Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

The Biosaline Concept pp 47–67Cite as

Salt Tolerance of Plants: Strategies of Biological Systems

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Environmental Science Research ((ESRH,volume 14))

Abstract

Large terrestrial areas of the world are affected by levels of salt inimical to plant growth. It has been estimated that as many as 4 × 108hectares (ha) of the 1.5 × 109 ha land currently under cultivation have enough salt to reduce the agronomic potential of these areas (28). This is exclusive of the regions classified as arid lands (14). With the enormous amount of arid land, it is very possible that the hectares of land affected by elevated levels of salt will exceed 1.5 × 109 ha or approximately 40% of the 4 × 109 ha of potentially arable land.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Borowitzka, L. J., A. D. Brown, 1974. The salt regulations of marine and halophilic species of the unicellular green algae, Dunaliella. The role of glycerol as a compatible solute. Arch. Microbiol. 96: 37–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Caldwell, M.M. 1974. Physiology of desert halophytes. In: R.J. Reimold and W.H. Queen, Eds., Ecology of Halophytes, Academic Press, NY, pp. 355–378.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Chapman, V.J. 1974. Salt marshes and salt deserts of the world. J. Cramer, 392 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Craigie, J.S. 1974. Storage Products. In: W.D.P. Stewart, Ed., Algal Physiology and Biochemistry, Univ. of Calif. Press, pp. 206–235.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Cram, W.J. 1976. Negative feedback regulation of transport in cells. The maintenance of turgor, volume and nutrient supply. In: Transport in Plants, II, Part A. Cells. U. Luttge and M.G. Pitman, eds., Encyclopaedia of Plant Physiol., Vol. 2, pp. 284–316.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Croughan, T.P., D.W. Rains and Suzan J. Stavarek. 1978. Salt tolerant lines of cultured alfalfa cells. Crop Science 18: 959–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Dewey, D.R. 1962. Breeding crested wheatgrass for salt tolerance. Crop Sci. 2: 403–407.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils. L. A. Richards, ed., U.S Salinity Laboratory, Handbook 60, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Dix, P.J. and H.E. Street. 1975. Sodium chloride-resistant cultured cell lines from Nicotiana sylvestris and Capsicum annum. Plant Sci. Letters 5: 231–237.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Epstein, E. 1972. Mineral nutrition of plants: Principles and perspectives. Wiley and Sons., Inc., NY.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Epstein, E. 1977. Genetic potentials for solving problems of soil mineral stress: Adaptation of crops to salinity. Proc. Workshop on Plant adaptation to Mineral Stress in Problem Soils. M.J. Wright, ed. A Special Publ. of Cornell University Agric. Exper. Sta., Ithaca, p. 73–82.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Epstein, E. and J.D. Norlyn. 1977. Seawater based crop production A feasibility study. Science 197: 249–251.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. Epstein, E., D.W. Rains and O.E. Elzam. 1963. Resolution of dual mechanisms of potassium adsorption by barley roots. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 49: 684–692.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. Flowers, T.J., P.F. Troke and A.R. Yeo. 1977. The mechanism of salt tolerance in halophytes. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 28: 89–121.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Greenway, H. 1973. Salinity, plant growth and metabolism. J. Aust Inst. Agric. Sci. 39: 24–34.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Greenway, H. and C.B. Osmond. 1972. Salt responses of enzymes from species differing in salt tolerance. Plant Physiol. 49:256– 259.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Hellebust, J.A. 1976. Osmoregulation. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 27: 485–505.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Hochachka, P.W. and G.N. Somero. 1973. Strategies of biochemical adaptation. W.B. Saunders, Co., Philadelphia, PA.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Huffaker, R.C. and D.W. Rains. 1978. Factors influencing nitrate acquisition by plants; assimilation and fate of reduced nitrogen. In: Nitrogen in the Environment, Soil-Plant-Nitrogen Relationships. D.R. Nielsen and J.G. MacDonald eds., Acad. Press, NY, pp. 1–43.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Jacoby, B. 1965. Sodium retention in excised bean stem. Physiol. Plant. 18: 730–739.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Jennings, D.H. 1968. Halphytes, succulence and sodium in plants- a unified theory. New Phytol. 67: 899–911.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Johnson, M.K., E.L. Johnson, R.D. MacElroy, H.L. Speer and B.S. Bruff. 1968. Effects of salt on the halophilic alga Dunaliella viridis. J. Bacteriol. 95: 1461–1468.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Joshi, G.V. 1976. Studies in photosynthesis under saline conditions. Report of P.L. 480 Project, Shivraji Univ. Kalhapur, India.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Laetsch, M.W. 1974. The C4 syndrome: A structural analysis. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 25: 27–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Luttge, U. and M.G. Pitman. 1976. Transport and energy (see ref. 5 ), pp. 252–259.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Luttge, U., E. Ball and H.W. Trombolla. 1975. Potassium independence of osmoregulated oscillations of malate2- levels in the cells of CAM-leaves. Biochem. Physiol. Pflanz. 167: 67–83.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Matile, P. 1978. Biochemistry and function of vacuoles. Ann. Rev. of Plant Physiol. 29: 193–213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Mudie, P.J. 1974. The potential economic uses of halphytes. In: R.J. Reimold and W.H. Queen, eds. Acadmic Press, NY, pp. 565–597.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Nabors, M.W., A. Daniels, L. Nabolny and C. Brown. 1975. Sodium chlordie tolerant lines of tobacco cells. Plant Sci. Letters 4: 155–159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Naylor, A.W. 1972. Water deficits and nitrogen metabolism. In: Water Deficits and Plant Growth. III. Plant Responses and Control of Water Balance. T.T. Kozlowski, ed., Academic Press, NY. pp. 241–254.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Osmond, C.B. 1978. Crassulacean acid metabolism: A curiosity in context. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 29: 379–414.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Okamoto, H. and Y. Suzuki. 1964. Intracellular concentrations of ions in a halophilic strain of Chlamydomonas. I. Concentration of Na, K, and CI in the cell. A. Algem. Mikrobiol. 4: 350–357.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Poljakoff-Mayber, A. 1975. Morphological and anatomical changes in plants as response to salinity stress. In: Plants in Saline Environments, A. Poljakoff-Mayber and J. Gale, eds., Ecol. Series #15, Chapt. 6, Springer-Verlag, pp. 97–117.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Rains, D.W. 1969. Cation absorption by slices of stem tissue of bean and cotton. Experimentia 25: 215–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Rains, D.W. 1972. Salt transport by plants in relation to salinity. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 23: 357–388.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Rains, D.W. 1976. Mineral metabolism. In: Plant Biochemistry, J. Bonner and J.E. Varner. eds.. 3rd Edition. Academic Press. NY.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Rains, D.W. and E. Epstein. 1967. Sodium absorption by barley roots: role of the dual mechanisms of alkalication transport. Plant Physiol. 42: 314–318.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Rains, D.W. and E. Epstein. 1967. Preferential absorption of potassium by leaf tissue of the mangrove, Avicennia marina: An aspect of halophytic competence in coping with salt. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 20: 847–857.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Raven, J.A. 1976. Transport in algal cells (see Ref. 5), pp. 129– 188.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Rush, D.W. and E. Epstein. 1976. Genotypic responses to salinity differences between salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant genotypes of tomato. Plant Physiol. 57: 162–166.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Schrimper, A.F.W. 1935. Pflanzengeographie auf physiologischer grundlag, 3rd ed. Verlag von Gustav, Fischer, Java.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Shomer-Ilan, A. and Y. Waisel. 1976. Further comments on the effects of NaCl on photosynthesis in Aeluropus litoralis. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 77: 272–273.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Smith, F.A. and J.A. Raven. 1976. H+ transport and regulation of cell pH (see ref. 5 ), pp. 317–346.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Smith, J.F. 1965. Imperial Valley Salt Balance, Public Information Office, Imperial Irrigation District, Brawley, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Soeder, C. and E. Stengel. 1974. Physico-chemical factors affecting metabolism and growth rate. In: Algal Physiology and Biochemistry, W.D.P. Stewart, ed., Univ. of Calif. Press, pp. 714–740.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Sommers, F. (ed.). 1975. Seed-bearing halophytes as food plants. Proceedings of a Conference, University of Delaware.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Storey, R. and R.G. Wyn Jones. 1975. Betaine and choline levels in plants and their relationship to sodium chloride stress. Plant Sci. Letters 4: 161–168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Thorne, D.W. and H.B. Peterson. 1965. Irrigated Soils. New York, McGraw-Hill, Blakiston Division.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Ting, I.P. and Z. Hanscom, III. 1977. Induction of acid metabolism in Portulacaria afra. Plant Physiol. 59: 511–514.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Ting, I.P. and C.B. Osmond. 1973. Photosynthetic phosphoenol-pyruvate carboxylases. Characteristics of alloenzymes for leaves of C3 and C4 plants. Plant Physiol. 51: 439–447.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Waisel, Y. 1972. Biology of halophytes. Physiol. Ecol. Monogr Kozlowski, ed., Academic Press, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Weyle, P.K. 1970. Oceanography. An introduction to the marine environment. Wiley Sons, NY.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy & Range Science and Plant Growth Laboratory, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA

    D. William Rains

Authors
  1. D. William Rains
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Associated Universities, Inc., Washington, D.C., USA

    Alexander Hollaender

  2. National Science Foundation, USA

    James C. Aller  & Oskar R. Zaborsky  & 

  3. University of California, Davis, USA

    Emanuel Epstein

  4. Indiana University, USA

    Anthony San Pietro

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1979 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Rains, D.W. (1979). Salt Tolerance of Plants: Strategies of Biological Systems. In: Hollaender, A., Aller, J.C., Epstein, E., San Pietro, A., Zaborsky, O.R. (eds) The Biosaline Concept. Environmental Science Research, vol 14. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3021-9_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3021-9_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-3023-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-3021-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation