Abstract
The study of driving impairment and alcohol-related collisions is complicated by the fact that relevant data are derived from a variety of sources and are based on different groups of drivers. In order to discover changes in the magnitude of driving impairment and collisions and to assess the effects of countermeasures of various types, it is essential to understand the nature of these differences and to establish the validity and reliability of the findings. The purpose of this chapter is to assess systematically the different sources of information that are available on this topic, indicate the advantages and disadvantages of each, specify the uses to which they can best be put, and identify the major gaps in our knowledge.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Allsop, R. E., 1966, Alcohol and Road Accidents, Road Research Laboratory Report No. 6, Ministry of Transport, Harmondsworth.
Attwood, D. A., Williams, R. D., and Madill, H. D., 1980, Effects of moderate blood alcohol concentrations on closed-course driving performance, J. Stud. Alcohol 41 (7): 623.
Beitel, G. A., Sharp, M. C., and Glauz, W. D., 1975, Probability of arrest while driving under the influence of alcohol, J. Stud. Alcohol 36:109.
Bonnichsen, R., and Goldberg, L., 1981, Large-scale breath-blood comparisons under field conditions: Methods, evaluation techniques and results, in: Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety, Volume 1 ( L. Goldberg, ed.) pp. 796–810, Almqvist amp; Wiksell International, Stockholm, Sweden.
Borkenstein, R. F., 1975, Problems of enforcement, adjudication and sanctioning, in: Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety ( S. Israelstam and S. Lambert, eds.), pp. 655–662, Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto.
Borkenstein, R. F., Crowther, R. F., Shumate, R. P., Ziel, W. B., and Zylman, R., 1964, The role of the drinking driver in traffic accidents, Blutalkohol 11 (Suppl. 1): 1.
Borkenstein, R. F., Perrine, M. W., Van Berkom, L. C., and Crowther, R. F., 1974, Scientific Roadside Surveys of Alcohol in the Driving Population, Committee on Alcohol and Drugs, National Safety Council, Chicago.
Boshier, R., and Johnson, D., 1974, Does conviction affect employment opportunities ? Br. J. Criminol. 14 (3): 264.
Bradburn, N. M., and Sudman, S., 1979, Improving Interview Method and Questionnaire Design, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.
Bragg, B. W. E., and Cousins, L. S., 1979, Changing the subjective probability of arrest for impaired driving, in: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety ( I. R. Johnston, ed.), pp. 649–654, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
Browning, J. J., and Wilde, G. J. S., 1975, Research in Drinking and Driving, Studies of Safety in Transport, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada.
Campbell, D. T., and Stanley, J. C., 1963, Experimental and Quasiexperimental Designs for Research, Rand McNally and Company, Chicago.
Carlson, W. L., 1972, Alcohol usage of the nighttime driver, J. Safety Res. 4: 12.
Carr, B., Borkenstein, R. F., Perrine, M. W., Van Berkom, L. C., Voas, R. B., et al., 1974, International Conference on Research Methodology for Roadside Surveys of Drinking-Driving, Alcohol Countermeasures Workshop Report No. DOT HS-801 220, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.
Chapanis, A., 1967, The relevance of laboratory studies to practical situations, Ergonomics 10: 557.
Chi, L., Ferrence, R. G., and Whitehead, P. C., 1973, Characteristics of Impaired Drivers in London, Ontario, Substudy No. 563, Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto.
Clark, A. W., and Prolisko, A., 1979, Social role correlates of driving accidents, Hum. Factors 21 (6): 655.
Damkot, D. K., 1981, Alcohol, task demands, and personality affect driving: Beware the interactions, in Alcohol Drugs and Traffic Safety, Volume 1 ( L. Goldberg, ed.), pp. 923–937, Almqvist amp; Wiksell International, Stockholm, Sweden.
Damkot, D. K., Toussie, S. R., Akley, N. R., Geller, H. A., and Whitmore, D. G., 1977, On- the-Road Driving Behavior and Breath Alcohol Concentration, U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C., Report No. DOT HS-802 264.
Douglass, R. L., Filkins, L. D., and Clark, F. A., 1974, The Effect of Lower Legal Drinking Age on Youth Crash Involvement, U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C., Report No. DOT HS-801 213.
Dubowski, K. M., 1975, Recent developments in breath-alcohol analysis, in: Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety ( S. Israelstam and S. Lambert, eds.), pp. 483–494, Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto.
Duncan, D., and Vogel-Sprott, M., 1978, Drinking habits of impaired drivers, Blutalkohol 15: 252.
Duncan, J. A., 1979, Report on a survey of the effect of breath testing in Canberra, A.C.T., in: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety ( I. R. Johnston, ed.), pp. 481–493, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
Edelman, S., and Walker, D., 1977, Impaired Driving: A Critical Review of the Research Literature, Ministry of the Attorney-General, Vancouver, Canada.
Edwards, D. S., Hahn, C. P., and Fleishman, E. A., 1969, Evaluation of Laboratory Methods for the Study of Driver Behavior: The Relation between Simulator and Street Performance, American Institute for Research, Silver Springs, Maryland, Final Report.
Ennis, P., 1978, Drinking and Driving among Ontario Students in 1977, Substudy No. 938, Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto.
Farris, R., Malone, T. B., and Lilliefors, H., 1976, A Comparison of Alcohol Involvement in Exposed and Injured Drivers, Phases I and II, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C., Technical Report DOT HS-801 826.
Foley, J. P., Glauz, W. D., and Sharp, M., 1976, Profile analysis of persons arrested for drunk driving, Hum. Factors 18 (5): 455.
Freedman, K., Henderson, M., and Wood, R., 1973, Drinking and Driving in Sydney: A Community Survey of Behaviour and Attitudes: Report 1: An Overview of Sex and Age Differences, Traffic Accident Research Unit 1/73, Department of Motor Transport, New South Wales, Australia.
Goldberg, L., 1981, Random road tests in non-accident-involved drivers: Epidemiological data, differential characteristics and role of alcoholism, in: Alcohol Drugs and Traffic Safety, Volume 1 ( L. Goldberg, ed.), pp. 846–859, Almqvist amp; Wiksell International, Stockholm, Sweden.
Harger, R. N., 1975, The Hamburg, W. Germany, 1973 report questioning the reliability of breath alcohol instruments for medicolegal use in traffic cases, in: Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety ( S. Israelstam and S. Lambert, eds.), pp. 583–596, Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto.
Hickey, M., Hayden, P. M., Layden, M. T., and Hearne, R., 1975, Alcohol and driving, J. Irish Med. Assoc. 68 (23): 583.
Hurst, P. M ., 1974, Epidemiological aspects of alcohol in driver crashes and citations, in: Alcohol, Drugs and Driving (M. W. Perrine, ed.), National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Technical Report, DOT HS-801 096.
Hurst, P. M., and Darwin, J. H., 1977, Estimation of alcohol for nonrespondents in roadside breath surveys, Accident Anal. Prev. 9 (2): 119.
Hyman, M. M., 1968, Accident vulnerability and blood alcohol concentrations of drivers by demographic characteristics, Q. J. Stud. Alcohol (Suppl. 4):34.
Hyman, M. M., Helrich, A. R., and Besson, G., 1972, Ascertaining police bias in arrests for drunken driving, Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 33:148.
Institute for Road Safety Research (SWOV), 1977, Drinking by Motorists, SWOV, Voorburg, The Netherlands.
Interministerial Committee on Drinking-Driving, 1979, The 1979 Ontario Roadside BAC Survey: Summary Report, Ministry of the Solicitor-General, Toronto.
Jones, A. W., 1976, Precision, accuracy and relevance of breath alcohol measurements, in: Alcohol, Drugs and Driving ( M. Mattila, ed.), Volume II of Modern Problems of Pharmacopsychiatry, S. Karger, Basel.
Jones, R. K., and Joscelyn, K. B., 1977, 1977 Report on Alcohol and Highway Safety, Technical Volume, The University of Michigan, Highway Safety Research Institute, Ann Arbor.
Jones, R. K., and Joscelyn, K. B., 1978, Alcohol and Highway Safety 1978: A Review of the State of Knowledge, Summary Volume, The University of Michigan, Highway Safety Research Institute, Ann Arbor.
Kannemann, K., and Warren, R. A., 1980, A method for estimating the BAC distribution among fatally injured drivers, Accident Anal. Prev. 12 (4): 247–257.
Lacey, J. H., Stewart, J. R., and Council, F. M., 1979, Development of predictive models to identify persons at high risk of alcohol related crash involvement, in: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety (I. R. Johnston, ed.), pp. 107–119, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
Lance, J.-M. R., and Romeder, J.-M., 1979, La fraction de la mortality routiamp;re attribuable amp; l’alcool, Can. J. Public Health 70: 310.
Laurell, H., 1979, Effects of small doses of alcohol on driver performance in emergency traffic situations, in: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety ( I. R. Johnston, ed.) pp. 157–167, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
Lehman, R. J., Wolfe, A. C., and Kay, R. D., 1975, A Computer Archive of ASAP Roadside Breathtesting Surveys, 1970–1974, Highway Safety Research Institute, Ann Arbor.
Lemert, R., 1966, Strategies of research design in the legal impact study, Law Soc. Rev. (November), 1 (1): 111–132.
Levett, J., and Karras, L., 1975, Errors in current alcohol breath analysis, in: Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety ( S. Israelstam and S. Lambert, eds.) pp. 527–532, Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto.
Lovell, W. S., 1972, Breath tests for determining alcohol in the blood, Science 178: 264.
Lovibond, S. H., 1979, The effects of alcohol on skilled performance, in: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety ( I. R. Johnston, ed.) pp. 168–173, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
Maisto, S. A., Sobell, L. C., Zelhart, P. F., Connors, G. J., and Cooper, T., 1979, Driving records of persons convicted of driving under the influence of alcohol, J. Stud. Alcohol 40 (1): 70.
Moskowitz, H., 1974, Alcohol influences upon sensory motor function, visual perception, and attention, in: Alcohol, Drugs and Driving ( M. W. Perrine, ed.), National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.
Noordzij, P. C., 1975, Comparison of blood and breath testing under field conditions, in: Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety ( S. Israelstam and S. Lambert, eds.), pp. 553–560, Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto.
Oates Jr., J. F., 1974, Factors Influencing Arrests for Alcohol-Related Traffic Violations, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Report No. DOT HS-801 230, Washington, D.C.
O’Day, J., 1970, Drinking involvement and age of young drivers in fatal accidents, HIT LAB Rep. October: 13–14.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1978, Road Research: New Research on the Role of Alcohol and Drugs in Road Accidents, O.E.C.D., Paris (September).
Pelz, D. C., and Schuman, S. H., 1974, Drinking, hostility and alienation in driving of young men, in: Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Alcoholism Conference of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, June 1973 (M. E. Chafetz, ed.), National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, Maryland, DHEW Publication No. (ADM) 75–137.
Penttila, A., Aas, K., Nevala, P., Piipponen, S., and Pikkarainen, J., 1981, Drunken driving in Finland. II. The profile on frequency based on road-side surveys, in: Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety, Volume 1 ( L. Goldberg, ed.), pp. 234–250, Almqvist amp; Wiksell International, Stockholm, Sweden.
Penttila, A., Maki, M., and Pikkarainen, J., 1979, Drunken driving in Finland. Late-night, weekend incidence in five communities in 1978, J. Traffic Med. 7 (2): 30.
Perrine, M. W., 1970, Identification of personality, attitudinal and biographical characteristics of drinking drivers, Behav. Res. Highway Safety 2 (4): 207.
Perrine, M. W., 1971, Methodological Considerations in Conducting and Evaluating Roadside Research Surveys, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Report No. DOT HS-800 471, Washington, D.C.
Perrine, M. W ., 1974, Alcohol influences upon driving-related behavior: A critical review of laboratory studies of neurophysiological, neuromuscular and sensory activity, in: Alcohol, Drugs and Driving (M. W. Perrine, ed.), National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Report No. DOT HS-801 096, Washington, D.C.
Pliner, P., and Cappell, H., 1977, Drinking, driving, and the attribution of responsibility, J. Stud. Alcohol 38 (3): 593.
Rockerbie, R. A., Martin, G. R., and Parkin, H. E., 1981, Blood alcohol in hospitalized traffic crash victims, in: Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety, Volume 1 ( L. Goldberg, ed.), pp. 165–173, Almqvist amp; Wiksell International, Stockholm, Sweden.
Rosenberg, N., Laessig, R. H., and Rawlings, R. R., 1974, Alcohol, age and fatal traffic accidents, Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 35:473.
Ryan, G. A., and Salter, W. E., 1979, Drinking habits, social characteristics and blood alcohol concentrations of road crash casualties, in: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety ( I. R. Johnston, ed.), Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
Schliewen, R. E., 1979, 1974 National Roadside Survey, Data Analysis and Report, Transport Canada, Road and Motor Vehicle Traffic Safety Branch, Ottawa.
Selzer, M. L., and Vinokur, A., 1974, Life events, subjective stress, and traffic accidents, Am. J. Psychiatry 131 (8): 903.
Shaffer, J. W., Towns, W., Schmidt Jr., C. W., Fisher, R. S., and Zlotowitz, H. I., 1974, Social adjustment profiles of fatally injured drivers: A replication and extension, Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 30 (4): 508.
Shults, S. D., and Layne Jr., N. R., 1979, Age and BAC when arrested for drunken driving and public drunkenness, J. Stud. Alcohol 40 (5): 492.
Simpson, H. M., Warren, R. A., Pagé-Valin, L., and Collard, D., 1978, Analysis of Fatal Traffic Crashes in Canada, 1976. Focus: The Impaired Driver, Traffic Injury Research Foundation of Canada, Ottawa.
Smart, R. G., 1969, Are alcoholics’ accidents due solely to heavy drinking ? J. Safety Res. 1 (4): 170.
Smart, R. G., and Schmidt, W., 1969, Physiological impairment and personality factors in traffic accidents of alcoholics, Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 30:440.
Smith, G. A., Wolynetz, M. S., and Wiggins, T. R. I., 1976, “Drinking Drivers in Canada: A National Roadside Survey of the Blood Alcohol Concentrations in Nighttime Canadian Drivers,” Transport Canada, Road and Motor Vehicle Traffic Safety Branch, Ottawa.
Sobell, M. B., Sobell, L. C., and Samuels, F. H., 1974, Validity of self-reports of alcohol-related arrests by alcoholics, Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 35:276.
Stroh, C. M., 1974, Alcohol and Highway Safety; Roadside Surveys of Drinking-Driving Behavior: A Review of the Literature and a Recommended Methodology, Transport Canada, Road and Motor Vehicle Traffic Safety Branch, Ottawa.
Traffic Injury Research Foundation, 1975, Analysis of Fatal Traffic Crashes in Canada, 1973. Focus: The Impaired Driver, Traffic Injury Research Foundation of Canada, Ottawa.
Van Ooijen, D., 1979, The effects of a new DWI law, in: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety (I. R. Johnston, ed.), pp. 471–80, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
Vingilis, E. R., 1982, Sex and age characteristics of suspected impaired drivers, Accident Anal. Prev. 14:425.
Wagenaar, A. C., 1981, Effects of an increase in the legal minimum drinking age, J. Public Health Policy 2 (3): 206.
Waller, J. A., 1972, Factors associated with alcohol and responsibility for fatal highway crashes, Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 33:160.
Waller, J. A., 1975, Epidemiologic issues about alcohol, other drugs and highway safety, in: Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety ( S. Israelstam and S. Lambert, eds.), pp. 3–12, Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto.
Waller, J. A., 1979, Analytic issues in studying the interaction of alcohol and other drugs in highway crashes, in: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety ( I. R. Johnston, ed.), pp. 15 - 23, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
Ward, R. M., and Spronz, W., 1976, A geographical analysis of drunken drivers, J. Stud. Alcohol 37 (7): 997.
Warren, R. A., 1980, Treatment of Missing Data in Road Safety Investigations: Methodological Innovations. Paper presented at the 17th Annual Meeting of the Traffic Injury Research Foundation of Canada, Toronto.
Warren, R. A., and Simpson, H. M., 1976, The Young Driver Paradox, Traffic Injury Research Foundation, Ottawa.
Warren, R. A., and Simpson, H. M., 1978. Impaired Driving, Technical Report Series No. 8, Health and Welfare Canada, Ottawa.
Warren, R. A., and Simpson, H. M., 1981, Effects of measurement assumptions on estimations of risk of collisions, Traffic Injury Research Foundation, Ottawa, Canada.
Webster’s, 1962, Webster’s New World Dictionary, Nelson, Foster and Scott Ltd., Toronto.
Wechsler, H., and McFadden, M., 1979, Drinking among college students in New England: Extent, social correlates and consequences of alcohol use, J. Stud. Alcohol 40 (11): 969.
Whitehead, P. C., 1975, DWI programs: Doing what’s in or dodging what’s indicated ? J. Safety Res. 7 (3): 127.
Whitehead, P. C., 1977, Alcohol and Young Drivers: Impact and Implications of Lowering the Drinking Age, Monograph Series, No. 1, Health Protection Branch, Health and Welfare Canada, Ottawa.
Wilde, G. J. S., 1974, Alcohol and Traffic Accidents: A Review in Quest of Remedies, Alcohol and Highway Safety, Ministry of Transport, Ottawa, Canada.
Willett, T. C., 1964, Criminal on the Road, No. 12, International Library of Criminology, Delinquency and Deviant Behaviour, Tavistock Publications, London.
Wolfe, A. C., 1974, 1973 U.S. National Roadside Breathtesting Survey: Procedures and Results, Highway Safety Research Institute, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Wolfe, A. C., 1975, Characteristics of late-night, weekend drivers: Results of the U.S. national roadside breath testing survey and several local surveys, in: Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety ( S. Israelstam and S. Lambert, eds.), pp. 41–50, Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto.
Wolfe, A. C., and Chapman, M. M., 1973, An analysis of drinking and driving survey data, HIT LAB Rep. 4 (4): 1.
Yoder, R. D., and Moore, R. A., 1973, Characteristics of convicted drunken drivers, Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 34:927.
Zelhart, P. F., 1972, Types of alcoholics and their relationship to traffic violations, Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 33:811.
Zelhart, P. F., and Schurr, B.C., 1977, People who drive while impaired, a review of research on the drinking-driving problem, in Alcoholism: Physiological and Psychological Bases ( N. Estes and E. Heinemann, eds.), Mosby, St. Louis.
Zusman, M. E., and Huber, J. D., 1979, Multiple measures and the validity of response in research on drinking drivers, J. Safety Res. 11 (3): 132.
Zylman, R., 1972, Race and social status discrimination and police action in alcohol-affected collisions, J. Safety Res. 4 (2): 75.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1984 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ferrence, R.G., Whitehead, P.C. (1984). Studies of Driver Impairment and Alcohol-Related Collisions. In: Smart, R.G., et al. Research Advances in Alcohol and Drug Problems. Research Advances in Alcohol and Drug Problems, vol 8. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2719-6_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2719-6_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9687-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-2719-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive