Abstract
According to recent developments in the field, the term molten salts can advantageously be widened in scope to encompass many molten media which may not be wholly ionic or derived from simple salts. Thus, many systems studied within this broad classification may change their ionicity and hence conductivity according to temperature, pressure, or composition, e.g., silicates, group IIB chlorides, and chloroaluminates, respectively. Nevertheless, the majority of melts that have been studied are substantially dissociated in the liquid state, and all processes conducted in these are ipso facto electrochemical. Many of the processes considered here, therefore, involve charge transfer systems, particularly between solids (mainly metals) and melts, viz., electrode processes.(1)
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
A. D. Graves, G. J. Hills, and D. Inman, in Advances in Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering, Vol. 4, P. Delahay and C. W. Tobias, eds., Wiley Interscience, New York (1966).
G. J. Janz, Molten Salt Handbook, Academic Press, New York (1967).
J. Braunstein, Inorg. Chim. Acta. Rev. 2, 19 (1968).
Encyclopaedia of Electrochemistry, Q. A. Hampel, ed., Reinhold, New York (1964), and Characterization of Solutes in Non-Aqueous Solvents, G. Mamantov, ed., Plenum Press, New York (1978).
The Chemistry of Non-Aqueous Solvents, Vol. I, J. J. Lagowski, ed., Academic Press, New York (1966); Non-Aqueous Solvent Systems, T. C. Waddington, ed., Academic Press, New York (1965); Inorganic Chemistry in Non-Aqueous Solvents, A. K. Holliday and A. G. Massey, eds., Commonwealth and International Library, Pergamon, New York (1965).
J. Lumsden, Thermodynamics of Molten Salt Mixtures, Academic Press, New York (1966).
Phase Diagrams for Ceramists, E. M. Levin, C. R. Robbins, and H. F. McMurdy, American Ceramics Society, Columbus, Ohio (1964), (1965), (1975).
L. V. Woodcock and K. Singer, Trans. Farad. Soc. 67, 12 (1971); F. H. Stillinger, Jr., in Molten Salt Chemistry, M. Blander, ed., Wiley Interscience, New York (1964).
See, for example, (a) C. A. Angell and C. T. Moynihan, (b) J. Jordan, W. B. McCarthy, and P. G. Zambonin, in Molten Salts: Characterization and Analysis, G. Mamantov, ed., Marcel Dekker, New York (1969).
H. Bloom and J. O’M. Bockris, in Fused Salts, B. Sundheim, ed., McGraw-Hill, New York (1964); F. D. Richardson, Physical Chemistry of Melts in Metallurgy, Vols. 1 and 2, Academic Press, New York (1974).
L. Grantham and S. J. Yosim, J. Phys. Chem. 67, 2506 (1963); J. Chem. Phys. 45, 1192 (1966); B. Cleaver and S. I. Smedley, Trans. Faraday Soc. 67, 1115 (1971); B. Cleaver, in Advances in Molten Salt Chemistry, Vol. 4, G. Mamantov and J. Braunstein, Plenum Press, New York (1980).
D. G. Lovering, thesis, City University (1969).
G. Chariot and B. Tremillon, Chemical Reactions in Solvents and Melts, transl. P. J. J. Harvey, Pergamon Press, Braunschweig (1969); G. Mamantov and R. A. Osteryoung, in Characterization of Solutes in Non-Aqueous Solvents, G. Mamantov, ed., Plenum Press, New York (1978).
H. A. Levy and M. D. Danford, in Molten Salt Chemistry, M. Blander, ed., Wiley Interscience, New York (1964); F. G. Edwards, R. A. Howe, J. E. Enderby, and D. I. Page, J. Phys.CZ, 3483 (1975).
M. A. Bredig, in Molten Salts: Characterization and Analysis, G. Mamantov, ed., Marcel Dekker, New York (1969), but see also discussion by D. Inman, A. D. Graves, and R. S. Sethi, in Specialist Periodical Reports—Electrochemistry, Vol. I, The Chemical Society, London (1970), p. 187; Y.-T. Hsu, R. B. Escue, and T. H. Tidwell, Jr., J. Electroanal. Chem. 15, 245 (1967).
J. Michielsen, P. Woerlee, F. v. d. Graff, and J. A. A. Ketelaar, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 71, 1730 (1975).
J. K. Wilmshurst, J. Chem. Phys. 39, 1779 (1963).
H. Lux, Z. Elektrochem. 45, 303 (1939) et seq., H. Flood and T. F0rland, Acta Chem. Scand. 1, 592 (1947).
R. Littlewood, J. Electrochem. Soc. 109, 525 (1962); D. Inman and N. S. Wrench, Brit. Corr. J. 1, 246 (1966).
J. A. Plambeck, in Encyclopaedia of Electrochemistry of the Elements, Vol. X, A. J. Bard, ed., Marcel Dekker, New York (1976).
K. E. Johnson and P. Fullman, Abstract 358, in Extended Abstracts, Vol. 78-2, Fall Meeting, The Electrochemical Society, Princeton, New Jersey (1978), p. 966.
A. F. Alabyshev, M. F. Lantratov, and A. G. Morachevskii, Reference Electrodes for Fused Salts, transl. A. Pieperl, Sigma Press, Washington D.C. (1965).
J. D. Corbett, in Fused Salts, B. R. Sundheim, ed., McGraw-Hill, New York (1964); M. A. Bredig, in Molten Salt Chemistry, M. Blander, ed., Wiley Interscience, New York (1964).
G. A. Wolstenholme, in Molten Salt Technology, D. G. Lovering, ed., Plenum, N.Y., (1982); also see Ref. 27 and K. Grojotheim, C. Krohn, and H. Øye, in Trends in Electrochemistry, J. O’M. Bockris, D. A. J. Rand, and B. J. Welch, eds., Plenum Press, New York (1977).
K. W. Fung and G. Mamantov, in Advances in Molten Salt Chemistry, Vol. 2, J. Braunstein, G. Mamantov, and G. P. Smith, eds., Plenum Press, New York (1972).
D. Inman, New Scientist 25, 220 (1965).
N. E. Richards, in Electrochemistry—The Past Thirty and the Next Thirty Years, H. Bloom and F. Gutmann, eds., Plenum Press, New York (1977).
M. Paunovic, J. Electroanal Chem. 14, 447 (1967); R. K. Jain, H. C. Gaur, and B. J. Welch, J. Electroanal. Chem. 79, 211 (1977).
See, for example, W. K. Behl and H. C. Gaur, J. Electroanal. Chem. 32, 293 (1971).
G. J. Hills, D. J. Schiffrin, and J. Thompson, J. Electrochem. Soc. 120, 157 (1973).
A. Kisza and U. Twardoch, Bull. Acad. Polon. Sci. 20, 1063 (1972).
P. H. Davies, E. J. Frazer, M. Skyllas, and B. J. Welch, in Trends in Electrochemistry, J. O’M. Bockris, D. A. J. Rand, and B. J. Welch., eds., Plenum Press, New York (1977).
D. Inman, D. J. Jovanovic, and S. H. White, J. Electroanal. Chem. 43, 37 (1973).
D. G. Lovering, Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 38, 1719 (1973).
J. O’M. Bockris, S. R. Richards, and L. Nanis, J. Phys. Chem. 69, 1627 (1965).
S. Forcheri and V. Wagner, Z Naturforsch. 22a, 1171 (1967).
D. G. Lovering and R. M. Oblath, J. Electrochem. Soc., 127, 1997 (1980).
J. H. Christie and R. A. Osteryoung, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 82, 1841 (1960).
H. A. Laitinen and H. C. Gaur, J. Electrochem. Soc. 104, 730 (1957).
R. Narayan, D. G. Lovering, and D. Inman, Chem. Commun. 386 (1966).
D. Inman, R. S. Sethi, and R. Spencer, J. Electroanal. Chem. 29, 137 (1971).
D. G. Lovering, Trans. Faraday Soc. 67, 2659 (1971).
E. Temmerman and R. A. Osteryoung, J. Electroanal. Chem. 64, 1 (1975).
D. Inman and D. G. Lovering, J. Electrochem. Soc. 121, 778 (1974).
D. Inman and R. Spencer, in Advances in Extractive Metallurgy and Refining, I.M.M., London (1974).
G. F. Warren, S. H. White, and D. Inman, in International Symposium on Molten Salts, J. P. Pemsler, J. Braunstein, K. Nobe, D. R. Morris, and N. E. Richards, eds., The Electrochemical Society, Princeton, New Jersey (1976).
V. Sh. Palanker, A. M. Skundin, and V. S. Bagotskii, Sov. Electrochem. 2, 592 (1966).
E. A. Ukshe, N. G. Bukun, D. I. Leikis, and A. N. Frumkin, Electrochim. Acta 9, 431 (1964).
N. G. Bukun and E. A. Ukshe, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 37, 750 (1963); S. Karpachev and A. Stromberg, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 18, 47 (1944); V. A. Kuznetsov, T. D. Dyakova, and V. D. Mal’tseva, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 33, 48 (1959).
E. W. Dewing and P. Desclaux, in Molten Salt Electrolysis in Metal Production, I.M.M., London (1977).
S. Karpachev and W. Patzug, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 13, 1831 (1939).
J. E. B. Randies and W. White, Z. Elektrochem. 59, 666 (1955).
G. J. Hills and P. D. Power, Trans. Faraday Soc. 64, 1629 (1968).
P. Fellner and K. Matiasovsky, Chem. Zvesti 26, 36 (1972).
O. A. Esin, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 30, 3 (1956).
R. R. Dogonzdze and Yu. A. Chizmadev, Proc. Acad. Sei. SSSR Phys. Chem. Sect. (Engl.) 157, 778 (1964).
A. I. Sotnikov and O. A. Esin, in Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Molten Salts and Slags, Proceedings 3rd All-Soviet Conference, May 1966, Khimiya, Leningrad (1968).
N. G. Bukun and E. A. Ukshe, Ibid.
A. D. Graves and D. Inman, in E.m.f. Measurements in High Temperature Systems, C. B. Alcock, ed., I.M.M., London (1968).
R. Yu. Bek and A. S. Lifshits, Siber. Chem. J. 6, 713 (1967).
A. D. Graves and D. Inman, J. Electroanal Chem. 25, 357 (1970).
R. H. Heus, T. Tidwell, and J. J. Egan, in Molten Salts: Characterization and Analysis, G. Mamantov, ed., Marcel Dekker, New York (1969).
P. Fellner and K. Matiasovsky, Electrochim. Acta. 17, 233 (1972).
D. Inman, J. E. Bowling, D. G. Lovering, and S. H. White, in Specialist Periodical Reports Electrochemistry, Vol. 4, Chemical Society, London (1974).
D. M. Heyes, M. Barber, and J. H. R. Clarke, Abstract No. 365, in Second International Symposium on Molten Salts, Extended Abstracts 78–2, from 154th Meeting, Electrochemical Society, Pittsburgh, October 15–20 (1978), p. 980.
E. H. Arnstein and W. D. Davis, Molten Salt Electrolysis in Metal Production, I.M.M., London (1977), p. 62.
D. Inman, Chem. Eng. tLondon) 51 (1967).
D. Inman, J. C. L. Legey, and R. Spencer, J. Electroanal. Chem. 61, 289 (1975).
D. Inman and S. H. White, J. Appl. Electrochem. 8, 375 (1978).
F. Lantelme, J. P. Hanselin, and M. Chemla, J. Electroanal. Chem. 97, 49 (1979).
H. C. Gaur and R. S. Sethi, J. Electroanal. Chem. 7, 474 (1974).
R. M. de Froment et al., in Polarography 1964, G. J. Hills, ed., Macmillan, London (1966).
For example, see J. J. Egan and R. Heus, J. Electrochem. Soc. 107, 824 (1960).
D. Inman and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Electroanal. Chem. 3, 126 (1962).
E. A. Ukshe and N. G. Bukun, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 35, 1330 (1961).
B. A. Parkinson and F. C. Anson, Anal. Chem. 50, 1886 (1978), but see also H. B. Harvey, R. L. McNeey, P. Surana, C. M. Ellion, and R. W. Murray, Anal. Chem. 46, 1258 (1974).
D. Inman, J. O’M. Bockris, and E. Blomgren, J. Electroanal. Chem. 2, 506 (1961).
L. G. Boxall and K. E. Johnson, Trans. Faraday Soc. 67, 1433 (1971).
S. Sterberg and C. Herdlicka, Rev. Roum. Chim. 17, 343 (1972).
D. Inman, S. H. White, I. Wilmot, and B. Jones, J. Electroanal. Chem. 33, 225 (1971).
G. J. Hills, D. J. Schiffrin, and J. Thompson, Electrochim. Acta 19, 657 (1974).
J. C. L. Legey, thesis, London (1973).
H. C. Gaur, H. L. Jindal, and R. S. Sethi, Electrochim. Acta. 15, 845 (1970); H. C. Gaur and H. C. Jindal, J. Electraoanal. Chem. 23, 289 (1969).
D. Inman, R. S. Sethi, and R. Spencer, J. Electroanal. Chem. 29, 137 (1971).
P. G. Dudley, D. Inman, and S. H. White, in Extended Abstracts, 78–2, The Electrochemical Society, Princeton, New Jersey (1978).
G. J. Mills and K. E. Johnson, in Advances in Polarography, Vol. 3, I. Longmuir, ed., Pergamon Press, Oxford (1960).
F. R. Duke and M. L. Iverson, Anal. Chem. 31, 1233 (1959).
For a lucid discussion, see J. Jordan, J. Electroanal. Chem. 29, 127 (1971), but also see A. F. J. Goeting and J. A. A. Ketalaar, Electrochim. Acta 19, 267 (1974) and J. D. Burke and D. H. Kerridge, J. Electrochim. Acta 19, 251 (1974).
G. J. Hills and K. E. Johnson, J. Electrochem. Soc. 108, 1013 (1961).
Yu. K. Delimarskii, V. I. Sherpoval, and V. A. Vasilenko, Sov. Electrochem. 7, 1255 (1971).
E. Franks and D. Inman, J. Electroanal. Chem. 26, 13 (1970).
E. Franks and A. Mukherjee, J. Electroanal. Chem. 49, 456 (1974).
D. M. Wrench and D. Inman, Electrochim. Acta 12, 1601 (1967).
E. Franks and D. Inman, J. Appl. Electrochem. 1, 73 (1971).
D. Inman, in Electroactive Force Measurements in High-Temperature Systems, C. B. Alcock, ed., I.M.M., London (1968).
P. G. Zambonin, J. Electroanal. Chem. 24, Appi. 25 (1970); D. Inman and M. J. Weaver, J. Electroanal. Chem. 51, 45 (1974).
See, for example, R. P. Tischer and F. A. Ludwig, in Advances in Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering, Vol. 10, C. W. Tobias and H. Gerischer, Interscience, New York (1964).
See, for example, C. R. Dillard and D. E. Goldberg, Chemistry: Reactions, Structure and Properties, 2nd ed., Macmillan, New York (1979).
The Encyclopaedia of Electrochemistry, C. A. Hampel, ed., Reinhold, New York (1964), p. 31.
F. R. A. Smith, Met. Mater. (March 1974), p. 182.
G. A. Wolstenholme, Chem. Ind. 9, 383 (1975); J. G. Peacey and W. G. Davenport, J. Met. (July, 25, 1974 ).
See Ref. 102.
D. Inman and S. H. White, J. Appi Electrochem. 8, 375 (1978).
S. Senderoff, G. W. Mellors, and W. J. Reinhart, J. Electrochem. Soc. 112, 266 (1965).
S. Senderoff, G. W. Mellors, and W. J. Reinhart, Electrochem. Soc. 112, 840 (1965).
G. W. Mellors, Proceedings of the 1st Australian Conference on Electrochemistry, A. Friend and F. Gutmann, eds., Pergamon Press, Oxford (1964).
A. D. Graves and D. Inman, Electroplat. Met. Finish. 19, 314 (1966).
S. SenderofT and G. W. Mellors, J. Electrochem. Soc. 113, 66 (1966).
See Ref. 100, p. 1100.
T. A. Henrie and E. Morrice, J. Met. 18, 1207 (1966); 21, 34 (1969).
N. C. Cook, Sci. Am. (August, 38, 1969 ).
D. A. J. Swinkels, in Advances in Molten Salt Chemistry, Vol. 1, J. Braunstein, G. Mamantov, and G. P. Smith, eds., Plenum Press, New York (1971).
E. J. Cairns and R. K. Steunenberg, in Progress in High Temperature Physics and Chemistry, Vol. 5, C. A. Rouse, ed., Pergamon Press, Oxford (1973).
K. V. Kordesch, in Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, Vol. 10, J. O’M. Bockris and B. E. Conway, eds., Plenum Press, New York (1975).
R. Roberts, in Electrotechnology, Vol. 2, R. P. Ouellette, F. Ellerbusch, and P. N. Cheremisinoff, eds., Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, Michigan (1978).
D. H. Thow, in Power Sources 3, D. H. Collins, ed., Oriel Press, Newcastle (1971).
G. Bowser etal.; U.S. Patent 3, 891, 460.
D. A. J. Swinkels and R. N. Seefurth, J. Electrochem. Soc. 115, 994 (1968).
E. H. Hietbrink, J. J. Petraits, and G. M. Craig, in Advances in Energy Conversion Engineering, A.S.M.E., New York (1967).
M. W. Breiter, in Trends in Electrochemistry, J. O’M. Bockris, D. A. J. Rand, and B. J. Welch, eds., Plenum Press, New York (1977).
J. L. Sudworth, A. R. Tilley, and J. M. Bird, in Extended Abstracts 77–2 (1977); J. L. Sudworth and M. D. Hames, in Extended Abstracts, 78–2 ( 1978 ), The Electrochemical Society, Princeton, New Jersey (1977).
R. Hudson and K. Gentry, in Extended Abstracts 78–2, The Electrochemical Society, Princeton, New Jersey (1978).
P. A. Nelson etal., Development of LithiumJMetal Sulphide Batteries at Argonne National Laboratory: Summary Report 1977, ANL-78–20 (1978).
See, for example, S. K. Preto, S. von Winbush, and M. F. Roche, Extended Abstracts, 78–2, The Electrochemical Society, Princeton, New Jersey (1978).
J. C. Nardi, J. K. Erbacher, C. L. Hussey, and L. A. King, J. Power Sources 3, 81 (1978).
R. A. Osteryoung, R. J. Gale, J. Robinson, R. Bugle, and B. Gilbert, Extended Abstracts 78-2, The Electrochemical Society, Princeton, New Jersey (1978).
For early background material, see F. Jones, in An Introduction to Fuel Cells, K. R. Williams, ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam (1966) and D. P. Gregory, Fuel Cells, Mills and Boon, London (1972). For recent technical detail see lst-5th National Fuel Cell Seminar Proceedings (1976-1980), Extended Abstracts of Electrochemical Society Meetings, especially Vol. 80–2, Hollywood (1980) which includes a Symposium on Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Technology.
K. F. Blurton, L. G. Marianowski, and E. H. Camara, in Power Sources 11, J. Thompson, ed., Academic Press, N.Y. (1979).
S. J. Yosim, K. M. Barclay, K. J. Miller, and C. A. Trilling, Extended Abstracts, 78–2, The Electrochemical Society, Princeton, N.J. (1978).
J. M. King, W. E. Houghtby, and R. A. Sederqvist, in National Fuel Cell Seminar, Boston, MA (1977).
J. M. King, E.C.A.S. Phase II, Final Report on NAS 3–19586 Contract to NASA, United Technologies Corp., Conn. (1976).
A. C. C. Tseung, J. Appi. Electrochem. 1, 279 (1971); 2, 137 (1972).
K. Kinoshita, J. W. Sim, and J. P. Ackerman, in National Fuel Cell Seminar, Boston, MA (1977).
L. G. Marianowski, K. F. Blurton, E. H. Camara, and H. C. Maru, ibid.
Corrosion, Vol. I, 2nd Ed., L. L. Shrier, ed., Newnes-Butterworth, London (1976), Section 2–10.
D. Inman and N. S. Wrench, Brit. Corr. J. 1, 246 (1966).
B. W. Burrows and G. J. Hills, J. Inst. Fuel 39, 168 (1966).
A. J. B. Cutler etal., A.S.M.E. Publicn. 67-WAJCD-4 (1967).
R. Littlewood, J. Electrochem. Soc. 109, 525 (1962).
R. Littlewood, Trans. A.I.M.E. 233, 772 (1965).
M. D. Ingram and G. J. Janz, Electrochim. Acta 10, 783 (1965).
L. Campanella, Brit. Corr. J. 2, 219 (1967).
L. Campanella and A. Conte, J. Electrochem. Soc. 116, 144 (1969).
L. Campanella, Plating 56, 813 (1969); 57, 807 (1970); 59, 575 (1972).
L. Campanella, Trans. Inst. Met. Finish. 51, 97 (1973).
F. H. Cocks, D. R. Cogley, G. H. Hurley, and C. R. Mitchell, Corrosion 32, 135 (1976).
R. E. Herfert, Tech. Rept. AFML-TR-76-142, U.S.A.F. (1976).
R. K. Nigam and R. S. Chaudhary, Ind. J. Chem. 8, 343 (1970).
R. K. Nigam and R. S. Chaudhary, Electrochim. Acta. 17, 1765 (1972).
A. Yamashita and H. Hagiwara, J. Electrochem. Soc. 112, 279 (1965).
E. L. Krongauz, V. D. Kashcheev, and V. B. Busse-Machukas, Sov. Electrochem. 8, 1219 (1972).
A. Conte, A. Borello, and A. Cabrini, J. Appi. Electrochem. 6, 293 (1976).
S. Tajima, M. Soda, and T. Mori, Electrochim. Acta 1, 205 (1959).
S. Tajima, M. Soda, and T. Mori, Electrochim. Acta 1, 205 (1959).
A. K. Turner and D. G. Lovering, Final Report to M.O.D. (P.E.) on contract ATJ2160J027 MAT (1978).
V. Saifullin and F. F. Faizullin, Sb. Aspir. Rab. Kazan. Gos. Univ. Estecto. Nauki Khim. 25 (1973).
R. K. Nigam and I. K. Arora, Electrochim. Acta 17, 2133 (1972).
A. K. Turner, thesis, London (1978).
S. Tajima, Y. Tanabe, M. Shimura, and T. Mori, Electrochim. Acta 6, 127 (1962).
G. L. Holleck, F. H. Cocks, D. R. Cogley, and I. W. FrutkofT, Tech. Rept. AFML-TR-72- 191, USAF (1978).
S. Ikonopisov, Electrodep. Surf. Treat. 2, 303 (1973-1974).
Molten Salt Techniques, D. G. Lovering and R. J. Gale, Plenum Press, New York, 1983 et seq.
D. G. Lovering and R. M. Oblath, in Ionic Liquids, D. Inman and D. G. Lovering, eds., Plenum Press, New York (1981).
S. H. White, in Ionic Liquids, D. Inman and D. G. Lovering, eds., Plenum Press, New York (1981).
P. G. Zambonin and J. Jordan, I. Am. Chem. Soc. 91, 2225 (1969).
P. G. Zambonin, J. Electroanal. Chem. 32, App. 1 (1971).
A. D. Graves and D. Inman, in Electromotive Force Measurements in High-Temperature Systems, C. B. Alcock, ed., I.M.M., London (1968).
Yu. K. Delimarskii and B. F. Markov, Electrochemistry of Fused Salts, Sigma Press, New York (1961).
J. J. Egan and R. Heus, J. Electrochem. Soc. 107, 824 (1960).
H. Hoff, Electrochim. Acta 16, 1059 (1971).
W. H. Bell, J. Electrochem. Soc. 118, 889 (1971).
H, Hoff, Electrochim. Acta 16, 1357 (1971).
Yu. K. Delimarskii and A. A. Kolotii, Zavod. Lab. 22, 75 (1956).
R. W. Laity, in Reference Electrodes: Theory and Practice, D. J. G. Ives and G. J. Janz, eds., Academic Press, New York (1961).
D. Inman, J. Sci. Instrum. 39, 391 (1962).
H. L. Jones, L. G. Boxali, and R. A. Osteryoung, J. Electroanal. Chem. 38, 476 (1972).
B. S. Del Ducca, J. Electrochem. Soc. 118, 405 (1971).
J. O’M. Bockris, G. J. Hills, D. Inman, and L. Young, J. Sci. Instrum. 33, 438 (1956).
H. R. Bronstein and D. L. Manning, J. Electrochem. Soc. 119, 125 (1972).
G. Schiavon, S. Zecchin, and G. G. Bombi, J. Electroanal. Chem. 38, 473 (1972).
G. J. Hills, D. Inman, and L. Young, in Proceedings of 8th Meeting of the C.I.T.C.E., Butterworth Scientific Publications, London (1958), p. 90.
D. Inman, D. G. Lovering, and R. Narayan, Trans. Faraday Soc. 63, 3017 (1967).
M. D. Baird, A. J. Clark, C. R. Feltham, and L. J. Pearce, in Power Sources 11, J. Thompson, ed., Academic Press, London and New York (1978).
R. Roberts, in Electro technology, Vol. 2, Applications in Manufacturing, R. P. Ouellette, F. Ellerbusch, and P. N. Cheremisinoff, eds., Arbor Science Publishers, Ann Arbor, Michigan (1978).
W. R. Grimes and S. Cantor, in The Chemistry of Fusion Technology, R. M. Gruen, ed., Plenum Press, New York (1972).
See, for example, lst-5th National Fuel Cell Seminars, Palo Alto, California, 1976; Boston 1977; San Francisco 1978; Bethesda, Maryland 1979; San Diego 1980.
G. J. Hills and P. D. Power, J. Pol. Soc. 13, 71 (1967).
E. Desimoni, F. Palmisano, and P. G. Zambonin, J. Electroanal. Chem. 84, 323 (1977).
See, for example, P. G. Zambonin, Anal. Chem. 43, 1571 (1971) and other papers by this author.
M. Peleg, J. Phys. Chem. 71, 4553 (1967).
D. G. Lovering, R. M. Oblath, and A. K. Turner, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 673 (1976).
A. Espinola and J. Jordan, in Characterization of Solutes in Nonaqueous Solvents, G. Mamantov, ed., Plenum Press, New York (1978).
P. G. Zambonin, J. Electroanal. Chem. 33, 243 (1971).
R. N. Kust and F. R. Duke, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 85, 3338 (1963); M. Fredericks and R. B. Temple, J. Electroanal. Chem. 38, App. 5 (1972).
J. D. Burke and D. H. Kerridge, Electrochim. Acta 19, 151 (1974).
K. W. Fung, G. Mamantov, and J. P. Young, Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Lett. 8, 219 (1972).
L. G. Boxali, H. L. Jones, and R. A. Osteryoung, J. Electrochem. Soc. 120, 223 (1973).
H. Schaefer, C. Joeser, and L. Bayer, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 263, 87 (1950).
D. Inman, G. J. Hills, L. Young, and J. O’M. Bockris, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 29, 803 (1960); H. A. Laitinen, W. S. Ferguson, and R. A. Osteryoung, J. Electrochem. Soc. 104, 516 (1957).
W. J. Burkhard and J. D. Corbett, I. Am. Chem. Soc. 79, 6361 (1957).
D. L. Manning, J. Electrochem. Soc. 7, 302 (1964).
S. Pizzini and R. Morlotti, Electrochim. Acta 10, 1033 (1965).
H. Kojima, S. G. Whiteway, and C. R. Masson, Can. I. Chem. 46, 2905 (1968).
D. W. Townsend, in International Symposium on Molten Salts, J. P. Pemsler, J. Braunstein, K. Nobe, D. R. Morris, and N. E. Richards, eds., The Electrochemical Society, Princeton, New Jersey (1976).
J. Thonstad, J. Electrochem. Soc. 9, 346 (1968).
F. R. Clayton, G. Mamantov, and D. L. Manning, J. Electrochem. Soc. 120, 111C (1973).
S. Vire and D. Inman, unpublished work.
J. Thonstad, F. Nordmo, and J. F. Rodreth, Electrochim. Acta 19, 751 (1974).
D. G. Lovering, Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 37, 3697 (1972).
D. G. Hill, B. Porter, and A. S. Gillespie, J. Electrochem. Soc. 105, 408 (1958).
B. W. Burrows and G. J. Hills, Electrochim. Acta 15, 445 (1970).
J. Goret and B. Tremillon, Bull. Soc. Chim. France, 67 (1966).
J. Goret and B. Tremillon, Electrochim. Acta 12, 1065 (1967).
G. G. Bombi, M. Fiorani, and C. Macca, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 455 (1966).
F. J. Hazlewood, E. Rhodes, and A. R. Ubbelohde, Trans. Faraday Soc. 62, 3101 (1966).
E. Rhodes and A. R. Ubbelohde, Trans. Faraday Soc. 55, 1705 (1959).
K. Hirata, H. Yoneyama, and H. Tamura, Electrochim. Acta 17, 793 (1972).
K. Hirata, H. Yoneyama, and H. Tamura, Electrochim. Acta 17, 804 (1972).
V. P. Yurinskii, N. V. Vorob’eva, A. G. Morachevskii, and E. Yu. Riskina, Zh. Priklad. Khim. 52 (2), 221 (1979).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1983 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Inman, D., Lovering, D.G. (1983). Electrochemistry in Molten Salts. In: Conway, B.E., Bockris, J.O., Yeager, E., Khan, S.U.M., White, R.E. (eds) Comprehensive Treatise of Electrochemistry. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3584-9_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3584-9_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-3586-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-3584-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive