Abstract
It was not known until the discovery by William Herschel in 1800 that heat is a form of electromagnetic energy. Radiation in the infrared (IR) region with wavelength ranging from about 0.8 to 4000 μm constitutes that part of the electromagnetic spectrum which shows the greatest heating effect. Ever since this discovery, a large number of useful devices(1) have emerged. One very important class of these devices used for detection and imaging purposes is based on the fact that all bodies at temperatures above absolute zero emit radiation in the IR region which can be detected using suitable detectors.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
K. L. Chopra and D. K. Pandya, Thin Solid Films 50, 81 (1978).
E. H. Putley, in Topics in Applied Physics, Vol. 19: Optical and Infrared Detectors, R. J. Keyes, ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1977), p. 82.
K. L. Chopra, Thin Film Phenomena, McGraw-Hill, New York (1969), p. 598.
K. L. Chopra and S. K. Bahl, Phys. Rev. Sect. B 1, 2545 (1970).
K. L. Chopra and S. K. Bahl, J. Appl. Phys. 40, 4171 (1969).
A. David Pearson, in Modern Aspects of the Vitreous State, Vol. 3, J. D. MacKensie, ed., Butterworths, Washington (1964), p. 29.
S. G. Bishop and W. J. Moore, Appl. Opt. 12, 80 (1973).
T. D. Moustakas and G. A. N. Connell, J. Appl. Phys. 47, 1322 (1976).
K. Yoshihara, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 14, Suppl. 14-1 (1975).
J. J. Brissot, F. Desvignes, and R. Martres, IEEE Trans. Electron. Devices 20, 613 (1978).
J. J. Brissot and R. Martres, Ann. Chin. (Paris) 10, 185 (1975).
G. A. Zaitsev, V. G. Stashkov, and I. A. Krebtov, Cryogenics 16, 440 (1976).
G. Gallinaro and R. Varona, Cryogenics 15, 292 (1975).
M. Chester, Phys. Rev. 145, 76 (1966).
R. J. Von Gutfeld, A. H. Nethercot, Jr., and J. A. Armstrong, Phys. Rev. 142, 247 (1966).
M. Melloni, Ann. Phys. 28, 371 (1833).
K. L. Chopra and P. Nath, Phys. Status Solidi A 33, 333 (1976).
S. K. Barthwal and K. L. Chopra, Phys. Status Solidi A 36, 533 (1976).
K. L. Chopra, A. P. Thakoor, S. K. Barthwal, and P. Nath, Phys. Status Solidi A 40, 247 (1977).
K. L. Chopra, S. K. Bahl, and M. R. Randlett, J. Appl. Phys. 39, 1525 (1968).
R. K. Willardson and A. C. Beer, eds., Semiconductors and Semimetals, Vol. 5: Infrared Detectors, Academic Press, New York (1970); Vol. 12: Infrared Detectors (II), Academic Press, New York (1977).
D. Chen, G. N. Otto, and F. M. Schmit, IEEE Trans. Magn. MAG-9, 66 (1973).
W. R. Harding, C. Hilsum, and D. C. Northrop, Nature 181, 691 (1958).
K. Oe, Y. Toyoshima, and N. Nagai, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 20, 405 (1976).
K. L. Chopra, P. K. Bhat, B. Singh, and S. Rajagopalan, Solid State Commun. 29, 167 (1979); J. Non-Cryst. Solids 35, 1053 (1980).
T. Igo and Y. Toyoshima, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 11, 304 (1972).
A. Yoshikawa, O. Ochi, H. Nagai, and Y. Mizushima, Appl. Phys. Lett. 29, 677 (1976).
A. Hadni, J. Phys. 24, 694 (1963).
A. Hadni, Y. Henninger, R. Thomas, P. Vergnat, and B. Wyncke, J. Phys. 26, 345 (1965).
B. O. Seraphin, in Topics in Applied Physics, Vol. 31: Solar Energy Conversion, B. O. Seraphin, ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1979), p. 5.
R. N. Schmidt, J. Spacecr. Rockets 2, 101 (1965).
B. O. Seraphin and A. B. Meinel, in Optical Properties of Solids: New Developments, B. O. Seraphin, ed., North-Holland, Amsterdam (1976), p. 927.
L. E. Flordal and R. Kivaisi, Vacuum 27, 397 (1977).
T. J. McMahon and S. W. Jasperson, Appl. Opt. 13, 2750 (1974).
D. K. Pandya and K. L. Chopra, in Vacuum-Surfaces-Thin Films, K. L. Chopra and T. C. Goel, eds., Vanity Books, Delhi (1971).
D. C. Booth, D. D. Allerd, and B. O. Seraphin, Solar Energ. Mater. 2, 107 (1979).
R. B. Goldner and H. M. Haskal, Appl. Opt. 14, 2328 (1975).
S. N. Kumar, L. K. Malhotra, and K. L. Chopra, Solar Energ. Mater. 3, 519 (1980).
P. K. Gogna, D. K. Pandya, and K. L. Chopra, Proceedings of the International Solar Energy Conference, New Delhi (1978), p. 842.
P. K. Gogna and K. L. Chopra, Thin Solid Films 63, 183 (1979).
P. K. Gogna, Ph.D. Thesis, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi (1980).
R. N. Schmidt, K. C. Park, and J. E. Janssen, Tech. Report, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, ML-TDR-64-250 (1964).
G. B. Reddy, V. Dutta, D. K. Pandya, and K. L. Chopra, Solar Energ. Mater. 5, 187 (1981).
S. N. Kumar, L. K. Malhotra, and K. L. Chopra, communicated to Solar Energ. Mater.
D. A. Williams, T. Lappin, and A. J. Duffie, Trans. ASME Ser. A, J. Eng. Power (July 1963), p. 213.
B. K. Gupta, R. Thangraj, and O. P. Agnihotri, Solar Energ. Mater. 1, 48 (1979).
B. O. Seraphin, in Proceedings of the Symposium on the Material Science Aspects of Thin Films Systems for Solar Energy Conversion, B. O. Seraphin, ed., Tucson, Arizona, July 1974.
G. D. Pettit, J. J. Cuomo, T. H. DiStefano, and J. M. Woodale, IBM J. Res. Dev. 22, 372 (1978).
C. M. Horwitz, Opt. Commun. 11, 210 (1974).
D. Pramanik, A. J. Sievers, and R. H. Silsbee, Solar Energ. Mater. 2, 81 (1979).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1983 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Chopra, K.L., Kaur, I. (1983). Thermal Devices. In: Chopra, K.L., Kaur, I. (eds) Thin Film Device Applications. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3682-2_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3682-2_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-3684-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-3682-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive