Abstract
Adrenocortical nodules more than a centimeter in diameter are found in approximately 1.5–8.7% of unselected postmortem examinations [1, 2] and are more frequent in older people and those with high blood pressure. Benign nonfunctional adrenocortical tumors [3] are only rarely diagnosed during life but may be diagnosed more with the increasing use of CT scans [4, 5], particularly sector CT scans and abdominal ultrasound studies. Malignant nonfunctional tumors are also very infrequent, comprising only about 0.2% of all reported carcinomas [6].
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Symington T: Functional Pathology of the Human Adrenal Gland. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1969, p 151.
Hedeland H, Ostberg G, Hokfelt B: On the prevalence of adrenocritical adenomas in an autopsy material in relation to hypertension and diabetes. Acta Med Scand 184: 211, 1968.
Shamma AH, Goddard JW, Sommers SC: A study of the adrenal status in hypertension. J Chronic Dis 8: 587, 1958.
Prinz RA, Brooks MH, Churchill R, et al.: Incidental asymptomatic adrenal masses detected by computed tomographic scanning: Is operation required? JAMA 248: 701, 1982.
Siekavizza JL, Bernardino ME, Sammaan NA; Suprarenal mass and its differential diagnosis. Urology 18: 625, 1981.
Lipsett MB, Hertz R, Ross GT: Clinical and pathophysiologic aspects of adrenocortical carcinoma. Am J Med 35:374, 1963.
Bertagna C, Orth DN: Clinical and laboratory findings and results of therapy in 58 patients with adrenocortical tumors admitted to a singly medical center (1951 to 1978). Amer J Med 71: 855, 1981.
Yalow RS, Glick SM, Roth J, Berson SA: Radioimmunoassay of plasma ACTH. J Clin Endo Metab 24: 1219, 1964.
Liddle GW, Nicholson WE, et al.: Clinical and laboratory studies of ectopic humoral syndromes. Recent Progr Horm Res 25: 238, 1969.
Appleby JI, Gibson G, Norymberski JK, Stubbs RD: Indirect analysis of corticosteroids. Biochem J 60:453, 1955.
Porter CC, Silber RH: A quantitative color reaction for cortisone and related 17, 21 dihydroxy-20 ketosteroids. J Biol Chem 185: 201, 1950.
Mattingly D: A simple fluorimetric method for the estimation of free 11-hydroxycorticoids in human plasma. J Clin Path 15: 374, 1962.
Ruder HJ, Guy RL, Lipsett MB: A radioimmunoassay for Cortisol in plasma and urine. J Clin Endo Metab 35: 219, 1972.
Bravo EL, Tarazi RC, Dustan HP, et al.: The changing clinical spectrum of primary aldosteronism. Amer J Med 74:641, 1983.
Buster JE, Abraham CE: Radioimmunoassay of plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate. Analytical letters 5: 543, 1972.
Youssefnejadian E, Florensa E, Collins WP, Sommerville IF: Radioimmunoassay of 17-hydroxyprogesterone. Steroids 20: 773, 1972.
Rose LI, William GH, Jagger PI, Lauler DP: The 48-hour adrenocorticotropin infusion test for adrenocortical insufficiency. Ann Int Med 73: 49, 1970.
Sheeler LR, Schumacher OP: Letter to the Editor: Hyponatremia during ACTH infusions. Ann Int Med 90: 709, 1979.
Liddle GW, Estep HL, et al.: Clinical application of a new test of pituitary reserve. J Clin Endo 19: 875, 1969.
Newsome HH, Clements AS, Borum EH: The simultaneous assay of Cortisol, corticosterone, 11-Deoxycortisol, and cortisone in human plasma. J Clin Endo Metab 34: 743, 1972.
Liddle GW: Test of pituitary-adrenal suppressibility in the diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome. J Clin Endo 20: 1539, 1960.
Hayles AB, Hahn HB, Sprague RG, et al.: Hormone-secreting tumors of the adrenal cortex in children. Pediatrics 37: 19, 1966.
Nelson AA, Woodard G: Severe adrenal cortical atrophy (cytotoxic) and hepatic damage produced in dogs by feeding 2, 2-bis (parachlorophenyl 1–1, 1-dichloroethane (DDP or TDE). Arch Pathol 48: 387, 1949.
Chambers EF, Turski PA, LaMasters D, Newton TH: Regions of low density in the contrast-enhanced pituitary gland: normal and pathologic processes. Radiology 144: 109, 1982.
Swartz JD, Russell KB, Basile BA, et al.: High resolution computed tomographic appearance of the intrasellar contents in women of childbearing age. Radiology 147: 115, 1983.
Beierwaltes WH, Lieberman LM, Ansari AN, Nishiyama H: Visualization of human adrenal glands in vivo by scintillation scanning. JAMA 216: 275, 1971.
Lieberman LM, Beierwaltes WH, Conn JW, et al.: Diagnosis of adrenal disease by visualization of human adrenal glands with 131I-19 iodocholesterol. N Engl J Med 285, 1387, 1971.
Morita R, Lieberman LM, Beierwaltes WH, et al.: Percent uptake of 131I-radioactivity in the adrenal from radioiodinated cholester. J Clin Endo Metab 37: 36, 1972.
Sarkar SD, Beierwaltes WH, Ice RD, et al.: A new and superior adrenal scanning agent, NP-59. J Nuc Med 16: 1038, 1975.
Schteingart DE, Seabold JE, Gross MD, Swanson DP: Iodocholesterol adrenal tissue uptake and imaging in adrenal neoplasms. J Clin Endo Metab 52: 1156, 1981.
Wieland DM, Brown LE, Tobes MX, et al.: Imaging the primate adrenal medullae with [123I] and [131I] meta-iodobenzylguanidine; concise communication. J Nuc Med 22: 358, 1981.
Wieland DM, Wu JI, Brown LE, et al.: Radiolabeled adrenergic neuronblocking agents; adrenomedullary imaging with [131I] iodobenzylguanidine. J Nuc Med 21: 349, 1980.
Liddle GW: The Adrenals. Textbook of Endocrinology, Sixth Edition, Robert H. Williams. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co., pp 249–292.
Cueto C, Brown JHU: Biological studies of an adrenocorticolytic agent and the isolation of the active components. Arch Int Med 138: 301, 1978.
Becker D, Schumacher OP: o,p’DDD therapy in invasive adrenocortical carcinoma. Ann Int Med 82: 677, 1975.
Bergenstal DM, Hertz R, Lipsett MS, Moy RH: Chemotherapy of adrenocortical cancer with o,p’DDD. Ann Int Med 53: 672, 1960.
Downing V, Eule J, Juseby RA: Regression of an adrenal cortical carcinoma and its neovascular bed following Mitotane therapy: A case report. Cancer: 34: 1882, 1974.
Hoffman DL, Mattox VR: Treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma with o,p’DDD. Med Clin N A 56: 999, 1972.
Hutter AM, Kayhole DE: Adrenocortical carcinoma— results of treatment with o,p’DDD in 138 patients. Am J Med 41: 581, 1966.
Newton MA, Laragh JH: Effect of corticotropin on aldosterone excretion and plasma renin in normal subjects in essential hypertension and in primary aldosteronism. J Clin Endo 28: 1006, 1968.
Halmi KA, Lascari AD: Conversion of virilization to feminization in a young girl with adrenal carcinoma. Cancer 27: 931, 1971.
Ostruni JA, Roginsky MS: Metastatic adrenal carcinoma — documented cure with combined chemotherapy. Arch Int Med 135: 1257, 1975.
MacFarlane DA: Cancer of the adrenal cortex — the natural history, prognosis and treatment in a study of fifty-five cases. Ann Royal Coll of Surg of Engl 23: 155, 1958.
Lubitz JA, Freeman L, Okun R: Mitotane use in inoperable adrenal cortical carcinoma. JAMA 223: 1109, 1973.
Bravo EL: The clinical values of plasma catecholamine measurement. Lab Mgmt, 1982.
Bravo EL: Pheochromocytoma: current concepts in diagnosis, localization, and management. Primary Care 10: 75, 1983.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1984 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Boston
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Schumacher, O.P. (1984). Adrenocortical tumors. In: Santen, R.J., Manni, A. (eds) Diagnosis and Management of Endocrine-related Tumors. Cancer Treatment and Research, vol 20. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2849-0_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2849-0_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9798-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-2849-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive