Skip to main content

Methods for Detecting Gaseous and Volatile Carcinogens Using Cell Transformation Assays

  • Chapter
Genotoxic Effects of Airborne Agents

Part of the book series: Environmental Science Research ((ESRH,volume 25))

Abstract

In order to prevent in humans cancers as a result of exposure to environmental carcinogens, suitable methodologies and bioassays must be developed to detect all classes of carcinogenic agents. Quantitative cell culture systems provide procedures for detecting potential carcinogens in a relatively short period of time compared with the years required to complete in vivo tests. Mammalian cells in culture are particularly appropriate because they represent an extension of the in vivo experimental models, eliminate host factors, afford a means to control test chemical levels, and can be conducted in a controlled environment. Quantitative linear dose-response relationships have been demonstrated for cell transformation using fibroblasts from hamster embryo cells (1–4). The transformation event data are consistent with a one-hit phenomenon indicating a direct cause and effect relationship (2,3,5).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Y. Berwald and L. Sachs, In vitro transformation of normal cells to tumor cells by carcinogenic hydrocarbons, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 35:641–661 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  2. J. A. DiPaolo, P. J. Donovan, and R. L. Nelson, Quantitative studies of in vitro transformation by chemical carcinogens, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 42: 867–874 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  3. J. A. DiPaolo, P. J. Donovan, and R. L. Nelson, Quantitative studies of in vitro transformation of hamster cells by polycyclic hydrocarbons: Factors influencing the number of cells transformed, Nature New Biol. 236: 240–241 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  4. T. Kuroki and H. Sato, Transformation and neoplastic development in vitro of hamster embryonic cells by 4-nitroquinolino-l- oxide and its derivatives, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 41: 53–71 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  5. T. T. Chen and C. Heidelberger, Quantitative studies on the malignant transformation of mouse prostate cells by carcinogenic hydrocarbons in vitro, Intern. J. Cancer 4: 166–178 (1969).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. B. C. Casto, Enhancement of adenovirus transformation by treatment of hamster cells with ultraviolet irradiation, DNA base analogs, and dibenz(a,h)anthracene, Cancer Res. 33: 402–407 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  7. B. C. Casto, Enhancement of viral oncogenesis by chemical carcinogens, in: “Chemical Carcinogenesis. The Biochemistry of Disease”, P. O. P. Ts’o and J. A. DiPaolo, eds., Vol. 4, Marcel Dekker, Inc., N.Y., 607–618 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  8. B. C. Casto, W. J. Pieczynski, and J. A. DiPaolo, Enhancement 87 of adenovirus transformation by t cells with diverse chemical carcinogens, Cancer Res. 34: 72–78 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  9. B. C. Casto, W. J. Pieczynski, and J. A. DiPaolo, Enhancement of adenovirus transformation by pretreatment of hamster cells with carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Cancer Res. 33: 819–824 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  10. B. C. Casto, Detection of chemical carcinogens and mutagens in hamster cells by enhancement of adenovirus transformation in: “Advances in Modern Environmental Toxicology”, Vol. 1, N. M. Mishra, V. Dunkel, and M. Mehlman, eds., Senate Press, Princeton, N.J., 241–271 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  11. B. C. Casto, Detection of chemical carcinogens and mutagens in hamster cells by enhancement of adenovirus transformation in: “Advances in Modern Environmental Toxicology”, Vol. 1, N. M. Mishra, V. Dunkel, and M. Mehlman, eds., Senate Press, Princeton, N.J., 241–271 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  12. J. McCann, E. Choi, E. Yamasaki, and B. N. Ames, Detection of carcinogens as mutagens in the Salmonella/microsome test: Assay of 300 chemicals, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (U.S.A.) 72: 5135–5139 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  13. J. McCann and B. N. Ames, Detection of carcinogens as mutagens in the Salmonella/microsome test: Assay of 300 chemicals, Part II, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (U.S.A.) 73: 950–954 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  14. B. C. Casto, G. G. Hatch, S. L. Huang, J. L. Huisingh, S. Nesnow, and M. D. Waters, Mutagenic and carcinogenic potency of extracts of diesel and related environmental emissions: In Vitro mutagenesis and oncogenic transformation, in: “Health Effects of Diesel Engine Emissions”, Proceedings of an International Symposium, Vol. 2, USEPA-600/9-80-057a 843–860 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  15. B. C. Casto, Adenovirus transformation of hamster embryo cells, J. Virol. 2: 376–383 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  16. A. E. Freeman, P. H. Black, R. Wolford, and R. J. Huebner, Adenovirus type 12-rat embryo transformation system, J. Virol. 1: 362–367 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  17. B. C. Casto, W. J. Peiczynski, N. Janosko, and J. A. DiPaolo, Significance of treatment interval and DNA repair in the enhancement of viral transformation by chemical carcinogens and mutagens, Chem.-Biol. Interactions 13: 105–125 (1976).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. G. J. Todaro and H. Green, Enhancement by thymidine analogs of susceptibility of cells to transformation by SV40, Virology 24: 393–400 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. R. J. Lorenz, Zur statistik des plaque–Testes, Archiv. Gesamte Virus forschung 12: 108–137 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. IARC Mongraphs 11, 247, Lyon, France (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  21. E. Sawicki, Atmospheric genotoxicants — What numbers do we collect?, in: “Application of Short-term Bioassays in the Fractionation and Analysis of Complex Environmental Mixtures”, M. D. Waters, S. Nesnow, J. L. Huisingh, S. S. Sandhu, and L. Claxton, eds., Environmental Science Research, Vol. 15, Plenum Press, N.Y., 171–194 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  22. T. Page, R. H. Harris, and S. S. Epstein, Drinking water and cancer mortality in Louisiana, Science 193: 55–57 (1976).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. D. F. Krahn, Utilization of the CHO/HGPRT System: metabolic activation and method for testing gases, in: “Banbury Report 2, Mammalian Cell Mutagenesis: The Maturation of Test Systems”, W. H. Abraham, J. P. O’Neill, and V. R. McElheny, eds., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 249–276 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  24. V. F. Simmon, K. Kauhanen, and R. G. Tardiff, Mutagenic activity of chemicals identified in drinking water, in: “Progress in Genetic Toxicology”, D. Scott, B. A. Bridges, and F. H. Sobels, eds., Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam, 249–258 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  25. G. S. Samuelson, R. E. Rasmussen, B. K. Nair, and T. T. Crocker, Pollutants on mammalian cells, Environ. Sci. and Tech. 12: 426–430 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. P. J. Price, C. M. Hassett, and J. I. Mansfield, Transforming activities of trichloroethylene and proposed industrial alternatives, In Vitro 14: 290–293 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1982 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hatch, G.G., Mamay, P.D., Ayer, M.L., Casto, B.C., Nesnow, S. (1982). Methods for Detecting Gaseous and Volatile Carcinogens Using Cell Transformation Assays. In: Tice, R.R., Costa, D.L., Schaich, K.M. (eds) Genotoxic Effects of Airborne Agents. Environmental Science Research, vol 25. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3455-2_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3455-2_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-3457-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-3455-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics