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The Need for Both in Vitro and in Vivo Systems in Mutagenicity Screening

  • Chapter
Chemical Mutagens

Abstract

This century has seen man develop an unprecedented reliance on synthetic chemicals, the majority of which are uncharacterized with respect to carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. Prominent uses of these chemicals include food additives and dyes, prescription and nonprescription drugs, pesticides, and industrial chemicals. In retrospect, some of these chemicals (e.g., vinyl chloride, (166) chloroprene, (284) and anesthetic gases (308) appear to have caused chronic, adverse effects such as cancer and reproductive failure in certain exposed human populations. The circumstances that have led to this predicament are not as abstruse as their resolution. In the 20th-century continuation of the Industrial Revolution, our technology brought us into an era of wide-scale use of synthetic chemicals. It is an age much in step with the nuclear and space ages and part of the same technicosocial phenomena. Mass exposure to these substances began in a time that lacked an appreciation for both chemical carcinogenesis and mutagenesis. Since their introduction, synthetic chemicals have become enwebbed in and essential to our modern life style, and their industry has grown into a multibillion-doll ar enterprise-the greatest expansion having occurred since World War II, a span of less than one human lifetime. Given the great number of synthetic chemicals, their ubiquitousness in our society, what is already known about the adverse effects of some of these chemicals, and undetermined about the others, the benefits of this chemical age could have an unforeseen price. In terms of ourselves as a population of living organisms, we could be suffering chemical shock-the severity of which is only now beainnina to be Gauged.

Portions of this chapter have appeared previously in print (Cancer Res. 39, 3289-3318, 1979).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, Division of Environmental Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77550, USA

    Stephen J. Rinkus & Marvin S. Legator

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  1. Stephen J. Rinkus
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  2. Marvin S. Legator
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  1. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA

    Frederick J. de Serres

  2. Associated Universities, Inc., Washington, D. C., USA

    Alexander Hollaender

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© 1980 Plenum Press, New York

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Rinkus, S.J., Legator, M.S. (1980). The Need for Both in Vitro and in Vivo Systems in Mutagenicity Screening. In: de Serres, F.J., Hollaender, A. (eds) Chemical Mutagens. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3072-1_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3072-1_13

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