Abstract
The far-infrared (FIR) part of the electromagnetic spectrum (1 mm – 30 µm) has been investigated far less than other regions, mainly because of the lack of suitable photon sources. Only in the past decade has the situation changed dramatically as a consequence of the discovery of the optically pumped FIR laser. Both spectral sources and fluorescent detection in the FIR cannot be realized in the laboratory since in spontaneous emission the transition rate is proportional to v3. Only the black-body was available as a source before the discovery of the laser. Also, classical linear absorption spectroscopy leads to unsatisfactory results in the FIR. In fact, the relative Doppler linewidth ΔvD/v ≃10−6 is independent of frequency. But on the other hand, any spectroscope based either on diffraction or interference (λ measurement) is scaled proportional to λ. Its size for the FIR must be about 100 times larger than for the visible in order to reach the same resolving power. A very high resolution with laboratory-size equipment can be obtained only in a frequency measuring apparatus. It has been practically realized by using the MIM diode and heterodyne techniques [1]. Again, this method works properly only with such highly monochromatic and coherent sources as the laser. Thus, high-resolution spectroscopy could not be extended to the FIR region before the discovery of the laser.
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Strumia, F. (1983). High Resolution Laser Spectroscopy in the Far Infrared. In: Arecchi, F.T., Strumia, F., Walther, H. (eds) Advances in Laser Spectroscopy. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3715-7_11
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