Abstract
Experimental vaccines against Marek’s disease (MD) were developed in 1969 (1,2) and after extensive field trials began to become commercially available in 1970. In Chapter 8 attention is drawn to the types of vaccine strain available in commercial products and the two forms of presentation, i.e. cell-associated or cell-free (lyophilized). The cell-associated form of the vaccine was the first to be developed and set a precedent for the pharmaceutical industry. The production, storage and distribution of the product that had to be preserved at each stage in liquid nitrogen seemed a formidable undertaking but it was surprising that the problems were so rapidly overcome that worldwide distribution of the product developed in a matter of months. The development of a freeze-dried product was soon to follow (3), but even up to the present day this has only proved to be effective in the case of the turkey herpesvirus (HVT), Marek’s disease virus (MDV) being too unstable in the cell-free form for effective lyophilization.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Churchill AE, Payne LN, Chubb RC: Immunization against Marek’s disease using a live attenuated virus. Nature (221): 744–747, 1969.
Okazaki W, Purchase HG, Burmester BR: Protection against Marek’s disease by vaccination with a herpesvirus of turkeys. Avian Dis (14): 413–429, 1970.
Calnek BW, Hitchner SB, Adldinger HK: Lyophilization of cell-free Marek’s disease herpesvirus and herpesvirus from turkeys. Applied Microbiol (20): 723–726, 1970.
Churchill AE, Biggs PM: Agent of Marek’s disease in tissue culture. Nature (215): 528–530, 1967.
Solomon JJ, Witter RL, Nazerian K, Burmester BR: Studies on the etiology of Marek’s disease. 1. Propagation of the agent in cell culture. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med (127): 173–177, 1968.
Biggs PM, Milne BS: Use of the embryonating egg in studies on Marek’s disease. Am J Vet Res (32): 1795–1809, 1971.
Dulbecco R, Vogt M: Plaque formation and isolation of pure lines of poliomyelitis viruses. J Exp Med (99): 167–182, 1954.
Melnick JL: Tissue culture techniques and their application to original isolation, growth and assay of poliomyelitis and orphan viruses. Ann NY Aced Sci (61): 754–772, 1955.
Eagle H: Amino acid metabolism in mammalian cell cultures. Science (130): 432–437, 1959.
Morgan JF, Morton HJ, Parker RC: Nutrition of animal cells in tissue culture. 1. Initial studies on a synthetic medium. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med (73): 1–8, 1950.
Garrido C, Okazaki W, Purchase HG, Lee LF, Burmester BR: A multi-layer cell-culture technique to improve yields of a herpesvirus of turkeys. Avian Dis (16): 1087–1093, 1972.
Robinson DM: Loa-temperature preservation of cells in culture. Laboratory Practice (15): 410–412, 1966.
Churchill AE, Baxendale W: The standardization and testing of the different forms of Marek’s disease vaccine. Progr Inmunobiol Standard (5): 120–125, 1972.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1985 Martinus Nijhoff Publishing, Boston
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Churchill, A.E. (1985). Production of Vaccines. In: Payne, L.N. (eds) Marek’s Disease. Developments in Veterinary Virology, vol 1. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2613-7_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2613-7_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9635-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-2613-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive