Abstract
If one repeatedly measures the same observable of a macroscopic system at steady-state, one finds each time a slightly different result, even in the limit of negligible experimental error. This fact is usually described by saying that the value of the observable fluctuates. The very cause of this phenomenon is that we have no control on the microscopic variables of the system. The underlying microscopic structure of the macroscopic system makes itself manifest just via the fluctuations.
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© 1983 Plenum Press, New York
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Casagrande, F., Lugiato, L.A. (1983). Fluctuations in Quantum Optical Systems. In: Meystre, P., Scully, M.O. (eds) Quantum Optics, Experimental Gravity, and Measurement Theory. NATO Advanced Science Institutes Series, vol 94. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3712-6_11
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3712-6_11
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