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Amethystic Agents in the Treatment of Alcohol Intoxication

  • Chapter
The Biology of Alcoholism

Abstract

Amethystic agents represent only one class of substances or conditions that can antagonize the actions of alcohol (ethanol). To gain a proper perspective, we should recognize several situations in which many of the acute and long-term effects of ethanol can be blocked:

  1. 1.

    Prevention or reversal of ethanol-induced euphoria or stimulation (e.g., by alpha methyl-p-tyrosine in man; Ahlenius et al., 1973)

  2. 2.

    Antagonism of ethanol-induced sedation or hypnosis (e.g., by calcium chelators such as ED TA and EGTA in mice; Erickson et al., 1978)

  3. 3.

    Antagonism of ethanol preference (e.g., by acetaldehyde in mice; Sanders et al. vn1977)

  4. 4.

    Reduction of ethanol intake (e.g., by disulfiram in man; Kitson, 1977)

  5. 5.

    Blockade of the production of tolerance to ethanol (e.g., by cortexolone, a glucocorticoid receptor blocker in mice; Tabak-off and Yanai, 1979)

  6. 6.

    Prevention of the development of physical dependence to ethanol (e.g., by naloxone in mice; Blum et al., 1977)

  7. 7.

    Suppression of ethanol withdrawal reactions, once they have begun (e.g., by sodium bromide in mice; Goldstein, 1979)

  8. 8.

    Amelioration of the acute withdrawal phase of alcoholism (e.g., by chlormethiazole, a sedative-hypnotic drug, in man; McGrath, 1975)

  9. 9.

    Improvement in alcohol-induced hepatic dysfunction (e.g., by propylthiouracil in man; Orrego et al., 1979)

  10. 10.

    Treatment of the alcohol-induced “tiorganic brain syndrome” (e.g., by EMD 21657, an experimental drug, in man; Saletu et al., 1978)

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  1. College of Pharmacy, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA

    Carlton K. Erickson

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Erickson, C.K. (1983). Amethystic Agents in the Treatment of Alcohol Intoxication. In: Kissin, B., Begleiter, H. (eds) The Biology of Alcoholism. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3518-4_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3518-4_14

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  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-3520-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-3518-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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