Summary
Negative rejections of Calcium up to −400% and of Sodium up to −700% have been measured in the ultrafiltration of gelatin solutions containing these ions, using neutral membranes (DDS). Rejection was found to be a function of gelatin concentration, pH, and transmembrane pressure with the cations exhibiting the strongest negative rejection for high concentrations of gelatin, low pH and low values of transmembrane pressure. However the effect was reduced by operation in gel-polarised conditions (higher transmembrane pressures) in which case the positively charged gel layer retarded the passage of the cations, leading to positive rejection of the calcium ions.
A model, based on the convective and diffusive transport of ions for normal ultrafiltration, coupled with Donnan membrane theory, has been developed for the pre-gel polarised condition of operation. This model successfully predicts the negative rejections obtained experimentally.
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Akred, A.R., Fane, A.G., Friend, J.P. (1980). Negative Rejections of Cations in the Ultrafiltration of Gelatin and Salt Solutions. In: Cooper, A.R. (eds) Ultrafiltration Membranes and Applications. Polymer Science and Technology, vol 13. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3162-9_25
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3162-9_25
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