Abstract
Oil shale deposits located in the western United States represent an abundant resource for recoverable synthetic crude oil (Yen and Chilingarin, 1976). Water coproduced with shale oil and decanted from it Is called oil shale process water. This water originates primarily from combustion, dehydration of minerals, and groundwater (Farrier et al., 1977). For every 100,000 barrels of shale oil produced per day, a process water production of 1.6 million gallons is estimated (Hendrickson, 1975; Shih et al., 1979; Strniste and Chen, 1981). Technologies must be developed for the safe handling, containment, and disposal of such process waters.
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Smith-Sonneborn, J., McCann, E.A., Palizzi, R.A. (1983). Bioassays of Oil Shale Process Waters in Paramecium and Salmonella . In: Waters, M.D., Sandhu, S.S., Lewtas, J., Claxton, L., Chernoff, N., Nesnow, S. (eds) Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of Complex Environmental Mixtures III. Environmental Science Research, vol 27. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3611-2_13
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3611-2_13
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