Abstract
Nonadiabatic transitions are, strictly, those arising from a breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, the term adiabatic being reserved for the limit in which the electronic problem is solved with the nuclei fixed. This corresponds to a situation in which, in classical terms, the electrons would pass through many cycles of their periodic or quasiperiodic(1) motion in a time short compared with that required to achieve a significant perturbation to this motion by changing the nuclear geometry.
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Child, M.S. (1979). Electronic Excitation: Nonadiabatic Transitions. In: Bernstein, R.B. (eds) Atom - Molecule Collision Theory. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2913-8_13
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