Skip to main content

Biosynthesis of Glycosaminoglycans

  • Chapter

Abstract

The low levels of glycosaminoglycans present in nervous tissue have in the past deterred the study of their chemistry and metabolism in this tissue. Now, however, the use of radioisotopes, the recent development of sensitive, specific colorimetric and enzyme methodologies, and the development of procedures for the isolation of the various cell types and subcellular fractions unique to nervous tissue have prompted renewed interest as to the role of glycosaminoglycans in the development and function of this tissue in health and disease. This chapter reviews recent progress concerning the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans in nervous tissue.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Bachhawat, B. K., Balasubramanian, K. A., Balasubramanian, A. S., Singh, M., George, E., and Chandrasekaran, E. V., 1972, Chemistry and metabolism of glycosaminoglycans of the nervous system, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 25: 51.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baker, J. R., Rodén, L., and Stoolmiller, A. C., 1972, Biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan and other exogenous acceptors, J. Biol. Chem. 247: 3838.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balasubramanian, A. S., and Bachhawat, B. K., 1961, Formation of active sulfate in rat brain, J. Sci. Ind. Res. 20C: 202.

    Google Scholar 

  • Balasubramanian, A. S., and Bachhawat, B. K., 1964, Enzymic transfer of sulphate from 3′- phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulphate to mucopolysaccharides in rat brain, J. Neurochem. 11: 877.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balasubramanian, A. S., and Bachhawat, B. K., 1970, Sulfate metabolism in brain, Brain Res. 20: 341.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bandurski, R. S., Wilson, L. G., and Squires, C. L., 1956, The mechanism of active sulfate formation, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 78: 6408.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barondes, S. H., 1968, Incorporation of radioactive glucosamine into macromolecules at nerve endings, J. Neurochem. 15: 699.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Basu, D. K., and Bachhawat, B. K., 1961, Purification of uridine diphosphoglucose pyrophos- phorylase from human brain, J. Neurochem. 7: 174.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boström, H., and Odeblad, E., 1953, Autoradiographic observations on the uptake of S35- labelled sodium sulphate in the nervous system of the adult rat, Acta Psychiatr. Neurol. Scand. 28: 5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandt, A. E., 1971, Studies on the biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate, Doctoral dissertation, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandt, A. E., Distler, J., and Jourdian, G. W., 1969, Biosynthesis of the chondroitin sulfate- protein linkage region: Purification and properties of a glucuronosyltransferase from embryonic chick brain, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 64: 374.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brandt, A. E., Distler, J. J., and Jourdian, G. W., 1975, Biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, J. Biol. Chem. 250: 3996.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Breckenridge, B. M., and Crawford, E. J., 1961, The quantitative histochemistry of the brain, J. Neurochem. 7: 234.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Breckenridge, W. C., and Wolfe, L. S., 1973, The effect of dolichol phosphate on the synthesis of lipid bound sugars in embryonic chick brain, FEBS Lett. 29: 66.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chandra, M., and Bhaduri, A. N., 1976, Purification and partial characterization of UDP- glucose-4-epimerase from goat brain, J. Neurochem. 27: 641.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Comb, D. G., and Roseman, S., 1958, Glucosamine metabolism. IV. Glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase, J. Biol. Chem. 232: 807.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cotman, C. W., Banker, G., Churchill, L., and Taylor, D., 1974, Isolation of postsynaptic densities from rat brain, J. Cell Biol. 63: 441.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • D’Abramo, F., and Lipmann, F., 1957, The formation of adenosine-3’-phosphate-5’-phospho- sulfate in extracts of chick embryo cartilage and its conversion into chondroitin sulfate, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 25: 211.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Den, H., Kaufman, B., and Roseman, S., 1970, Properties of some glycosyltransferases in embryonic chicken brain, J. Biol. Chem. 245: 6607.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Robertis, E., 1967, Ultrastructure and cytochemistry of the synaptic region, Science 156: 907.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Distler, J., and Jourdian, G. W., 1972, UDP-glucose: β-Xyloside transglucosylase from embryonic chicken brain, Methods Enzymol. 28: 482.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dorfman, A., and Ho, P.-L., 1970, Synthesis of acid mucopolysaccharides by glial tumor cells in tissue culture, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 66: 495.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dziewiatkowski, D. D., 1953, Sulfate-sulfur metabolism in the rat fetus as indicated bysulfur-35, J. Exp. Med. 96: 119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dziewiatkowski, D. D., 1970, Metabolism of sulfate esters, in: Symposium: Sulfur in Nutrition ( O. H. Muth and J. E. Oldfield, eds.), pp. 97–125, Avi Publishing Co., Westport, Connecticut.

    Google Scholar 

  • Faulkner, P., and Quastel, J. H., 1956, Anaerobic deamination of D-glucosamine by bacterial and brain extracts, Nature (London) 177: 1216.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fluharty, A. L., Davis, M. L., Trammell, J. L., Stevens, R. L., and Kihara, H., 1975, Mucopolysaccharides synthesized by cultured glial cells derived from a patient with Sanfilippo syndrome, J. Neurochem. 25: 429.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fransson, L.-A., 1970, Structure and metabolism of the proteoglycans of dermatan sulfate, in: Chemistry and Molecular Biology of the Intercellular Matrix ( E. A. Balazs, ed.), Vol. 2, pp. 823–842, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friede, R. L., 1966, Topographic Brain Chemistry, p. 444, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • George, E., and Bachhawat, B. K., 1970, Brain glycosaminoglycans and glyocosaminoglycan sulfotransferase in Sanfilippo syndrome, Clin. Chim. Acta 30: 317.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • George, E., Singh, M., and Bachhawat, B. K., 1970, The nature of sulfation catalyzed by brain sulfotransferase of uronic acid containing glycosaminoglycans, J. Neurochem. 17: 189.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg, J. M., and Cunningham, W. L., 1970, Incorporation of [35S]sulfate into the glyco-saminoglycans of rat brain, Biochem. J. 120: 15 P.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, E. G., and Whittaker, V. P., 1962, The isolation of nerve endings from brain: An electron- microscopic study of cell fragments derived by homogenization and centrifugation, J. Anat. (London) 96: 79.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gregory, J. D., and Lipmann, F., 1957, The transfer of sulfate among phenolic compound with 3′5′-diphosphoadenosine as coenzyme, J. Biol. Chem. 229: 1081.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guha, A., Northover, B. J., and Bachhawat, B. K., 1960, Incorporation of radioactive sulfate into chondroitin sulfate in the developing brain of rats, J. Sci. Ind. Res. 19: 287.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hay, E. D., and Meier, S., 1974, Glycosaminoglycan synthesis by embryonic inductors: Neural tube, notochord, and lens, J. Cell Biol. 62: 889.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Helting, T., 1971, Biosynthesis of heparin—Solubilization, partial separation and purification of uridine diphosphate-galactose: Acceptor galactosyltransferases from mouse mastocytoma, J. Biol. Chem. 246: 815.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Helting, T., 1972, Biosynthesis of heparin—Solubilization and partial purification of uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid: Acceptor glucuronosyltransferase from mouse mastocytoma, J. Biol. Chem. 247: 4327.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Helting, T., and Lindahl, U., 1972, Biosynthesis of heparin. I. Transfer of W-acetylglucosamine and glucuronic acid to low molecular weight heparin fragments, Acta Chem. Scand. 26: 3515.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Helting, T., and Rod£n, L., 1968, The carbohydrate-protein linkage region of chondroitin-6- sulfate, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 170: 301.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Helting, T., and Roden, L., 1969, Biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate. II. Glucuronosyl transfer in the formation of the carbohydrate-protein linkage region, J. Biol. Chem. 244: 2799.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hemming, F. W., 1974, Lipids in glycan biosynthesis, in: MTP International Review of Science: Biochemistry Series One ( T. W. Goodwin, ed.), Vol. 4, pp. 39–97, University Park Press, Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hook, M., Lindahl, U., Backstrom, G., Malmstrom, A., and Fransson, L.-A., 1974, Biosynthesis of heparin. III. Formation of iduronic acid residues, J. Biol. Chem. 249: 3908.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobson, B., 1970, The biosynthesis of hyaluronic acid, in: Chemistry and Molecular Biology of the Intercellular Matrix ( E. A. Balazs, ed.), Vol. 2, pp. 763–781, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobson, B., and Davidson, E. A., 1962, Biosynthesis of uronic acids by skin enzymes. II. Uridine diphosphate D-glucuronic acid-5-epimerase, J. Biol. Chem. 237: 638.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Katzman, R. L., 1971, On arabinose as a constituent of hyaluronic acid from bovine brain, J. Neurochem. 18: 1187.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy, J. F., 1976, Chemical and biochemical aspects of the glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans in health and disease, in: Advances in Clinical Chemistry ( O. Bodansky and A. L. Latner, eds.), Vol. 18, pp. 1–76, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kimata, K., Okayama, M., Oohira, A., and Suzuki, S., 1973, Cytodifferentiation and proteoglycan biosynthesis, Mol. Cell. Biochem. 1: 211.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koransky, W., 1958, Trennungund Bestimmungder Nucleotide des Gehirns, Naunyn-Schmiede- bergs Arch. Pharmakol. 234: 46.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuriyama, K., and Okada, T. A., 1971, Incorporatiion of 35S-sulfate into developing mouse brain: Subcellular fractionation and electron microscopic studies, Exp. Neurol. 30: 18.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lennarz, W. J., 1975, Lipid linked sugars in glycoprotein synthesis, Science 188: 986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lie, S. O., McKusik, V. A., and Neufeld, E. F., 1972, Simulation of genetic mucopolysaccharidoses in normal human fibroblasts by alteration of pH of the medium, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 69: 2361.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Louisot, P., and Broquet, P., 1973, Subcellular localization of glycosyltransferases in synapto-somes and mitochondria of brain, in: Central Nervous System—Studies on Metabolic Regulation and Function ( E. Genazzani and H. Herken, eds.), pp. 164–166, Springer-Verlag, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maker, H. S., and Lehrer, G. M., 1972, Carbohydrate chemistry of brain, in: Basic Neurochemistry ( R. W. Albers, G. J. Siegel, R. Kataman, and B. W. Agranoff, eds.), pp. 169–190, Little, Brown, Boston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malmstrom, A., Fransson, L.-A., Hook, M., and Lindahl, U., 1975, Biosynthesis of dermatan sulfate. I. Formation of L-iduronic acid residues, J. Biol. Chem. 250: 3419.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Margolis, R. K., and Margolis, R. U., 1970, Sulfated glycopeptides from rat brain glycoproteins, Biochemistry U.S.A. 9: 4389.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Margolis, R. K., Crockett, C. P., Kiang, W.-L., and Margolis, R. U., 1976, Glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins associated with rat brain nuclei, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 451: 465.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Margolis, R. U., 1967, Acid mucopolysaccharides and proteins of bovine whole brain, white matter and myelin, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 141: 91.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Margolis, R. U.,and Margolis, R. K., 1972, Sulfate turnover in mucopolysaccharides and glycoproteins of brain, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 264: 426.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Margolis, R. U., and Margolis, R. K., 1974, Distribution and metabolism of mucopolysaccharides and glycoproteins in neuronal perikarya, astrocytes, and oligodendroglia, Biochemistry U.S.A. 13: 2849.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Margolis, R. U., Margolis, R. K., Chang, L. B.,and Preti,C., 1975, Glycosaminoglycans of brain during development, Biochemistry U.S.A. 14: 85.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Margolis, R. U., Lalley, K., Kiang, W.-L., Crockett, C., and Margolis, R. K., 1976, Isolation and properties of a soluble chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan from brain, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 73: 1018.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maxwell, E. S., Kalckar, H. M.,and Burton, R. M., 1955, Galacto-waldenase and the enzymatic incorporation of galactose-1-phosphate in mammalian tissue, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 18: 444.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, R. R., and Waechter, C. J., 1978, Enzymatic sulfation of membrane-associated proteoglycans by pig brain, Trans. Am. Soc. Neurochem. 9: 158.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, I. G., Wolfe, L. S., Mandel, P., and Gombos, G., 1971, Isolation of plasma membranes from rat brain, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 241: 737.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Norton, W. T., and Poduslo, S. E., 1970, Neuronal soma and whole neuroglia of rat brain: A new isolation technique, Science 167: 1144.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Norton, W. T., and Poduslo, S. E., 1971, Neuronal perikarya and astroglia of rat brain: Chemical composition during myelination, J. Lipid Res. 12: 84.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Odeblad, E., and Bostrom, H., 1952, An autoradiographic study of the incorporation of 35S- labeled sodium sulfate in different organs of adult rats and rabbits, Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. 31: 339.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parodi, A. J., and Leloir, L. F., 1976, Lipid intermediates in protein glycosylation, Trends Biochem. Sci. 1: 58.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pattabiraman, T. N., and Bachhawat, B. K., 1961a, Purification of glucosamine 6-phosphate deaminase from human brain, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 54:273.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pattabiraman, T. N., and Bachhawat, B. K., 1961b, Purification and properties of acetyl glucosamine kinase from sheep brain, J. Sci. Ind. Res. 20C:14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pattabiraman, T. N., and Bachhawat, B. K., 1961c, Purification of uridine diphospho acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase from sheep brain, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 50: 129.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pattabiraman, T. N., and Bachhawat, B. K., 1962a, Purification of glucosamine-6-phosphate N- acetylase from sheep brain, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 59: 681.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pattabiraman, T. N., and Bachhawat, B. K., 1962b, Interconversion of N-acetyl glucosamine 6-phosphate and N-acetyl glucosamine 1-phosphate in rat brain, J. Sci. Ind. Res. 21C: 352.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poduslo, S. E., and Norton, W. T., 1972, Isolation and some chemical properties of oligodendroglia from calf brain, J. Neurochem. 19: 727.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Polansky, J. R., Toole, B. P., and Gross, J., 1974, Brain hyaluronidase: Changes in activity during chick development, Science 183: 862.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ringertz, N. R., 1956, On the sulphate metabolism of the mouse brain, Exp. Cell Res. 10: 230.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robbins, P. W., and Lipmann, F., 1956, The enzymatic sequence in the biosynthesis of active sulfate, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 78: 6409.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, J. D., and Green, J. P., 1962, Sulfomucopolysaccharides in brain, Yale J. Biol. Med. 35: 248.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodén, L., 1970, Biosynthesis of acidic glycosaminoglycans (Mucopolysaccharides), in: Metabolic Conjugation and Metabolic Hydrolysis ( W. H. Fishman, ed.), Vol. II, pp. 346–432, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodén, L., and Schwartz, N. B., 1973, The biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate, Biochem. Soc. Trans. 1: 227.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodén, L., Baker, J. R., Cifonelli, A., and Mathews, M. B., 1972A, Isolation and characterization of connective tissue polysaccharides, Methods Enzymol. 28B:73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodén, L., Baker, J. R., Helting, T., Schwartz, N. B., Stoolmiller, A. C., Yamagata, S., and Yamagata, T., 1972B, Biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate, Methods Enzymol. 28B:638.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roseman. S., 1959, Metabolism of connective tissue, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 28: 545.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sampaio, L. O., Dietrich, C. P., and Filko, O. G., 1977, Changes in sulfated mucopolysaccharide composition of mammalian tissues during growth and in cancer tissues, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 498: 123.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Satoh, C., Duff, R., Ropp, F., and Davidson, E. A., 1973, Production of mucopolysaccharides by normal and transformed cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 70: 54.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saxena, S., George, E., Kokrady, S., and Bachhawat, B. K., 1971, Sulphate metabolism in developing rat brain: A study with subcellular fractions, Indian J. Biochem. Biophys. 8: 1.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schachter, H., and Roden, L., 1973, The biosynthesis of animal glycoproteins, in: Metabolic Conjugation and Metabolic Hydrolysis ( W. H. Fishman, ed.), Vol. III. pp. 2–149, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, N. B., Roden, L., and Dorfman. A., 1974, Biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate: Interaction between xylosyltransferase and galactosyltransferase, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 56: 717.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sellinger, O. Z., Azcurra, J. M., Johnson, D. E., Ohlsson, W. G., and Lodin, Z., 1971, Independence of protein synthesis and drug uptake in nerve cell bodies and glial cells isolated by a new technique, Nature (London) New Biol. 230: 253.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silbert. J. E., and DeLuca, S., 1969, Biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate. III. Formation of a sulfated glycosaminoglycan with a microsomal preparation from chick embryo cartilage, J. Biol. Chem. 244: 876.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simpson, D. L., Thorne, D. R., and Loh, H. H., 1976, Sulfated glycoproteins, glycolipids, and glycosaminoglycans from synaptic plasma and myelin membranes: Isolation and characterization of sulfated glycopeptides, Biochemistry U.S.A. 15: 5449.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, M., and Bachhawat, B. K., 1965, The distribution and variation with age of different uronic acid-containing mucopolysaccharides in brain, J. Neurochem. 12: 519.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, M., and Bachhawat, B. K., 1968, Isolation and characterization of glycosaminoglycans in human brain of different age groups, J. Neurochem. 15: 249.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, M., Chandrasekaran, E. V., Cherian, R., and Bachhawat, B. K., 1969, Isolation and characterization of glycosaminoglycans in brain of different species, J. Neurochem. 16: 1157.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stary, Z., Wardi, A., and Turner, D., 1964, Galacturonic acid and hydrolysates of defatted human brain, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 83: 242.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stoolmiller, A. C., 1972, Biosynthesis of mucopolysaccharides by neuroblastoma cells in tissue culture, Fed. Proc. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol. 31: 910 (abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoolmiller, A. C., and Dorfman, A., 1970, The biosynthesis of hyaluronic acid in group A streptococci, in: Chemistry and Molecular Biology of the Intercellular Matrix ( E. A. Balazs, ed.), Vol. 2, pp. 783–794, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoolmiller, A. C., Horwitz, A. L., and Dorfman, A., 1972, Biosynthesis of the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan: Purification and properties of xylosyltransferase, J. Biol. Chem. 247: 3525.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stoolmiller, A. C., Dawson, G., and Dorfman, A., 1973, The metabolism of glycosphingolipids and glycosaminoglycans, in: Tissue Culture of the Nervous System ( G. Sato, ed.), pp. 247–280, Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki, S., and Strominger, J. L., 1960A, Enzymatic sulfation of mucopolysaccharides in hen oviduct. I. Transfer of sulfate from 3’-phosphoadenosine 5’-phosphosulfate to mucopolysaccharides, J. Biol. Chem. 235:257.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki, S., and Strominger, J. L., 1960b, Enzymatic sulfation of mucopolysaccharides in hen oviduct. II. Mechanism of the reaction studied with oligosaccharides and monosaccharides as acceptors, J. Biol. Chem. 235: 267.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki, S., and Strominger, J. L., 1960c, Enzymatic sulfation of mucopolysaccharides in hen oviduct. III. Mechanism of sulfation of chondroitin and chondroitin sulfate A, J. Biol. Chem. 235: 274.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki, S., Trenn, R. H.,and Strominger, J. L., 1961, Separation of specific mucopolysaccharide sulfotransferases, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 50: 169.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Szabo, M. M., and Roboz-Einstein, E., 1962, Acidic polysaccharides in the central nervous system, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 98: 406.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Telser, A., Robinson, H. C., and Dorfman, A., 1966, The biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 116: 458.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turco, S. J., and Heath, E. C., 1977, Glucuronosyl-N-acetylglucosaminyl pyrophosphoryl dolichol formation in SV4O-transformed human lung fibroblasts and biosynthesis in rat lung microsomal preparations, J. Biol. Chem. 252: 918.

    Google Scholar 

  • Uvnäs, B., 1973, An attempt to explain nervous transmitter release as due to nerve impulse- induced cation exchange, Acta Physiol. Scand. 87: 168.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Uzman, B. G., Murray, M. R., and Saito, H., 1973, Incorporation of [35S]sulfate into chondroitin sulfates by organized cultures of murine peripheral, sympathetic and central nervous tissue, J. Neurobiol. 4: 429.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Varma, R., Vercellotti, J. R., and Varma, R. S., 1977, On arabinose as a component of brain hyaluronate: Confirmation by chromatographic, enzymatic and chemical ionization- mass spectrometric analyses, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 497: 608.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vitello, L., Breen, M., Weinstein, H. G., Sittig, R. A., and Blacik, L. J., 1978, Keratan sulfate- like glycosaminoglycan in the cerebral cortex of the brain and its variation with age, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 539: 305.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vos, J., Kuriyama, K., and Roberts, E., 1969, Distribution of acid mucopolysaccharides in subcellular fractions of mouse brain, Brain Res. 12: 172.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waechter, C. J., and Lennarz, W. J., 1976, The role of polyprenol-linked sugars in glycoprotein synthesis, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 45: 95.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waechter, C. J., Lucas, J. J., and Lennarz, W. J., 1974, Evidence for xylosyl lipids as intermediates in xylosyl transfers in hen oviduct membranes, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 56: 343.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wardi, A. H., Allen, W. S., Turner, D. L., and Stary, Z., 1966, Isolation of arabinose-containing hyaluronate peptides and xylose-containing chondroitin sulfate peptides from protease- digested brain tissue, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 117: 44.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whittaker, V. P., and Sheridan, M. N., 1965, The morphology and acetylcholine content of isolated cerebral cortical synaptic vesicles, J. Neurochem. 12: 363.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wiesmann, U. N., Hofmann, K., Burkhart, T., and Herschkowitz, N., 1975, Dissociated cultures of newborn mouse brain. I. Metabolism of sulfated lipids and mucopolysaccharides, Neurobiology 5: 305.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Young, I. J., and Custod, J. T., 1972, Isolation of glycosaminoglycans and variation with age in the feline brain, J. Neurochem. 19: 923.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1979 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Jourdian, G.W. (1979). Biosynthesis of Glycosaminoglycans. In: Margolis, R.U., Margolis, R.K. (eds) Complex Carbohydrates of Nervous Tissue. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2925-1_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2925-1_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-2927-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-2925-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics