Abstract
It has long been recognized that stress may play a major role in the etiology of cardiovascular disease (1). However, stress has never enjoyed the official status of a “risk factor” due to the lack of accurate methods of quantifying the deleterious physiological effects of stress upon the intact human organism. Earlier reports in the literature (2–4) had suggested that stress exerts its influence upon disease formation via disturbances of the adrenal-medullary and adrenal-cortical systems. Several researchers have demonstrated that various stressful laboratory tasks elicit rapid changes in catecholamine levels (5–7). Others have demonstrated that such tasks, particularly those requiring mental work or quick defensive reaction, stimulate a pattern of increased heart rate (HR), cardiac output, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) mediated through the β-adrenergic sympathetic system (8–10).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Buell JC, Eliot RS: Stress and cardiovascular disease. Mod Concepts Cardiovasc Dis (4): 19–24, 1979.
Cannon, WB: Emergency function of the adrenal medulla in pain and the major emotions. Amer J Physiol (33): 356–372, 1914.
Mason JW: Organization of psychoendocrine mechanisms: A review and reconsideration of the research. Greenfield NS and Sternbach RA (eds) In Handbook of Psychophysiology. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York, 1972.
Selye H: The general adaptation syndrome and the diseases of adaptation. J Clin Endocrin (6): 117–230, 1946.
Forsman L, Lindblad LE: Effects of mental stress on baroreceptor-mediated changes in blood pressure and heart rate and on plasma catecholamines and subjective responses in healthy men and women. Psychosom Med (45): 435–445, 1983.
Glass DC, Krakoff LR, Contrada R, Hilton WF, Kehoe K, Mannucci EG, Collins, Snow B, Elting E: Effects of harassment and competition upon cardiovascular and plasma catecholamine responses in Type A and Type B individuals. Psychophysiology (17): 453–463, 1980.
Ward MM, Medford IN, Parker SD, Chesney MA, Taylor CB, Keegan DL, Barchas JD: Epinephrine responses in continuously collected human plasma to a series of stressors. Psychosom Med (45): 471–487, 1983.
Adams DB, Baccelli G, Moncia G, Zanchetti A: Cardiovascular changes during naturally elicited fighting behavior in the cat. Am J Physiol (216): 1226–1235, 1969.
Obrist PA: Cardiac-behavioral interactions: A critical appraisal. In: Cacioppo JT, Petty RE (eds) Perspectives in Cardiovascular Psychophysiology. New York: Guilford Press, 1982.
Williams RB, Lane JD, Kuhn CM, Melosh W, White AD, Schanberg SM: Type A behavior and elevated physiological and neuroendocrine responses to cognitive tasks. Science (218): 483–485, 1982.
Raab W, Krjywanek HJ: Cardiovascular sympathetic tone and stress response related to personality patterns and exercise habits: A potential cardiac risk and screening test. Am J Cardiol (16): 42–53, 1965.
Steptoe A, Ross A: Psychophysiological reactivity and the prediction of cardiovascular disorders. J Psychosom Res (25): 23–31, 1981.
Manuck SB, Kaplan JR, Clarkson TB: Behaviorally-induced heart rate reactivity and atherosclerosis in cynomalgus monkeys. Psychosom Med (45): 95–108, 1983.
Keys A, Taylor ML, Blackburn HW, Brozek J, Anderson J, Simonsor E: Mortality and coronary heart disease among men studied for 23 years. Arch Int Med (128): 201–214, 1971.
Buhler FR, Boll P, Itulthen UL, Amann FW, Kiowski W: Alpha-adrenoreceptors, adrenaline, and exaggerated vasoconstrictor response to stress in essential hypertension. Chest (83): 304–306, 1983.
Lovallo W: The cold pressor test and autonomic function: a review and integration. Psychophysiology (12): 268–282, 1975.
MacDougall JM, Dembroski TM, Krantz DS: Effects of types of challange on pressor and heart rate responses in type A and B women. Psychophysiology (18): 1–9, 1981.
Miller JC, Horvath SM: Impedance cardiography. Psychophysiology (15): 80–91, 1978.
Buell JC, McKinney ME, Myers D, Beck B, Eliot RS: The validity of impedance cardiography. Psychophysiology (20): 420, 1983.
Ruddel H, McKinney ME, Buell JC, Eliot RS: Reliabilitat des cold pressor tests. Herz-medizin (7): 39–43, 1984.
Cummings MF, Steele PM, Mahar LJ, Frewin DB, Russell WJ: The role of adrenal medullary catecholamine release in the response to a cold pressor test. Cardiovasc Res (17): 189–191, 1983.
Le Blanc J, Cote J, Jobin M, Labrie A: Plasma catecholamines and cardiovascular resonses to cold and mental activity. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exercise Physiol (47): 1207–1211, 1979.
Robertson D, Johnson G, Robertson RM, Nies A, Shand D, Oates J: Comparative assessment of stimuli that release neuronal and medullary catecholamines in man. Circulation (59): 637–643, 1979.
Andren L, Hansson L: Circulatory effects of stress in essential hypertension. Acta Med Scand (Suppl) (646): 69–72, 1981.
Brown MJ, Jenner DA, Allison DJ, Dollery CT: Variations in individual organ release of noradrenaline measured by an improved radioenzymatic technique: limitations of peripheral venous measurements in the assessment of sympathetic nervous activity. Clin Sci (61): 585–590, 1981.
Manuck SB, Schaeffer DC: Stability of individual differences in cardiovascular reactivity. Physiol Behavior (21): 675–678, 1978.
Manuck SB, Garland FN: Stability in individual differences in cardiovascular reactivity: A thirteen month follow-up. Physiol Behavior (23): 621–624, 1980.
Williams RB: The sensory processing reaction: Increased peripheral resistance and muscle vasoconstriction. In RS Surwit, RB Williams Jr, D Shapiro (eds) Behavioral Approaches to Cardiovascular Disease, Academic Press, New York, 1982, pp. 30–45.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1985 Martinus Nijhoff Publishing, Boston
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Todd, G.L., Clayton, F.C., McKinney, M.E., Ruddel, H., Buell, J.C., Eliot, R.S. (1985). Plasma Catecholamine Variations in Physiologically Reactive and Nonreactive Individuals to Cold Pressor Test. In: Beamish, R.E., Panagia, V., Dhalla, N.S. (eds) Pathogenesis of Stress-Induced Heart Disease. Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, vol 46. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2589-5_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2589-5_16
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9623-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-2589-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive