Abstract
One reason why Combinatorics has been slow to become accepted as part of mainstream Mathematics is the common belief that it consists of a bag of isolated tricks, a number of areas:
combinatorial number theory (partitions, integer sequences), combinatorial set theory, Ramsey theory, partially ordered sets, lattices (in both the poset and number-theoretic senses), error-correcting codes, combinatorial designs (latin squares and rectangles, projective and affine geometries, Steiner systems, Kirk-man’s schoolgirls problem), combinatorial games, enumerative combinatorics (recurrence relations, generating functions), 0–1 matrices, graph theory (including tournaments, topological properties, coloring problems), combinatorial geometry, packing fc covering (in number-theoretic, set-theoretic, graph-theoretic or geometric contexts)
with little or no connexion between them. We shall see that they have numerous threads weaving them together into a beautifully patterned tapestry.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
V. E. Alekseev, On the Skolem method of constructing Steiner triple systems (Russian), Mat Zametki, 2(1967) 145–156; MR 35 #5341. [x+y = z]
W. W. Rouse Ball fc H. S. M. Coxeter, Mathematical Recreations & Essays, 12th edition, Univ. of Toronto, 1974. [36-40 Nim & Wythoff’s Game; 115–116 squaring the square; 149–152 sphere packing; 189–192 latin squares; 193–221 magic squares; 222–242 map coloring; 271–311 combinatorial de-signs, an excellent survey written by J. J. Seidel]
Thøger Bang, On the sequence [nα], n = 1, 2,..., supplementary note to the previous paper by Th. Skolem, Math. Scand., 5(1957) 69–76; MR 19, 1159h. [Skolem problem]
S. Beatty, Problem 3173, Amer. Math. Monthly, 33(1926) 159; 34(1927) 159. [Beatty sequences]
Claude Beige, The Theory of Graphs and its Applications, Methuen, London, 1962, p. 38. [Isaacs’s Game]
E. R. Berlekamp, J. H. Conway & R. K. Guy, Winning Ways for Your Mathematical Plays, Academic Press, London, 1982. [sum of games, p. 32; nim addition, pp. 60–61; Wyt Queens, p. 61; nim-values, pp. 82–87; V-positions, p. 83; Turning Turtles, p. 429]
T. Beth, D. Jungnickel and H. Lenz, Design Theory, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1986. [a comprehensive reference for Steiner systems and difference methods]
Charles L. Bouton, Nim, a game with a complete mathematical theory, Ann. of Math., Princeton,(2) 3(1901-02) 35–39.
R. L. Brooks, C. A. B. Smith, A. H. Stone & W. T. Tutte, The dissection of rectangles into squares, Duke Math. J., 7(1940) 312–340; MR 2, 153.
R. H. Bruck & H. J. Ryser, The non-existence of certain finite projective planes, Canad. J. Math., 1(1949) 88–93; MR 10, 319.
J. H. Conway, On Numbers and Games, Academic Press, London, 1976. [impartial games & Nim, chap. 11]
J. H. Conway & N. J. A. Sloane, Sphere Packings, Lattices and Groups, Springer Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften 290, 1988. [Hamming code p. 80; Golay code, p. 84; Cayley numbers, p. 122; lexi-codes, p. 327]
J. H. Conway & N. J. A. Sloane, Lexicographic codes: error-correcting codes from game theory, IEEE Trans. Info. Theory, IT-32(1986) 337–348; MR 87f: 94049.
H. S. M. Coxeter, The golden section, phyllotaxis and Wythoff’s game, Scripta Math., 19(1953) 135–143; MR 15, 2
Hallard T. Croft, Kenneth J. Falconer & Richard K. Guy, Unsolved Problems in Geometry, Springer, 1991. [C2 squaring the square; D10 packing spheres; E9-E13 lattice points]
R. O. Davies, On Langford’s problem, II, Math. Gaz., 43(1959) 253–255; MR 22 #5581.
J. Dénes & A. D. Keedwell, Latin Squares and Their Applications, Academic Press, 1974.
J. Doyen, Recent developments in the theory of Steiner systems, Atti dei Conv. Lincei, 17(1976) Tomo I, 277–285; MR 55 #10286. [excellent bibli-ography with many early items, previously overlooked]
A. J. W. Duyvestyn, Simple perfect squared square of lowest order, J. Combin. Theory Ser. B, 25(1978) 240–243; MR 80a: 05051.
A. J. W. Duyvestyn, Simple perfect squared squares and 2x1 squared rectangles of order 25, Math. Comput., 62(1994) 325–332: MR 94c:05023 (fc see 05017). [Squares with the same elements differently arranged; squares whose largest element is not on the boundary.]
G. Fano, Sui postulati fondamentali della geometria proiettiva, Giom. Mat, 30(1892) 114–124. [the ‘Fano’ configuration was anticipated by Kirk-man in 1850 ]
Branko Grunbaum & G. C. Shephard, Tilings and Patterns, W. H. Freeman, New York, 1987, [76–81 squaring the square, 531–583 Penrose aperiodic tiles]
P. M. Grundy, Mathematics and games, Eureka, 2(1939) 6–8; [Sprague-Grundy theory of impartial games]
Richard K. Guy, A many facetted problem of Zarankiewicz, in The Many Facets of Graph Theory, Springer, New York, 1969, 129–148; MR 41 #91. [adjacency matrices, incidence matrices, packing fc covering, Turan fc Ramsey problems, tournaments, steiner triples, affine fc projective planes, difference sets]
Richard K. Guy, Packing [1, n] with solutions of ax + by = cz — the unity of combinatorics, Atti dei Conv. Lincei, 17(1976) Tomo II, 173–179; MR 57 #9565. [x + y = z, Langford-Skolem, Wythoff, Isaacs, Steiner, Hanani, Ringel, Zarankiewicz]
Richard K. Guy, The Penrose pieces, Bull London Math. Soc., 8 (1976) 9–10.
Richard K. Guy &c Cedric A. B. Smith, The G-values for various games, Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc., 52(1956) 514–526; MR 18, 546.
J. Hadamard, Resolution d’une question relative aux déterminants, Bull. Sci. Math.(2) 17(1893) 240–248. [Hadamard matrices]
R. W. Hamming, Error correcting and error detecting codes, Bell Sys. Tech. J., 29(1950) 147–160; MR 12, 35c.
H. Hanani, A note on Steiner triple systems, Math. Scand., 8(1960) 154–156; MR 23 #A2330.
H. Hanani, On quadruple systems, Canad. J. Math., 12(1960) 145–157; MR 22 #2558.
T. P. Kirkman, On a problem in combinations, Cambridge & Dublin Math. 2 (1847) 191–204.
T. P. Kirkman, Note on an unanswered prize question, Cambridge & Dublin Math. J., 5 (1850) 255–262.
T. P. Kirkman, On triads made with fifteen things, London, Edinburgh & Dublin Phil. Mag., 37 (1850) 169–171.
T. P. Kirkman, On the perfect r-partitions of N = r2 - r + 1, Trans. Historic Soc. Lanes. & Cheshire, 9(1856–57) 127–142.
T. P. Kirkman, On the puzzle of the fifteen young ladies, London, Edinburgh & Dublin Phil. Mag. (4), 23 (1862) 198–204.
Thomas Kövári, Vera Sós k Paul Turán, On a problem of K. Zarankiewicz, Colloq. Math., 3(1954) 50–57; MR 16, 456.
C. Dudley Langford, Problem, Math. Gaz., 42 (1958) 228.
John Leech, Some sphere packings in higher space, Canad. Math. J., 5(1964) 657–682; MR 29 #5166; 19(1967) 251–267; MR 35 #878.
Emma Lehmer, On residue difference sets, Canad. J. Math., 5(1953) 425–432; MR 15, 10.
Al. A. Markov, On a certain combinatorial problem (Russian), Problemy Kibernetiki, 15(1965) 263–266; MR 35 #1497. [x + y = z]
R. J. Nowakowski, Generalizations of the Langford-Skolem problem, M.Sc. thesis, The Univ. of Calgary, 1975.
R. J. Nowakowski, Zarankiewicz’s problem, Ph.D. thesis, The Univ. of Calgary, 1978.
C. J. Priday, On Langford’s problem, I, Math. Gaz. 43(1959) 250–253; MR 22 #5580.
D. K. Ray-Chaudhuri & R. M. Wilson, Solution of Kirkman’s schoolgirl problem, Proc. Symp. Pure Math., 19 Amer. Math. Soc. 1971, 187–203; MR 47 #3195.
G. Ringel, Die toioidale Dicke des vollstandigen Graphen, Math. Zeit., 87(1965) 19–26; MR 30 #2489.
G. Ringel, Map Color Theorem, Grundlehren der math. Wissenschaften, 209, Springer, 1974.
G. Ringel & J. W. T. Youngs, Solution of the Heawood map-coloring problem, Proc. Nat Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 60(1968) 438–445; MR 37 #3959.
G. Ringel & J. W. T. Youngs, Solution of the Heawood map-coloring problem — case 11, J. Combin. Theory, 7(1969) 71–93; MR 39 #1360; — case 2, 342–352; -case 8, 353–363; MR 41 #6723.
A. Rosa, A note on Steiner triple systems (Slovak), Mat.-Fyz. Časopis Sloven. Akad. Vied, 16(1966) 285–290; MR 35 #2759. [x + y = z]
H. J. Ryser, Combinatorial Mathematics, Carus Math. Monograph 14, Math. Assoc. Amer., 1963.
J. Sedláček, On a set system, Ann. New York Acad. Sci., 175(1970) 329–330; MR 42 #117. [x + y = z]
J. Singer, A theorem in finite projective geometry and some applications to number theory, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 43 (1938) 377–385.
Th. A. Skolem, On certain distributions of integers in pairs with given differences, Math. Scand., 5(1957) 57–68; MR 19, 1159g.
Th. A. Skolem, Some remarks on the triple systems of Steiner, Math. Scand., 6(1958) 273–280; MR 21 #5582.
Th. A. Skolem, Über einige Eigenschaften der Zahlenmengen [αn + ß] bei irrationalem mit einleitenden Bemerkungen uber einige kombinatorische Probleme, Norske Vid. Selsk. Forh.f Trondheim, 30(1957) 42–49; MR 19, 1159i.
R. P. Sprague, Über mathematische Kampfspiele, Tôhoku Math. J., 41(1935–36) 438–444; Zbl. 13, 290. [Sprague-Grundy theory of impartial games]
R. P. Sprague, Beispiel einer Zerlegung des Quadrats in lauter verschiedene Quadrate, Math. Z., 45(1939) 607–608. [squaring the square]
Thomas Storer, Cyclotomy and Difference Sets, Markham, Chicago, 1967.
C. M. Terry, L. R. Welch & J. W. T. Youngs, Solution of the Heawood map-coloring problem — case 4, J. Combin. Theory, 8(1970) 170–174; MR 41 #3321.
A. Tietäväinen, On the non-existence of perfect codes over finite fields, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 24(1973) 88–96; MR 48 #3609.
Thomas M. Thompson, From Error-correcting Codes through Sphere Packings to Simple Groups, Carus Math. Monograph 21, Math. Assoc. Amer., 1983.
J. A. Todd, A combinatorial problem, J. Math, and Phys., 12 (1933) 321–323.
W. S. B. Woolhouse, Prize question 1733, Lady’s and Gentleman’s Diary, 1844.
W. A. Wythoff, A modification of the game of Nim, Nieuw Arch, voor Wisk.(2), 7(1905-07) 199–202.
J. W. T. Youngs, Solution of the Heawood map-coloring problem — cases 3, 5, 6 and 9, J. Combin. Theory, 8(1970) 175–219; — cases 1, 7, and 10, 220–231; MR 41 #3322-3.
K. Zarankiewicz, Problem P101, Colloq. Math., 2 (1951) 301.
Š. Znám, On a combinatorial problem of K. Zarankiewicz, Colloq. Math., 11(1963) 81–84; MR 29 #37; 13(1965) 255–258; MR 32 #7434.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1995 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Guy, R.K. (1995). The Unity of Combinatorics. In: Colbourn, C.J., Mahmoodian, E.S. (eds) Combinatorics Advances. Mathematics and Its Applications, vol 329. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3554-2_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3554-2_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-3556-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-3554-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive