both follicular and diffuse histological patterns; and (4) these lymphomas are a group of different cytological types, rather than one lymphoma of follicular structures, previously termed “follicular lymphoma.”

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Abbreviations

Abbreviations used in this chapter:

(ALL) Acute lymphocytic leukemia

CLL:

(CLL) chronic lymphocytic leukemia

(EA) erythrocyte:

antibody complex

(EAC) erythrocyte:

antibody-complement complex

FCC:

(FCC) follicular center cell(s)

(HBLA) human B:

lymphocyte antigen

H chain:

(H chain) heavy chain

(HTLA) human T:

lymphocyte antigen

IBL:

(IBL) immunoblastic lymphadenopathy

IBS:

(IBS) immunoblastic sarcoma

Ig:

(Ig) immunoglobulin

L chain:

(L chain) light chain

(MGP) methyl green:

pyronin stain

(MLR) mixed:

lymphocyte reaction

NSE:

(NSE) nonspecific esterase

(PAS) periodic acid:

Schiff stain

PHA:

(PHA) phytohemagglutinin

PWM:

(PWM) pokeweed mitogen

SIg:

(SIg) surface Ig

SLE:

(SLE) systemic lupus erythematosus

SRBC:

(SRBC) sheep erythrocyte(s)

U cell:

(U cell) undefined cell.

References

  • Aisenberg, A. C., and Long, J. C., 1975, Lymphocyte surface characteristics in malignant lymphoma. Am. J. Med. 58: 300–306.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anagnostou, D., Parker, J. W., Taylor, C. R., Tindle, B. H., and Lukes, R. J., 1977, Lacunar cells of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin’s disease: An ultrastructural and immunohistologic study, Cancer 39: 1032–1043.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bain, B., Vas, M. R., and Lowenstein, L., 1964, The development of large immature mononuclear cells in mixed lymphocyte cultures. Blood 23: 108–116.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barcos, M. P., and Lukes, R. J., 1975, Malignant lymphoma of convoluted lymphocytes: A new entity of possible T-cell type, in: Conflicts in Childhood Cancer ( L. F. Sinks, and J. O. Godden, eds.), pp. 147–178, Alan R. Liss, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, M. H., and Millet, Y. L., 1969, Nodular sclerotic lymphosarcoma: A possible new clinico-pathological entity, Clin. Radiol. 20: 339–343.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, M. H., Farrer-Brown, G., Henry, K., and Jelliffe, A. M., 1974, Classification of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Lancet 2: 405.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berard, C., O’Connor, G. T., Thomas, L. B., and Torloni, H., 1969, Histopathologic definition of Burkitt’s tumour. Bull. W. H. O. 40: 601–607.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berard, C. W., Gallo, R. C., Jaffe, E., Green, I., and Devita, V. T., 1976, Current concepts of leukemia and lymphoma: Etiology, pathogenesis and therapy, Ann. Intern. Med. 85: 351–366.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berger, N. A., and Skinner, A. M., 1974, Characterization of lymphocyte transformation induced by zinc ions, J. Cell Biol. 61: 45–55.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhattacharyza, J. R., 1975, Terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase in human leukemia, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 62: 367.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boldt, D. H., Speckart, S. R., MacDermott, R. P., Nash, G. S., and Valeski, J. E., 1977, Leukemic reticuloendotheliosis: “Hairy cell leukemia,” functional and structural features of the abnormal cell in a patient with profound leukocytosis, Blood 49: 745–757.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braylan, R. C., Jaffe, E. S., and Berard, C. W., 1975, Malignant lymphomas: Current classifications and new observations, in: Pathology Annual, Vol. 10 ( S. C. Sommers, ed.), pp. 213–270, Appleton- Century-Crofts, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brochier, J., Bona, C., Ciorbaru, R., Revillard, J. P., and Chedid, L., 1976, A human T-independent B lymphocyte mitogen extracted from Nocardia opaca, J. Immunol. 117: 1434–1439.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Broder, S., Edelson, R. L., Lutzner, M. A., Nelson, D. L., MacDermott, R. P., Durm, M. E., Goldman, C. K., Meade, B. D., and Waldmann, T. A., 1976, The Sézary syndrome-A malignant proliferation of helper T cells, J. Clin. Invest. 58: 1297–1306.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brouet, J., LaBaume, S., and Seligmann, M., 1975, Evaluation of T and B lymphocyte membrane markers in human non-Hodgkin’s malignant lymphomas, Br. J. Cancer 31 (SuppL 2): 121–127.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caron, G. A., Poutala, S., and Provost, T. T., 1970, Lymphocyte transformation induced by inorganic and organic mercury, Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 37: 76–87.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Catovsky, D., Galetto, J., Okos, A., Milliani, E., and Galton, D. A. G., 1974, Cytochemical profile of B and T leukaemic lymphocytes with special reference to acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, J. Clin. Pathol. 27: 767–771.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Collins, R. D., and Lukes, R. J., 1971, Studies on possible derivation of some malignant lymphomas from follicular center cells. Am. J. Pathol. 62: 63a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davey, F, R., Goldberg, J., Stockman, J., and Gottlieb, A. J., 1976, Immunologic and cytochemical cell markers in non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Lab. Invest. 35: 430–438.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dorfman, R. F., 1974, Classification of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas, Lancet 1: 1295.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dutcher, T. F., and Fahey, J. L., 1959, The histopathology of the macroglobulinemia of Waldenström, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 22: 887–916.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gajl-Peczalska, K. J., Bloomfield, C. D., Coccia, P. F., Sosin, H., Brunning, R. D., and Kersey, J. H., 1975, B and T cell lymphomas, Am. J. Med. 59: 674–685.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gall, E. A., 1958, The reticulum cell: The cytological identity and interrelation of mesenchymal cells of lymphoid tissue, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 73: 120–130.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gerard-Merchant, R., Hamlin, I., Lennert, K., Rilke, F., Stansfeld, A. G., and Van Unnik, J. A. M., 1974, Classification of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas, Lancet 2: 406.

    Google Scholar 

  • Good, R. A., and Finstad, J., 1968, The association of lymphoid malignancy and immunologic functions, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on Leukemia-Lymphoma ( C. J. D. Zarafonetis, ed.), pp. 175–197, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, I. L., Lukes, R. J., O’Brien, R. L., Parker, J. W., Rembaum, A., Russell, R., and Taylor, C. R., 1977, Visualization of surface immunoglobulin of human B lymphocytes using microsphere-immunoglobulin conjugates in Giemsa stained preparations, Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 8: 51–63.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graham, R. C., Jr., and Kamovsky, M. J., 1966, The early stages of absorption of injected horseradish peroxidase in the proximal tubules of mouse kidney: Ultrastructural cytochemistry by a new technique, J. Histochem. Cytochem. 14: 291–302.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Green, I., Jaffe, E., Shevach, E. M., Edelson, R. L., Frank, M. M., and Berard, C. W., 1975, Determination of the origin of malignant reticular cells by the use of surface membrane markers, in: The Reticuloendothelial System, International Academy of Pathology Monograph No. 16 ( J. W. Rebuck, C. W. Berard, and M. R. Abell, eds.), pp. 282–300, Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, J. A., and Good, R. A., 1974, Malignant disease of the lymphoid system in immunologic perspective. Hum. Pathol. 5: 567–599.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hovi, T., Allison, A. C., and Williams, S. C., 1976, Proliferation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes induced by A23187, a Streptomyces antibiotic, Exp. Cell Res. 97: 92–100.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hungerford, D. A., Donnelly, A. J., Nowell, P. C., and Beck, S., 1959, The chromosome constitution of a human phenotypic intersex. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 11: 215–236.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hutton, J. J., and Coleman, M. S., 1975, Terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase in adult leukemia. Blood 46: 1043.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jondal, M., Holm, G., and Wigzell, H., 1972, Surface markers on human T and B lymphocytes, J. Exp. Med. 136: 207–215.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, S. E., Fuks, Z., Bull, M., Kadin, M., Dorfman, R. F., Kaplan, H. S., Rosenberg, S. A., and Kim, H., 1973, Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. IV. Clinico-pathologic correlation in 405 cases. Cancer 32: 682–691.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, J. G., and Bona, C., 1974, Proteases as mitogens: The effect of trypsin and pronase on mouse and human lymphocytes, Exp. Cell Res. 88: 388–394.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, J., Ravindranath, Y., and Peterson, W. D., 1977, Lymphocyte antigen-positive null cell leukemias. Blood 49: 371–378.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kojima, M., and Tsunoda, R., 1976, Localization of immunoglobulins in germinal centers of human tonsils, in: The Reticuloendothelial System in Health and Disease: Immunologic and Pathologic Aspects ( H. Friedman, ed.), pp. 77–86, Plenum Publishing Corp., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kunkel, H. G., 1975, Surface markers of human lymphocytes, Johns Hopkins Med. J. 137: 216–223.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leech, J., Glick, A., Horn, R., and Collins, R., 1975, Immunologic, histochemical and ultrastructural studies of malignant lymphomas presumed to be of follicular center cell origin, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 54: 11–21.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lennert, K., and Mestdagh, J., 1968, Lymphogranulomatosen mit konstant hohem Epitheloidzellgehalt, Virchows Arch. Pathol. Anat. Physiol. 344: 1–20.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lennert, K., Mohri, N., Stein, H., and Kaiserling, E., 1975, The histopathology of malignant lymphomas, Br. J. Haematol. 31 (Suppl. 2): 193–203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lillie, R. D., and Fullmer, H. M., 1976, Histopathologic Technic and Practical Histochemistry, 4th Ed., pp. 52–53, McGraw-Hill, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Long, J. C., and Aisenberg, A. C., 1975, Richter’s syndrome: A terminal complication of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with distinct clinicopathologic features. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 63: 786–795.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lukes, R. J., 1968, The pathological picture of the malignant lymphomas, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on Leukemia-Lymphoma ( C. J. D. Zarafonetis, ed.), pp. 333–356, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lukes, R. J., 1971, Criteria for involvement of lymph node, bone marrow, spleen and liver in Hodgkin’s disease. Cancer Res. 31: 1755–1767.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lukes, R. J., and Collins, R. D., 1973, New observations on follicular lymphoma, in: Gann Monogr. Cancer Res. 15: Malignant Diseases of the Hematopoietic System (K. Akazaki et al, eds,), pp. 209–215, University Park Press, Baltimore-London-Tokyo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lukes, R. J., and Collins, R. D., 1974a, Immunologic characterization of human malignant lymphomas. Cancer 34: 1488–1503.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lukes, R. J., and Collins, R. D., 1974b, A functional approach to the classification of malignant lymphoma. Recent Results Cancer Res. 46: 18–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lukes, R. J., and Collins, R. D., 1975, New approaches to the classification of the lymphomata, Br. J. Cancer 31 (Suppl. 2): 1–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lukes, R. J., and Collins, R. D., 1977, The Lukes-Collins classification and its significance. Conference on the Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas, San Francisco, September 30–0ctober 2, 1976, in: Cancer Treatment Rep. 61: 971–979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lukes, R. J., and Tindle, B. H., 1975, Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy: A hyperimmune entity resembling Hodgkin’s disease, N. Engl. J. Med. 292: 1–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lukes, R. J., Craver, L. L., Hall, T. C., Rappaport, H., and Ruben, P., 1966a, Hodgkin’s disease: Report of Nomenclature Committee, Cancer Res. 26: 1311.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lukes, R. J., Butler, J. J., and Hicks, E. B., 1966b, Natural history of Hodgkin’s disease as related to its pathologic picture. Cancer 19: 317–344.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lukes, R. J., Tindle, B. H., and Parker, J. W., 1969, Reed-Stemberg-like cells in infectious mononucleosis, Lancet 2: 1003–1004.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lutzner, M., Edelson, R., Schein, P., Green, I., Kirkpatrick, C., and Ahmed, A., 1975, Cutaneous T cell lymphoma: The Sezary syndrome, mycosis fungoides and related disorders, Ann. Intern. Med. 85: 534–552.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maino, V. C., Green, N. M., and Crumpton, M. J., 1974, The role of calcium ions in initiating transformation of lymphocytes. Nature (London) 251: 324–327.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mann, R. B., Jaffe, E. S., Braylan, R. C., Nanba, K., Frank, M. M., Ziegler, J. L., and Berard, C. W., 1976, Non-endemic Burkitt’s lymphoma: A B-cell tumor related to germinal centers, N. Engl. J. Med. 295: 685–691.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mason, D. Y., and Taylor, C. R., 1975, The distribution of muramidase (lysozyme) in human tissues, J. Clin. Pathol. 28: 124.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCaffrey, A., Smoler, D. F., and Baltimore, D., 1973, Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferases in a case of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, Proc. Nad. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 70: 521–525.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nossal, G. J. V.. Abbot, A., Mitchell, J., and Lummus, Z., 1968, Antigens in immunity. XV. Ultrastructural features of antigen capture in primary and secondary lymphoid follicles, J. Exp. Med. 127: 277–289.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nowell, P. C., 1960, Phytohemagglutinin: An initiator of mitosis in cultures of normal human leukocytes, Cancer Res. 20: 462–466.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Brien, R. L., and Parker, J. W., 1976, Oxidation-induced lymphocyte transformation: A review. Cell 7: 13–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Brien, R. L., Parker, J. W., and Dixon, J. F. P., 1978, Mechanisms of lymphocyte transformation, in: Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology, Vol. 6 (F. Hahn, ed.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohnuma, T., Orlowski, M., Minowada, J., and Holland, J. F., 1976, Differences in amino acid metabolism of human T- and B-cells in culture, presented at the Proceedings of the 16th Interna-tional Congress of Hematology, Kyoto, Japan, September 5–11, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oppenheim, J. J., and Rosenstreich, D. L., 1976, Signals regulating in vitro activation of lymphocytes, Prog. Allergy 20: 65–194.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Order, S. E., and Hellman, S., 1972, Pathogenesis of Hodgkin’s disease, Lancet l;571–573.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, J. W., Steiner, J., Coffin, A., Lukes, R. J., Burr, K., and Brilliantine, L., 1969, Blastomitogenic agents in Leguminosae and other families, Experientia 25: 187–188.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parker, J. W., Royston, A. I., Pattengale, P., Taylor, C. R., Tindle, B. H., Cain, M. J., and Lukes, R. J., 1978, Morphological differences between cultured human B and T lymphoblastoid cell lines: A light and electron microscopic and cytochemical study, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 60(in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearmain, G., Lycette, R. R., and Fitzgerald, P. H., 1963, Tuberculin-induced mitosis in peripheral blood leucocytes. Lancet 1: 637–638.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Preud’homme, J. L., and Seligmann, M., 1974, Surface immunoglobulins on human lymphoid cells. Prog. Clin. Immunol. 2: 121–174.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rappaport, R., Winter, W. J., and Hicks, E. B., 1956, Follicular lymphoma: Re-evaluation of its position in the scheme of malignant lymphoma, based on survey of 253 cases. Cancer 9: 792–821.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Riccardi, A., Piazza, R., and Perugini, S., 1976, Deoxyribonucleic acid content of cleaved and non- cleaved cells in follicular center cell lymphomas: A cytofluorometric study, Haematologica 61: 170–183.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richter, M. N., 1928, Generalized reticular cell sarcoma of lymph nodes associated with lymphatic leukemia. Am. J. Pathol. 4: 285–292.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosen, P. J., Feinstein, D. L, Bonorris, J. M., Parker, J. W., Pattengale, P. K., Tindle, B. H., and Lukes, R. J., 1975, Convoluted lymphocytic (T-cell) lymphoma: A distinct clinical-pathologic entity. Annual Meeting of the American Society of Hematology, Dallas, Texas, Dec. 8, 1975 (abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlossman, S. F., Chess, L., Humphreys, R. E., and Strominger, J. L., 1976, Distribution of la-like molecules on the surface of normal and leukemic human cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73: 1288–1292.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, B. K., Higgins, G. R., Swanson, V., Isaacs, H., Tindle, B. H., and Lukes, R. J., 1978, Malignant lymphomas of childhood (submitted).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schöpf, E., Schulz, K. H., and Grom, M., 1967, Transformationen und Mitosen von Lymphocyten in vitro durch Quecksilber (II)-chlorid, Naturwissenschaften 54: 568–569.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stein, H., Peterson, N., Gaedicke, G., Lennert, K., and Landberg, C., 1976, Lymphoblastic lymphoma of convoluted or acid phosphatase type-A tumor of T precursor cells, Int. J. Cancer 17: 292–295.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, C. R., 1976a, An immunohistological study of follicular lymphoma, reticulum cell sarcoma and Hodgkin’s disease, Eur. J. Cancer 12: 61–75.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, C. R., 1976b, Hodgkin’s Disease and the Lymphomas, Annual Research Reviews (D. F. Horrobin, ed.), Eden Press, Montreal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, C. R., and Mason, D. Y., 1974, The immunohistological detection of intracellular immunoglobulin in formalin-paraffin sections from multiple myeloma and related conditions using the immune-peroxidase technique, Clin. Exp. Immunol. 18: 417–429.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, C. R., Gordon, I. L., Rembaum, A., Russell, R., Parker, J. W., O’Brien, R. L., and Lukes, R. J., 1977, Human B lymphocytes in Giemsa stained preparations, J. Immunol. Methods 17: 81–89.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tindle, B. H., Parker, J. W., and Lukes, R. J., 1972, “Reed-Sternberg cells” in infectious mononucleo-sis?, Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 58:607–617.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toyoshima, S., Osawa, T., and Tonomura, A., 1970, Some properties of purified phytohemagglutinin from Lens culinaris seeds, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 21: 514–521.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vischer, T. L., 1974, Stimulation of mouse B lymphocytes by trypsin, J. Immunol. 113: 58–62.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waxdal, M. J., and Basham, T. Y., 1974, B and T-cell stimulatory activities of multiple mitogens from pokeweed. Nature (London) 251: 163–164.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein, Y., Chambers, D. A., Bourne, H. R., and Melmon, K. L., 1974, Cyclic GMP stimulates lymphocyte nucleic acid synthesis. Nature (London) 251: 352–353.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein, Y., Segal, S., and Melmon, K. L., 1975, Specific mitogenic activity of 8-Br-guanosine 3’,5’-monophosphate (Br-cyclic GMP) on B lymphocytes, J. Immunol. 115: 112–117.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolner, N., Lieberman, P., Exelby, P., Dongio, G., Burcheval, J., Fang, S., and Murphy, M. L., 1975, Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in children: Results of treatment with LSA-L protocol, Br. J. Cancer 31 (Suppl. 2): 337.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yam, L. T., Li, C. Y., and Crosby, W. H., 1971a, Cytochemical identification of monocytes and granulocytes. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 55: 283–290.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yam, L. T., Li, C. Y., and Lam, K. W., 1971b, Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase isoenzyme in the reticulum cells of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis, N. Engl. J. Med. 284: 357–360.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yeckley, J. A., Weston, W. L., Thome, G., and Kruger, G. G., 1975, Production of Sezary-like cells from normal human lymphocytes. Arch. Dermatol. 111: 29–32.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida, T., Edelson, R., Cohen, S., and Green I., 1975, Migration inhibitory activity in serum and cell supernatants in patients with Sézary syndrome, J. Immunol. 114: 915–918.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Robert J. Lukes & John W. Parker

  2. Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical Center, USA

    Robert J. Lukes & John W. Parker

Authors
  1. Robert J. Lukes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. John W. Parker
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Veterans Administration Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA

    J. J. Twomey M.B. (N.U.I.), F.A.C.P.

  2. Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York, USA

    Robert A. Good Ph.D., M.D.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1978 Plenum Publishing Corporation

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lukes, R.J., Parker, J.W. (1978). The Pathology of Lymphoreticular Neoplasms. In: Twomey, J.J., Good, R.A. (eds) The Immunopathology of Lymphoreticular Neoplasms. Comprehensive Immunology, vol 4. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-4015-7_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-4015-7_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-4017-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-4015-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation