Abstract
An individual elementary/atomic particle kept at rest in free space for extended periods, is an ideal object for high resolution spectroscopy. All external causes for line broadening or shifts such as 1. and 2. order Doppler and transit time effects as well as Zeeman or Stark effects are eliminated for such a system. This ideal has been approximated most closely so far in experiments on an individual Ba+ ion localized in a Paul (rf) quadrupole trap to ∿2000Å by optical side band cooling and made visible, all accomplished by means of laser
Mono-electron oscillator mode of electron in Penning trap, the Geonium “atom.” The electron moves only parallel to the magnetic field →B and along the symmetry axis of the electrode structure. Each time it gets too close to one of the negatively charged caps it is turned around and an oscillatory motion results.
beams. High resolution spectroscopy on an individual electron/positron localized to <200 µm by rf side band cooling in a Penning trap employing a 50 kG field has already yielded the most precise data on the magnetic moments of these particles and also provided a severe test of the CPT theorem for charged elementary particles. Furthermore, localization of an elementary particle in space is one of the most fundamental problems in physics and worthy of study on its own merit.
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Dehmelt, H. (1983). Stored-Ion Spectroscopy. In: Arecchi, F.T., Strumia, F., Walther, H. (eds) Advances in Laser Spectroscopy. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3715-7_6
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