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Lactation pp 49–102Cite as

The Mechanisms of Milk Secretion

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Introduction and Overview

Milk secretion occurs in all mammals, the presence of mammary glands being one of the important criteria distinguishing this class from all others. Although the location and external form of the mammary gland differ from one species to another, the mechanisms of milk production are remarkably similar. Milk is produced by epithelial cells which line the mammary alveoli and is stored in the alveolar lumina adjacent to these cells. During ejection, the milk is forced from the alveoli by contraction of surrounding myoepithelial cells and exits through ductules into ducts which drain several clusters of alveoli. In the human, small ducts coalesce into 15 to 25 larger ducts which dilate into small sinuses as they near the areolus. These ducts open directly on the nipple (see Chapter 2 for a more extensive discussion of the anatomy of the human mammary gland). In other animals, the ducts may empty into a single primary duct or a cistern which in turn is drained by a single teat canal. These structures may provide additional milk storage, particularly in dairy animals.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, 80262, USA

    Margaret C. Neville & Jonathan C. Allen

  2. Department of Biology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont, 05753, USA

    Christopher Watters

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  1. Margaret C. Neville
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  2. Jonathan C. Allen
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 80262, Denver, Colorado, USA

    Margaret C. Neville Ph.D.

  2. Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 80262, Denver, Colorado, USA

    Marianne R. Neifert M.D.

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Neville, M.C., Allen, J.C., Watters, C. (1983). The Mechanisms of Milk Secretion. In: Neville, M.C., Neifert, M.R. (eds) Lactation. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3688-4_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3688-4_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-3690-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-3688-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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