Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Penetration of Brackish-Water by the Echinodermata

  • Chapter
Feeding and Survival Srategies of Estuarine Organisms

Part of the book series: Marine Science ((MR,volume 15))

Abstract

Various classifications of brackish-water based on physical considerations have been proposed (these include Redeke, 1922, 1933; Valikangas, 1926; Remane, 1934, 1940; Ekman, 1953). Biological considerations have also been applied (Heiden, 1900; Välikangas, 1933). The former author graded regions of differing salinity on the basis of particular assemblages of diatoms. There have been recent reviews concerning the classification of brackish-water (Symposium on the Classification of Brackish Waters, 1959; Remane and Schlieper, 1971). Following Kinne (1964c), it is probably sufficient for the purpose of this presentation to term any body of water with a salinity lying between 0.5%o and 30%o as brackish-water.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Beadle, L.C. (1943). Osmotic regulations and the fauna of inland waters. Biological Reviews 18: 172–183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bethe, A. (1930). The permeability of the surface of marine animals. Journal of General Physiology 13: 437–444.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bethe, A. (1934). Die Salz-und Wasser - Permeabilitat der Korperoberflachen verschiedener Seetiere in ihrem gegenseitigen Verhältnis. Pflugers Archiv fur die gesamte Physiologie des Menschen und der Tiere 234: 629–644.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Binyon, J. (1961). Salinity tolerance and permeability to water of the starfish Asterias rubens L. Journal of the Marine Biological Association UK 41: 161–174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Binyon, J. (1962). Ionic regulation and mode of adjustment to reduced salinity of the starfish Asterias rubens L. Journal of the Marine Biological Association UK 42: 49–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Binyon, J. (1966). Salinity Tolerance and Ionic Regulation, In: Physiology of Echinodermata. ed. by R. Boolootian. Chapter 15, 359–377, Interscience, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Binyon, J. (1972a). The effects of diluted sea water upon podial tissues of the starfish Asterias rubens. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 41a: 1–6.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Binyon, J. (1972b). Physiology of Echinoderms. Pergamon Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Binyon, J. (1976). The effects of reduced salinity upon the starfish Asterias rubens L. together with a special consideration of the integument and its permeability to water. Thalassia Jugoslavica 12: 11–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Binyon, J. (1978). Some observations upon the chemical composition of the starfish Asterias rubens L. with particular reference to strontium uptake. Journal of the Marine Biological Association UK 58: 441–449.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Binyon, J. (1980). Osmotic and hydrostatic permeability of the integument of the starfish Asterias rubens L. Journal of the Marine Biological Association UK 60: 627–630.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borei, H. and Wernsteadt, C. (1935). Zur Okologie un Variation von Psammechinus miliaris. Arkiv for Zoologi 289: 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Botazzi, F. (1908). Osmotischer Druck und electrische Leitfahigheit der Flussikeiten der einzelligen pflanzlichen und tierischen Organismen. Ergebnisse der Physiologie 7: 161–402.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, A. and Edelsten, D. (1977). Deep water renewal of Loch Etive: A Three Basin Scottish Fjord. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science 5: 575–595.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ekman, S. (1953). Zoogeography of the Sea. London, 1–418.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellington, W.R. and Lawrence, J.R. (1974). Coelomic fluid volume regulation and isosmotic intracellular regulation by Luidia clathrata (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) in response to hyposmotic stress. Biological Bulletin 146: 20–31.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Emerson, D.N. (1969). Influence of salinity of ammonia excretion rates and tissue constituents of euryhaline invertebrates. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 29: 1115–1133.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fell, H.B. (1948). Echinoderm embryology and the origin of the chordates. Biological Reviews 23: 81–107.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Florkin, M. (1962). La regulation isosmotique intracellulaire chez les invertebres marins euryhalins. Bulletin de l’Academie Royale de Belgique 48: 687–694.

    Google Scholar 

  • FrĂ©dĂ©ricq, L. (1901). Sur la concentration moleculaire du sang et des tissues chez les animaux aquatiques. Bulletin de l’Academie r. de medecine de Belgique Classe des sciences 8: 428–454.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, P.J. (1966). Observations on osmotic relationships in the holothurian Opheodesoma spectabilis. Pacific Science 20: 60–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gage, J.D. (1972a). A preliminary survey of the benthic macrofauna and sediments in Lochs Etive and Creran, sea-lochs along the west coast of Scotland. Journal of the Marine Biological Association UK 52: 237–276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gage, J.D. (1974). Shallow water zonation of sea-loch benthos and its relation to hydrographic and other physical features. Journal of the Marine Biological Association UK 54: 223–249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gezelius, G. (1963). Adaptation of the sea urchin Psammechinus miliaris to different salinities. Zoologie Bidrag, 35: 329–337.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giese, A.C. (1966). On the biochemical constitution of some echinoderms. In: Physiology of Echinodermata ( Boolootian, R.A. ed). Interscience, New York, 822 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giese, A.C. and Farmanfarmaian, A. (1963). Resistance of the purple sea urchin to osmotic stress. Biological Bulletin of the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole 124: 182–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gorzula. S. (1976). The Ecology of Ophiocomina nigra in the Firth of Clyde. Ph.D. Thesis, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heiden, H. (1900). Diatomeen des Conventer Sees bei Doberan etc. Milleilungen aus dem GroBherz. Merkl. - Geol Landesanst 10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeuniaux, C. et al. (1962). Regulation osmotique intracellulaire chez Asterias rubens L. Role du glycolle et de la taurine. Cahiers de biologie marine 3: 107–113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kinne. O. (1964b). The effects of temperature and salinity on marine and brackish-water animals. Oceanography and Marine Biology Annual Reviews 2: 281–339.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kinne, O. (1964c). Non-genetic adaptation to temperature and salinity. Helgolander wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen 9: 443–458.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kinne, 0. (1966). Physiological aspects of animal life in estuaries with special reference to salinity. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 3: (2) 223–244.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koizumi, T. (1932). Studies on the exchange and the equilibrium of water and electrolytes in a holothurian, Caudina chilensis. Science Reports of the Research Institutes, Tohoku University Series 4: 259–311.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koizumi, T. (1935). Studies on the exchange and the equilibrium of water and electrolytes in a holothurian, Caudina chilensis. Science Reports of the Research Institutes, Tohoku University Series 10: 269–275.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kowalski, R. (1955). Untersuchungen zur Biologie des Seesternes Asterias rubens L. in Brackwasser. Kieler Meeresforsuchungen 11: 201–213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krogh, A. (1939). Osmoregulation in Aquatic Animals. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 242 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lack, D. (1947). Darwin’s Finches. Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lange, R. (1964). The osmotic adjustment in the echinoderm Stronglocentrotus droebachiensis. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 13: 205–216.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence, J.M. (1975). The effect of temperature - salinity combinations on the functional well being of adult Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck) (Echinodermata, Echinoidea). Journal for Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 18: 271–275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loosanoff, V.L. (1942). Observations on starfish, Asterias forbesi exposed to sea water of reduced salinities. Anatomical Record Abstract 84: 86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loosanoff, V.L. (1945). Effects of sea water of reduced salinity upon starfish, Asterias forbesi of Long Island Sound. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 36: 813–835.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Macallum, A. (1903). On the inorganic composition of the medusae, Aurelia flavidula and Cyanea artica. Journal of Physiology 29: 213–242.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maloeuf, N.S.R. (1938). Studies on the respiration and osmoregulation of animals. Zeitschrift fur vergleichende Physiologie 25: 1–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pagett, R.M. (1978). Some physiological and ecological aspects of the penetration into brackish water by certain members of the Ophiuroidea. Ph.D. Thesis (Unpub.) University of London, 288 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pagett, R.M. (1980a). Distribution of sodium, potassium and chloride in the ophiuroid, Ophiocomina nigra (Abildgaard). Journal of the Marine Biological Association UK 60: 163–170.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pagett, R.M. (1980b). Tolerance to brackish water by Ophiuroids with special reference to a Scottish sea Loch, Loch Etive. In: Echinoderms: Present and Past (Jangoux, M. ed) Proceedings of the European Colloquium on Echinoderms, Brussels, 3–8 September, 1979. Balkema, A.A., Rotterdam, 223–229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearse, A.S. (1936). The migrations of animals from sea to land. Duke University Press, 1–176.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearse, J.S. (1967). Coelomic water volume control in the Antarctic sea star Odontaster validus. Nature 216: 1118–1119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearse, J.S. (1969). Slow developing demersal embryos and larvae of the antarctic sea star Odontaster validus. Marine Biology 3: 110–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prosser, C.L. and Brown, F.A. (1961). Comparative Animal Physiology. 2nd Edition Saunders, Philadelphia, 688p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Redeke, H.C. (1922a). Biologie der niederlandischen Brackwassertypen. Bijdragen tot de dierkunde Amsterdam 22: 239–335.

    Google Scholar 

  • Redeke, H.C. (1933). Uber den jetzigen Stand unserer Kenntnisse der Flora und Fauna des Brackwassers. Verhandlungen der International en Vereinigung fur Limnologie 6: 46–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reese, E.S. (1966). The complex behaviour of Echinoderms. In: The Physiology of Echinodermata, ed. R.A. Boolootian, 157–218.

    Google Scholar 

  • Remane, A. (1934a). Die Brackwasserfauna. Verhandlungen der Deutschen zoologischen Gesellschaft, 34–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Remane, A. (1940). Einfuhrung in die zoologische dkologie der Nord- und Ostee. In: Tierwelt der Nord-und Ostee, la: 1–238.

    Google Scholar 

  • Remane, A. (1959). Regionale Verschiedenheiten der Lebewesen gegen- uber dem Salzgehalt und ihre Bedeutung fur die Brackwasser-Einteilung. Arch. Oceanogr. e Limnol. ( Venezia) lis (Suppl ) 35–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Remane, A. and Schlieper, C. (1957). Biology of Brackish Water. Die Binnengewasser XXV, Interscience.

    Google Scholar 

  • Romanes, G.J. and Ewart, J.C. (1881). Observations on the locomotor system of Echinodermata. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 172s 829–885.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schlieper, C. (1957). Comparative study of Asterias rubens and Mytilus edulis from the North Sea and the Western Baltic. Annals Biology 33s 117–127.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schlieper, C. (1967). Genetic and non-genetic cellular resistance adaptation in marine invertebrates. Helgolander wissenschaft- liche Meeresuntersuchungen 14s 482–502.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schoener, A. (1972). Fecundity and possible mode of development of some deep-sea ophiuroids. Limnology and Oceanography 17s 193–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seek, Ch. (1958). Untersuchungen zur Frage der Tonenregulation bei in Brackwasser lebenden Evertebraten. Kieler Meeresforschungen 13s 220–243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Segerstrale, S. (1957a). Baltic Sea. Memoirs of the Geological Society of America 67s 1–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shumway, S.E. (1977). The effects of fluctuating salinities on four species of asteroid echinoderms. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 58as 177–179.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, G.F.M. (1940). Factors limiting distribution and size in the starfish Asterias forbesi. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 5s (1) 84–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stancyk, S.E. (1973). Development of Ophiolepis elegans (Echinodermata s Ophiuroidea) and its implications in the estuarine environment. Marine Biology 21: 7–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stancyk, S.E. (1975). The life history pattern of Ophiothrix angulata (Ophiuroidea). American Zoologist 15s (3) 793 (abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stancyk, S.E. and Shaffer, P.L. (1977). The salinity tolerance of Ophiothrix angulata (Say) (Echinodermata s Ophiuroidea) in latitudinally separate populations. Journal for Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 29s 35–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stephens, G.C. and Schinske, R.A. (1961). Uptake of amino acids by marine invertebrates. Limnology and Oceanography 6s 175–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stephens, G.C. and Virkar, R.A. (1966). Uptake or organic material by aquatic invertebrates. IV The influence of salinity on the uptake of amino acids by the brittlestar, Ophiactis arenosa. Biological Bulletin, 35s

    Google Scholar 

  • Stickle, W.B. and Ahokas, R. (1974). The effects of tidal fluctuations of salinity on the perivisceral fluid composition of several echinoderms. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 47as 469–476.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stickle, W.B. and Denoux, G.J. (1976). Effects of insitutidal salinity fluctuations on osmotic and ionic composition of body fluid in Southeastern Alaska Rocky Intertidal Fauna. Marine Biology 37; 125–135.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Symposium on the classification of Brackish waters. (1959). Venice, 8-14 April 1958, Arch. Oceanogr. Limnol. (Suppl) XI 248 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, L.P. (1961). Distribution and salinity tolerance in the amphiurid brittlestar, Ophiophragmus filograneous, (Lyman 1875). Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean 11: 158–160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thorson, G. (1957). Bottom communities (sublittoral or shallow shelf). Memoirs of the Geological Society of America 67: 461–534.

    Google Scholar 

  • Topping, F.L. and Fuller, J.L. (1942). The accommodation of some marine invertebrates to reduced osmotic pressures. Biological Bulletin of the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, 82: 372–384.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, R.L. (1974). Post-metamorphic growth of the arms in Ophiophragmus filograneous (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from Tampa Bay, Florida, USA. Marine Biology 24: 273–277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, R.L. (1980). Salinity tolerance of the brackish-water echinoderm Ophiophragmus filograneus (Ophiuroidea). Marine Ecology - Progress Series 2: 249–256.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tyler, P. (1976). The ecology and reproductive biology of the genus Ophiura with special reference to the Bristol Channel. Ph.D. Thesis Swansea, 247 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ussing, H.H. (1949). Transport of ions across cellular membranes. Physiological Reviews, Washington 29: 127–155.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Välikangas, J. (1926). Planktologische Untersuchungen im Hafengebiet von Helsingfors. Acta Zoologia Fennica 1: 1–277.

    Google Scholar 

  • Välikangas, J. (1933). Uber die Biologie der Ostee als Brackwasser- gebiet. Verhandlungen der Internationalen Vereinigung fur Limnologie 6: 62–112.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth Sciences, The University, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK

    Richard M. Pagett

Authors
  1. Richard M. Pagett
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Hull, Hull, UK

    N. V. Jones

  2. Rijksinstituut voor Natuurbeheer, Den Burg-Texel, The Netherlands

    W. J. Wolff

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1981 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pagett, R.M. (1981). The Penetration of Brackish-Water by the Echinodermata. In: Jones, N.V., Wolff, W.J. (eds) Feeding and Survival Srategies of Estuarine Organisms. Marine Science, vol 15. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3318-0_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3318-0_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-3320-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-3318-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation