Abstract
The major morphogenetic events that occur during preimplantation development of the mammalian embryo are formation of a compact mass of cells (the morula) and formation of the blastocyst. Development of the blastocyst involves differentiation of a unique cell type, trophectoderm, that is necessary for implantation and nutrition of the embryo in the maternal environment, and the inner cell mass (ICM), which differentiates into primary endoderm and ectoderm before implantation (Snell and Stevens, 1966; Enders, 1971; Enders et al., 1978). In the mouse, trophectoderm can form even when there are few or no ICM cells, and hollow vesicles of trophectoderm can implant in vivo or grow out in vitro (Gardner, 1972; Ansell and Snow, 1975; Sherman, 1975; Sherman and Atienza-Samols, 1979). However, subsequent proliferation of trophectoderm cells to form the ectoplacental cone and extraembryonic ectoderm depends on the presence of the ICM. The ICM itself gives rise to the fetus and to the extraembryonic membranes but cannot implant or survive in the uterus in the absence of trophectoderm (Gardner, 1972; Gardner et al., 1973). Thus, the early postimplantation development of mouse embryos, and perhaps other mammalian embryos, depends on the successful differentiation and interaction of the two cell populations that form in the preimplantation period.
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References
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Pedersen, R.A., Spindle, A.I. (1981). Cellular and Genetic Analysis of Mouse Blastocyst Development. In: Glasser, S.R., Bullock, D.W. (eds) Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Implantation. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3180-3_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3180-3_7
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