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Silver Methods for the Impregnation of Degenerating Axoplasm

  • Chapter
Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing Methods

Abstract

The reduced silver methods were introduced in the beginning of this century (Ramón y Cajal, 1904; Bielschowsky, 1904), and they were initially appreciated primarily for their remarkable capacity to reveal normal histology and fiber architecture of the brain. Unfortunately, attempts to trace specific fiber systems using these methods were generally unsuccessful, because fiber bundles from a selected neuronal cell group could not be followed with any certainty through the complex meshwork of axons arising from other parts of the nervous system. In the 1930s, neuroanatomists (e.g., Hoff, 1932a,b; Glees and Le Gros Clark, 1941; Glees, 1946) discovered that the capacity of silver stains to identify axons in some stage of Wallerian degeneration* could be utilized to “mark” a system of interest, thus facilitating its recognition as it meandered through the nervous system. Thus, an area of the nervous system could be subjected to an experimental lesion, and, after an appropriate survival interval, the animal could be sacrificed, and its brain processed by a silver method to reveal degenerating axons en route to their destination. Although degenerating axons could usually be distinguished from normal ones in such preparations, evaluating this histological material was tedious, and the results often inaccurate or incomplete. A major breakthrough occurred when Nauta and his colleagues (Nauta, 1950; Nauta and Gygax, 1951, 1954; Nauta and Ryna, 1952) first developed a silver stain that was selective for degenerating neural elements.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Investigación Medica Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra, Cordoba, Argentina

    José S. de Olmos

  2. Department of Anatomy, University of Ponce, 00731, Ponce, Puerto Rico

    Sven O. E. Ebbesson

  3. Department of Neurology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA

    Lennart Heimer

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  1. José S. de Olmos
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  2. Sven O. E. Ebbesson
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  3. Lennart Heimer
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA

    Lennart Heimer

  2. University of California, Irvine, California, USA

    Martine J. Robards

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de Olmos, J.S., Ebbesson, S.O.E., Heimer, L. (1981). Silver Methods for the Impregnation of Degenerating Axoplasm. In: Heimer, L., Robards, M.J. (eds) Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing Methods. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3189-6_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3189-6_4

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