Skip to main content

Dynamical and Nonlinear Profiles of Polarons and Excitons in Pure and Ultrapure AgCl, AgBr and AgClx Br1-x

  • Chapter
Polarons and Excitons in Polar Semiconductors and Ionic Crystals

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((ASIB,volume 127))

Abstract

This series of lectures starts with a brief description of a number of basic aspects of the theory of polarons. Subsequently experimental problems in the field of polarons are examined. The experimental progress realized in our laboratory over the last decade is reviewed. Our experiments on AgCl, AgBr and AgClxBr1-x include i) the investigation of transport phenomena, cyclotron resonance absorption and relaxation mechanisms for polarons, ii) the measurement of optical absorption and luminescence in pure and ultrapure crystals with the analysis in terms of excitons and excitonic molecules.

We emphasize the importance of the dynamical and nonlinear response of polarons and excitions in analysing our experiments.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adamowski, J., Bednarek, S., and Suffczynski, M., 1976, The influence of the lattice polarization on the biexciton binding energy, Solid State Commun., 20:785.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Adamowski, J., Bednarek, S., and Suffczynski, M., 1978, Variational wave functions for the biexciton in polar semiconductors, Solid State Commun., 25:89.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Adamowski, J., and Bednarek, S., 1979, Effective exciton-exciton interaction in polar semiconductors, Solid State Electronics, 22:33.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Akimoto, O., and Hanamura, E., 1972, Excitonic molecule. I. Calculation of the binding energy, J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 33:1537.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Appel, J., 1968, Polarons, in: “Solid State Physics”, F. Seitz, D. Turnbull, and H. Ehrenreich, ed., Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ascarelli, G., and Brown, F.C., 1962, Cyclotron Resonance in AgBr, Phys. Rev. Letters, 9:209.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Baba, T., and Masumi, T., 1976, A new time-resolved luminescence line from excitonic molecules in AgBr, in: Abstracts of Taormina Res. Conf. on the Structure of Matter–“Recent Developments in Optical Spectroscopy of Solids”, Taormina.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baba, T., and Masumi, T., 1977, A new time-resolved luminescence line from excitonic molecules in AgBr, II Nuovo Cimento, 39B:609.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Baba, T., and Masumi, T., 1978, A new shoulder in luminescence spectra due to the triplet excitons in AgBr, Solid State Commun., 27:1113.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Baba, T., and Masumi, T., 1979, A new shoulder in luminescence spectra due to the triplet excitons in AgBr, in: Proc. 14th Int. Conf. Phys. Semiconductors–Edinburgh 1978, (Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser., no. 43, 1979:Chapt. 24), p. 833.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baba, T., and Masumi, T., 1983, Luminescence spectra of AgBr at high density excitation (tentative), in preparation. The authors are indebted to Dr. Aoyagi, Y., Segawa, Y., and Prof. Namba, S., of the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research for giving them an opportunity to use their facilities of psec spectroscopy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, F.C., Masumi, T., and Tippins, H.H., 1961, Fine structure in the absorption edge of the silver halides, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 22; 101.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, F.C., 1972, Conduction by polarons in ionic crystals, Chapt. 8, in: “Point Defects in Solids”, J.H. Crawford and L. Slifkin, ed., Plenum Press, New York and London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, F.C., 1976, The photographic process, Chapt. 7, in: “Treatise on Solid State Chemistry”, Vol. 4–Reactivity of Solids, B. Hannay, ed., Plenum Press, New York and London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, F.C., 1981, Polarons large and small, in: “Recent developments in condensed matter physics”, J.T. Devreese, ed., Plenum Press, New York and London, p. 575.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burnham, D.C., Brown, F.C., and Knox, R.S., 1960, Electron mobility and scattering processes in AgBr at low temperatures, Phys. Rev., 119:1560.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Childs, C.B., 1977, High purity silver bromide crystals containing less than several parts per billion of iodine, Journal of Crystal Growth, 38:262.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Cho, K., 1973, Emission line shapes of exciton molecules in direct and indirect gap materials, Opt. Commun., 8:412.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Devreese, J.T., ed., 1972, “Polarons in Ionic Crystals and Polar Semiconductors”, North-Holland, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elliott, R. J., 1963, Theory of excitons–I, in: “Polarons and Excitons”, C.G. Kuper and G.D. Whitfield, ed., Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh and London, p. 269.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feynman, R.P., 1955, Slow electrons in a polar crystal, Phys. Rev., 97:660.

    Article  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Feynman, R.P., and Hibbs, A., 1965, Quantum mechanics and path-integrals, McGraw Hill Book Co., New York.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Feynman, R.P., 1972, Statistical Mechanics–A set of lectures, W.A. Benjamin Inc., Reading, Massachusetts.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fröhlich, H., Pelzer, H., and Zienau, S., 1950, Properties of slow electrons in polar materials, Phil. Mag., 41:221.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Fröhlich, H., 1954, Electrons in lattice fields, Advances in Physics, 3:325.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Fujii, Y., Hoshino, S., Sakuragi, S., Kanzaki, H., Lynn, J.W., and Shirane, G., 1977, Neutron scattering study of the lattice dynamics of AgBr at 4.4K, Phys. Rev. B, 15:358.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Gorkum, Yu.I., and Tolpygo, K.B., 1960, Characterristics of the motion of fast current carriers in ionic crystals, Bull. Acad. Sci. (USSR), Phys. Ser. (English Transl.), 24:91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haken, H., 1959, Über den Einflusz von Gitterschwingungen auf Energie und Lebensdauer des Exzitons, Z. Phys., 155:223.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Haken, H., 1963, Theory of Excitons - II, in: “Polarons and Excitons”, C.G. Kuper and G.D. Whitfield, ed., Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh and London, p. 295.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirano, A., and Masumi T., 1983, Cyclotron resonance of polarons in pure AgCl, in preparation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodby, J.W., 1971, Cyclotron resonance of the polaron in the alkali and silver halides III, J. Phys. C:Solid State Phys., 4:L8.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Hodby, J.W., 1972, Experimental study of the electronic transport properties of ionic crystals, in: “Polarons in Ionic Crystals and Polar Semiconductors”, J.T. Devreese, ed., North-Holland, Amsterdam, p. 389.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodby, J.W., Crowder, J.G., and Bradley, C.C., 1974, Polaron cyclotron resonance in AgBr at microwave and infrared frequencies, J. Phys. C:Solid State Physics, 7:3033.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Hodby, J.W., Komiyama, S., Hirano, A., and Masumi, T., in preparation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hulin, D., Mysyrowicz, A., Combescot, M., Pelant, I., and Benoit à la Guillaume, C., 1977, Electron-hole liquid and biexciton pocket in AgBr, Phys. Rev. Letters, 39:1169.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • James, T.H., ed., 1977, “The Theory of Photographic Process”, 4th ed., Macmillan Publishing Co,, Inc., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kadanoff, L.P., 1963, Boltzmann equations for polarons, Phys. Rev., 130:1364.

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kajita, K., and Masumi, T., 1974, Hot electron effects in silver halides in quantum limit, in: “Proc. 12th Int. Conf. Phys. Semiconductors–Stuttgart” 1974, B.G. Teubner, ed., p. 844.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanzaki, H., and Sakuragi, S., 1969a, Optical absorption and luminescence of exciton in silver halides containing isoelectronic impurities–part I. AgBr:I¯, J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 27:109.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kanzaki, H., and Sakuragi, S., 1969b, Optical absorption and luminescence of exciton in silver halides containing isoelectronic impurities–part II. AgBr:Cl¯ and AgBr, J. Phys. Soc. Japan 29, 924.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kanzaki, H., and Sakuragi, S., 1970, Optical absorption and luminescence of excitons in silver halides containing isoelectronic impurities–part III. AgBr:Na+ and AgBr:Li+, J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 29:936.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kanzaki, H., Sakuragi, S., and Sakamoto, K., 1971, Excitons in AgBr1–x CIx–Transition of relaxed state between free and self-trapped exciton, Solid State Commun., 9:999.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kawahara, M., and Masumi, T., 1980, New queues of time-resolved luminescence lines from excitonic molecules in AgClxBr1–x, Proc. 15th Int. Conf. Phys. Semiconductors, Kyoto 1980, J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 49:Suppl. A, p. 421.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kleinfeld, TH., Stolz, H., and von der Osten, W., 1979, Solid State Commun., 31:59.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kobayashi, K., and Brown, F.C., 1959, Hall effect for electrons in silver chloride, Phys. Rev., 113:507.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Komiyama, S., Masumi, T., and Kajita, K., 1976, Anomalous distribution of hot polarons in silver halides at crossed electric and magnetic fields, in: Proc. 13th Int. Conf. Phys. Semiconductors - Rome 1976, Tipografia Marves, Roma, p. 1222.

    Google Scholar 

  • Komiyama, S., and Masumi, T., 1978, Cyclotron resonance of polarons in AgBr at microwave fields, Solid State Commun., 26:381.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Komiyama, S., Masumi, T., and Kajita, K., 1979a, Definite evidence for population inversion of hot electrons in silver halides, Phys. Rev. Letters, 42:600.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Komiyama, S., Masumi, T., and Kajita, K., 1979b, Definite evidences for the population inversion of hot electrons in silver halides, Solid State Commun., 31:447.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Komiyama, S., Masumi, T., and Kajita, K., 1979c, Streaming motion and population inversion of hot electrons in silver halides at crossed electric and magnetic fields, Phys. Rev. B, 20:5192.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Komiyama, S., and Masumi, T., 1979d, Cyclotron resonance of polarons in AgBr at high microwave fields, J. Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 11:59.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Komiyama, S., Masumi, T., and Kurosawa, T., 1979e, A new mode of streaming cyclotron motion of hot electrons at intense microwave fields in AgBr, in: Proc. 14th Int. Conf. Phys. Semiconductors - Edinburgh 1978, (Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. no. 43, 1979:Chapt. 10), p. 335.

    Google Scholar 

  • Komiyama, S., Kajita, K., and Masumi, T., 1981, Streaming motion and population inversion of hot polarons in silver halides, in: “Recent Developments in Condensed Matter Physics”, J.T. Devreese, ed., Plenum Press, New York and London, p. 563.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuper, C.G., and Whitfield, G.D., ed., 1963, “Polarons and Excitons”, Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh and London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurita, S., and Kobayashi, K., 1978, Optical absorption of indirect excitons in AgCl and AgBr in high magnetic field, J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 44:1583.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Langreth, D.C., 1967, Polaron mobility at finite temperature, Phys. Rev., 159:717.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, T.D., Low, F.E., Pines, D., 1953, The motion of slow electrons in a polar crystal, Phys. Rev., 90:297.

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Low, F.E., and Pines, D., 1955, Mobility of slow electrons in polar crystals, Phys. Rev. 98:414.

    Article  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Maeda, H., and Kurosawa, T., 1972, Hot electron population inversion in crossed electric and magnetic fields, in: Proc. 11th Int. Conf. Phys. Semiconductors–Warsaw 1972, Elsevier Publishing Co., New York, p. 602.

    Google Scholar 

  • Masumi, T., 1963, Mobility of electrons in silver chlorides at high electric field, Phys. Rev., 129:2564.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Masumi, T., Ahrenkiel, R.K., and Brown, F.C., 1965, Hall mobility of slow electrons in AgCl and the effects of crystal purity, phys. status solidi, 11:163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Masumi, T., 1967, Nonlinear transport phenomena in AgCl and AgBr at high electric field, Phys. Rev. 159:761.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Masumi, T., 1975, A supplemental improvement of the Feynman–polaron model and the possibility of bipolaron formation, Progr. Theor. Phys., Suppl. 57:22. The appendix of that article should be replaced by Appendix 1 of the present article.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Masumi, T., 1981, A series of experimental studies into dynamical and nonlinear responses of Fröhlich polarons, in: “Recent Developments in Condensed Matter Physics”, J.T. Devreese, ed., Plenum Press, New York and London, p. 543.

    Google Scholar 

  • Masumi, T., 1981–1982, Profiles of polarons, KOTAI-BUT-SURI 16:275, 16:340, 16:559, 17:19 (in Japanese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Masumi, T., 1981–1982, Profiles of polarons, KOTAI-BUT-SURI 16:275, 16:340, 16:559, 17:19 (in Japanese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Masumi, T., 1981–1982, Profiles of polarons, KOTAI-BUT-SURI 16:275, 16:340, 16:559, 17:19 (in Japanese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Masumi, T., 1981–1982, Profiles of polarons, KOTAI-BUT-SURI 16:275, 16:340, 16:559, 17:19 (in Japanese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Matsushita, M., Kurita, S., Kobayashi, K., and Masumi, T., 1972, Magnetoabsorption of indirect excitons in AgCl, J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 33:1177.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsushita, M., 1973, Magnetoabsorption of indirect excitons in AgCl and AgBr, J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 35:1688

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsuura, M., 1980, Polaron effects in Wannier excitons, KOTAI-BUTSURI, 15:655 (in Japanese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakamura, A., and Morigaki, K., Transient photoconductivity associated with the formation of electron-hole droplets in optically pumped Germanium, Solid State Commun., 14:41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Okamoto, Y., 1956, Optische Absorption von Silberchlorid- und Silberbromid-Kristallen, Nachr. Akad. Wiss. Göttingen, IIa, 14:275.

    Google Scholar 

  • Osaka, Y., 1961, Theory of polaron mobility, Progr.Theor. Phys., 25:517.

    Article  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Quattropani, A., Forney, J.J., and Bassani, F., 1975, Biexciton in indirect gap semiconductors:Application to GaSe and AgBr, phys. status solidi, 70 (b):497.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schultz, T.D., 1959, Slow electrons in polar crystals:Self-energy, mass and mobility, Phys. Rev., 116:526.

    Article  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Schultz, T.D., 1963, Feynman’s path integral method applied to the equilibrium properties of polarons and related problems, in: “Polarons and Excitons”, C.G. Kuper and G.D. Whitfield, ed., Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh and London, p. 71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tamura, H., and Masumi, T., 1971a, Effective mass of polarons in AgBr and AgCl, J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 30:897.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Tamura, H., and Masumi, T., 1971b, Direct evidence for non-parabolicity of the polaron energy spectrum, J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 30:1763.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Tamura, H., 1972, Temperature dependence of polaron cyclotron resonance in AgBr, Solid State Commun., 10:297.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Tamura, H., and Masumi, T., 1973, Cyclotron resonance of positive holes in AgBr, Solid State Commun., 12:1183.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Thornber, K.K., and Feynman, R.P., 1970, Velocity acquired by an electron in a finite electric field in a polar crystal, Phys. Rev. B, 1:4099.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Tippins, H.H., and Brown, F.C., 1963, Magnetoresistance of silver bromide, Phys. Rev., 129:2554.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Toyozawa, Y., and Hermanson, J., 1968, Exciton-phonon bound state:a new quasiparticle, Phys. Rev. Letters, 21:1637.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Toyozawa, Y., 1972, Dynamical properties of charge carriers in dielectrics–Generalization of polaron theory, in: “Polarons in Ionic Crystals and Polar Semiconductors”, J.T. Devreese, ed., North-Holland, Amsterdam, p. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsukioka, K., and Masumi, T., 1974, Cyclotron resonance of polarons in AgBr under pulsed-laser excitation, Phys. Letters, 49A:185.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsukioka, K., and Masumi, T., 1980, Cyclotron resonance of polarons in AgBr at high density excitation, J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 48:1607.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Vijayaraghavan, P.R., Nicklow, R.M., Smith, E.G., and Wilkinson, M.K., 1970, Lattice dynamics of silver chloride, Phys. Rev. B, 1:4819.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • von der Osten, W., 1983, Excitons and exciton relaxation in silver halides, in: “Physics of Polarons and Excitons in Polar Semiconductors and Ionic Crystals” J.T. Devreese, ed., Plenum Press, New York and London, p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wei, J.S., and Brown, F.C., 1973, Electron lattice interaction in the silver halides, Photographic Science and Engineering, 17:197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitfield, G., and Puff, R., 1965, Weak coupling theory of the polaron energy-momentum relation, Phys. Rev., 139:A338.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1984 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Masumi, T. (1984). Dynamical and Nonlinear Profiles of Polarons and Excitons in Pure and Ultrapure AgCl, AgBr and AgClx Br1-x . In: Devreese, J.T., Peeters, F. (eds) Polarons and Excitons in Polar Semiconductors and Ionic Crystals. NATO ASI Series, vol 127. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2693-9_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2693-9_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9674-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-2693-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics