Abstract
The need for effective radiosensitizers and protectors is well illustrated by the problem of treating tumors of the head and neck region. Although local control of early stage (T1, T2) tumors is excellent for all sites, control of larger (T3, T4) tumors, with the exception of the nasopharynx, is extremely poor and never above 50–60% [1–4]. Local control can be improved by the combination of radiotherapy with radical surgery however such treatment is extremely morbid and far from 100% effective. The use of an effective radiosensitizer or protector would be expected to improve local control probability without an increase in treatment morbidity.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Fletcher GH, Lindberg RD, Caderao JB, Wharton JT: Hyperbaric oxygen as a radiotherapeutic adjuvant in advanced cancer of the uterine cervix. Preliminary results of a randomized trial. Cancer 39: 617–623, 1977.
Fazekas JT, Sommer C, Kramer S: Adjuvant intravenous methotrexate or definitive radiotherapy alone for advanced squamous cancers of the oral cavity, oropharynx, supraglottic larynx or hypopharynx. Concluding report of an RTOG randomized trial on 638 patient. Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys 6: 533–541, 1980.
Fletcher GH: Place of irradiation in the management of head and neck cancers. Semin Oncol 4: 375–385, 1977.
Hoppe RT, Goffinet DR, Bagshaw MA: Carcinoma of the nasopharynx. Eighteen years experience with megavoltage radiation therapy. Cancer 37: 2605–2612, 1976.
Rubin P, Cooper RA Jr (eds): Radiation Biology and Radiation Pathology Syllabus. Chicago, American College of Radiology, 1975, pp 207–216.
Fletcher GH: The third annual lectureship of the Juan A. Del Regato Foundation. Squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx. Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys 5: 2075–2090, 1979.
Perez CA, Lee FA, Ackerman LV, Korba A, Purdy J, Powers WE: Carcinoma of the tonsillar fossa, significance of dose of irradiation and volume treated in the control of the primary tumor and matastatic neck nodes. Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys 1: 817–827, 1976.
Weichselbaum RR, Schmit A, Little JB: Cellular repair factors influencing radiocurability of human malignant tumours. Br J Cancer 45: 10–16, 1982.
Hall EJ: Radiobiology for the radiologist. 2nd edn. New York: Harper & Row, 1978, pp 3–12, 79–92.
Whithers HR, Peters LJ: In: Fletcher GH (ed) Textbook of Radiotherapy. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger 1980, pp 103–148.
Denekamp J, Hirst DG, Stewart FA, Terry NHA: Is tumour radiosensitization by misonidazole a general phenomenon? Br J Cancer 41: 1–9, 1980.
Ritter MA, Brown DQ, Glover DJ, Yuhas JM: in vitrostudies on the absorption of WR-2721 by tumors and normal tissues. Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys 8: 523–526, 1982.
Yuhas JM: On the potential application of radioprotective drugs in solid tumor radiotherapy. In: Sokol GH, Maickel RP (ed) Radiation-Drug Interactions in the Treatment of Cancer. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1980, pp 113–135.
Yuhas JM, Spellman JM, Culo F: The role of WR-2721 in radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. Cancer Clin Trials 3: 211–216, 1980.
Henk JM: Does hyperbaric oxygen have a future in radiation therapy? Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys 7: 1125–1128, 1981.
Henk JM, Kunkler PB, Smith CW: Radiotherapy and hyperbaric oxygen in head and neck cancer. Final report of first controlled clinical trial. Lancet 16: 101–103, 1977.
Henk JM, Smith CW: Radiotherapy and hyperbaric oxygen in head and neck cancer. Interim report of second clinical trial. Lancet 16: 104–105, 1977.
Sause WT, Plenk HP: Radiation therapy of head and neck tumors: A randomized study of treatment in air vs. treatment in hyperbaric oxygen. Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys 5: 1833–1836, 1979.
Urtasun RC, Chapman JD, Band P, Rabin HR, Fryer CG, Sturmwind J: Phase I study of high-dose metronidazole: A specific inin vivoand in vitroradiosensitizer of hypoxic cells. Radiology 117: 129–133, 1975.
Frytak S, Moertel CG, Childs DS, Albers JW: Neurologic toxicity associated with high-dose metronidazole therapy. Ann Int Med 88: 361–362, 1978.
Urtasun R, Band P, Chapman JD, Feldstein ML, Mielke B, Fryer C: Radiation and high- dose metronidazole in supratentorial glioblastomas. N Engl J Med 294: 1364–1367, 1976.
Adams GE, Clarke ED, Flockhart IR, Jacobs RS, Sehmi DS, Stratford IJ, Wardman P, Watts ME: Structure-activity relationships in the development of hypoxic cell radiosensitizers. I. Sensitization efficiency. Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys 35: 133–150, 1979.
Wasserman TH, Phillips TL, Johnson RJ, Gover CJ, Lawrence GA, Sadee W, Marques RA, Levin V, VanRaalte G: Initial clinical and pharmacologic evaluation of Misonidazole (ro- 07–0582) an hypoxic cell radiosensitizer. Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys 5: 775–786, 1979.
Dische S, Saunders MI, Flockhert IR, et al.: Misonidazole –A drug for trial in radiotherapy and oncology. Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys 5: 851–860, 1979.
Phillips TL, Wasserman TH, Johnson RJ, Levin VA, VanRaalte G: Final report on the United States phase I clinical trial of the hypoxic cell radiosensitizer, Misonidazole (Ro-07–0582; NSC #261037). Cancer 48: 1697–1704, 1981.
Thomas GM, Rauth AM, Black RE, Cummings BJ, Norenti VL, Bush RS: A phase I study of misonidazole and pelvic irradiation in patients with carcinoma of cervix. Br J Cancer 45: 860–868, 1982.
Schwade JG, Strong JM, Gangji D: I.V. Misonidazole (NSC 261037). Report of initial clinical experience. In: Brady LW (ed) Radiation Sensitizers: Their use in the Clinical Management of Cancer. New York: Masson Publishing, 1980, pp 414–420.
Dische S: Hypoxic cell sensitisers in radiotherapy. Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys 4: 157–160, 1978.
Ash DV, Smith MR, Bugden RD: Distribution of misonidazole in human tumours and normal tissues. Br J Cancer 39: 503–509, 1979.
Gangji D, Schwade JG, Strong JM: Phenytoin-Misonidazole: Possible metabolic interaction. Cancer Treat Rep 64: 155–156, 1980.
Walker MD, Strike TA: Misonidazole peripheral neuropathy. Its relationship to plasma concentration and other drugs. Cancer Clin Trials 3: 105–109, 1980.
Fazekas JT, Goodman RL, McLean CJ: The value of adjuvant misonidazole in the definitive irradiation of advanced and neck squamous cancer: an RTOG pilot study (#78–02). Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys 7: 1703–1708, 1981.
Wasserman TH, Stetz J, Phillips TL: Radiation Therapy Oncology Group clinical trials with misonidazole. Cancer 47: 2382–2390, 1981.
Sealy R, Williams A, Cridland S, Stratford M, Minchinton A, Hallet C: A report on misonidazole in a randomized trial in locally advanced head and neck cancer. Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys 8: 339–342, 1982.
Arcangeli G, Mauro F, Nervi C: Multiple daily fractionation (MDF) in association with misonidazole (MIS): A two-year experience with head and neck cancer. In: Breccia A, Kimondi C, Adams GE (eds) Advanced topics on radiosensitizers of hypoxic cells. Plenum Press, New York, 1982, pp 249–260.
Horiot JC, VanDenBogaert W, Ang KK, Chaplain G, VanDerSchueren E, Nabid A, Vessiere M: EORTC experience with misonidazole combined with multiple daily fractionated (MDF) radiotherapy. Proc of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, June 1982.
VanDenBogaert W, VanDerSchueren E, Horiot JC, Chaplain G, Arcangeli G, Gonzalez D, Svoboda V: The feasibility of high-dose multiple daily fractionation and its combination with anoxic cell sensitizers in the treatment of head and neck cancer. Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys 8: 1649–1655, 1982.
Henk Jm: Misonidazole: MRC trials-head and neck. Proc of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, June 1982.
Bataini JP, Brunin F, AsselainB, Jaulerry C, Brugere J: Experience of using misonidazole in advanced head and neck cancer at the Institut Curie. Proc of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, June 1982.
Overgaard J, Andersen AP, Jensen RH, Hjelm-Hansen M, Jorgensen K, Petersen M, Sandberg E, Sand-Hansen H: Misonidazole as an adjuvant to radiotherapy of carcinoma of the larynx and the pharynx –A preliminary report of the Danish head and neck cancer study. Proc of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, June 1982.
Adams GE: Hypoxia-Mediated drugs for radiation and chemotherapy. Cancer 48: 696–709, 1981.
Moulder JE: Dependence of misonidazole radiosensitization on drug and radiation schedules. Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys 8: 75, 1982.
Brown JM: Clinical trials of radiosensitizers: What should we expect? Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys 10: 475–479, 1984.
Brown JM, Lee WW: Pharmacokinetic considerations in radiosensitizer development. In: Bredy LW (ed) Radiation Sensitizers: Their Use in the Clinical Management of Cancer. New York: Masson Publishing, 1980, pp 2–13.
Brown JM, Workman P: Partition coefficient as a guide to the development of radiosensitizers which are less toxic than misonidazole. Radiat Res 82: 171–190, 1980.
Brown JM: Clinical perspectives for the use of new hypoxic cell sensitizers. Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys 8: 1491–1497, 1982.
Coleman CN, Wasserman TH, Phillips TL, et al: Initial pharmacology and toxicology of intravenous desmethylmisonidazole. Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys 8: 371–375, 1982.
Dische S, Saunders MI, Stratford MRL: Neurotoxicity with desmethylmisonidazole. Br J Radiol 1 54: 156–157, 1981.
Wasserman TH, Coleman CN, Urtasun R, Phillips TL, Strong J: Final Report: Phase I trial of desmethylmisonidazole (DMM) –an hypoxic cell sensitizer. Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys 8: 76, 1982.
Wasserman TH, Coleman Cn, Urtasun R, Phillips Tl, Nelson J, Von Gerichten D: Neuropathy of desmethylmisonidazole (DMM): Clinical and pathological description. Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys 8: 77, 1982.
Dische S, Saunders MI, Riley PJ, Hauck J, Bennett MH, Stratford MRL, Minchinton Al: The concentration of desmethylmisonidazole in human tumours and in cerebrospinal fluid. Br J Cancer 43: 344–349, 1981.
Chin JB, Rauth AM: The metabolism and pharmacokinetics of the hypoxic cell radiosensitizer and cytotoxic agent, misonidazole, in C3H mice. Radiation Res 86: 341–357, 1981.
Born JL, Hadley WM, Anderson SL, Yuhas JM: Host and hypoxic cell toxicity studies with the terminal reduction product of misonidazole. In: Brady LW (ed) Radiation Sensitizers: Their Use in the Clinical Management of Cancer, New York: Masson Publishing, 1980, pp 79–82.
Stanulovic M: Metabolic and Drug-induced inactivation of vitamin B6. In: Tryfiates GP (ed) Vitamin B6 Metabolism and Role in Growth, Westport, Conn: Foods & Nutrition Press, Inc. 1980, pp 113–136.
Eifel PJ, Brown DM, Lee WW, Brown JM: Misonidazole neurotoxicity in mice decreased by administration with pyridoxine. Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys 9: 1513–1519, 1983.
Williams MV, Chir B, Denekamp J, Minchinton Al, Stratford MRL: In vivotesting of a 2-nitroimidazole radiosensitizer (Ro 03–8799) using repeated administration. In: Sutherland RM (ed) Chemical Modification: Radiation and Cytotoxic Drugs. New York: Pergamon Press, 1982, p 593.
Stratford, Minchinton Al, Hill SA, McNally NJ, Williams MV, Chir B: Pharmacokinetic studies using multiple administration of RO 03–8799, A 2-nitroimidazole radiosensitizer. In: Sutherland RM (ed) Chemical Modification: Radiation and Cytotoxic Drugs. New York: Pergamon Press, 1982, p469.
Saunders MI, Dische S, Fermont D, Bischop A, Lenox-Smith I, Allen JG, Malcolm SL: The radiosensitizer Ro-03–8799 and the concentrations which may be achieved in human tumours: A preliminary study. Br J Cancer 46: 706–710, 1982.
Blumberg AL, Nelson DF, Gramkowski M, et al: Clinical trials of WR2721 with radiation therapy. Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys 8: 561–564, 1982.
Glick JH, Glover DJ, Weiler C, et al: Phase I clinical trials of WR-2721 with alkylating agent chemotherapy. Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys 8: 575–580, 1982.
Fahey RC, Dorian R, Utley JF: New Methods for analysis of WR-24721, WR-1065, and WR-33278. In: Conference on Chemical Modification: Radiation and Cytotoxic Drugs. Key Biscayne, FL, 107: 81, 1981.
Yuhas JM, Spellman JM, Culo F: The role of WR-2721 in radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. In: Brady LW (ed) Radiation Sensitizers: Their Use in the Clinical Management of Cancer. New York: Manor Publishing, 1980, pp 303–308.
Phillips TL: Rationale for initial clinical trials and future development of radioprotectors. Cancer Clin Trials 3: 165–173, 1980.
Evans RG, Engel C, Wheatley C, Nielsen J: Modification of the sensitivity and repair of potentially lethal damage by diethyldithiocarbamate during and following exposure of plateau-Phase cultures of mammalian cells to radiation and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II). Cancer Res 42: 3074–3078, 1982.
Rose CM, Millar JL, Peacock JH, Phelps TA, Stephens T: Differential enhancement of melphalan cytotoxicity in tumpour and normal tissue by misonidazole. In: Brady LW (ed) Radiation Sensitizers: Their Use in the Clinical Management of Cancer. New York: Manor Publishing, 1980, p405.
McNally NJ: Enhancement of chemotherapy agents. In: Sutherland RM (ed) Chemical Modification: Radiation and Cytotoxic Drugs. New York: Pergamon Press, 1982, p593.
Siemann DW: Potentiation of chemotherapy by hypoxic cell radiation sensitizers a review. Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys 8: 1029–1034, 1982.
Brown JM, Hirst DG: The effect of clinically achievable exposure levels of misonidazole on the response of tumour and normal tissues in mouse to alkylating agents. Br J Cancer 45: 700–708, 1982.
Nakatsugawa S, Sugahara T: Effects of inhibitors of radiation-induced potentially lethal damage repair on chemotherapy in murine tumors. Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys 8: 1555–1559, 1982.
Weichselbaum RR, Little JB: Repair of potentially lethal x ray damage and possible applications to clinical radiotherapy. Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys 9: 91–96, 1982.
Stratford IJ, Adams GE, Horsman MR, Kandaiya S, Rajaratnam S, Smith E, Williamson C: The interaction of misonidazole with radiation, chemotherapeutic agents or heat. A preliminary report. Cancer Clin Trials 3: 231–236, 1980.
Taylor YC, Evans JW, Brown JM: Mechanism of sensitization of cells to melphalan by hypoxic treatment with misonidazole. Cancer Res 43: 3175–3181, 1983.
Coleman CN, Friedman MK, Jacobs C, Halsey J, Ignoffo R, Leibel S, Hirst K, Gribble M, Carter SK, Phillips TL: Phase I trial of intravenous melphalan plus the sensitizer misonidazole. Cancer Res 1983 (in press).
Yuhas JM: Differential protection of normal and malignant tissues against the cytotoxic effects of mechlorethamine. Cancer Treat Rep 63: 971–976, 1979.
Yuhas JM, Culo F: Selective inhibition of the nephrotoxicity of cis-dichlorodiamminepla- tinum (II) by WR-2721 without altering its antitumor properties. Cancer Treat Rep 64: 57–64, 1980.
Shrieve DC, Harris JW: Protection against cis-dichlorodiammine pt (II) cytotoxicity in vitroby cysteamine. Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys 8: 585–588, 1982.
Wasserman TH, Phillips STL, Roxx G, Kane LJ: Differential protection against cytotoxic chemotherapeutic effects on bone marrow CFU’s by WR-2721. Cancer Clin Trials 4: 3–6, 1981.
Phillips TL, Yuhas JM, Wasserman TH: Differential protection against alkylating agent injury in tumors and normal tissues. In: Proc Natl Conference on Radioprotectors. Academic Press, 1983.
Howell SB, Pfeifle CL, Wung WE, Olshen RA, Lucas WE, Yon JL, Green M: Intraperitoneal cisplatin with systemic thiosulfate protection. Ann Int Med 97: 845–851, 1982.
Howell SB, Pfeifle CE, Wung WE, Olshen RA: Intraperitoneal cis-diamminedichloroplatinum with systemic thiosulfate protection. Cancer Res 43: 1426–1431, 1983.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1984 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Boston
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Coleman, C.N., Wasserman, T.H. (1984). Chemical modifiers of radiation and chemotherapy: tumor sensitization and normal tissue protection. In: Wolf, G.T. (eds) Head and Neck Oncology. Cancer Treatment and Research, vol 22. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3816-1_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3816-1_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-3818-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-3816-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive