Abstract
Platelets, small anucleated blood cells, have an important role in the genesis of cardiovascular disease. As part of the normal mechanism for maintaining the integrity of blood vessels, platelets circulate in the blood stream ready to sense vascular injury and to coordinate any necessary repairs. It is in circumstances where a component of this repair process goes awry, or where repeated injury leads to inordinate degrees of damage and response in the vessel wall that cardiovascular disease tends to arise. Under conditions of stress a number of plasma constituents including catecholamines, von Willebrand factor, cholesterol and sometimes vasopressin may be raised and may contribute to an enhanced level of platelet responsiveness. This, together with other stress-associated changes, may be a significant contributor to the adverse effects of stress on the cardiovascular system. In this paper, I shall explore our current understanding of the role of platelets with emphasis on the influence of catecholamines and other stress related chemicals on the function of these cells.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
White JG, Gerrard JM: The cell biology of inflammation. In: Weissmann G. (ed) Platelet in cell biology. Elsevier/North Holland, Amsterdam, 1980, pp 83–144.
Gordon JL: Platelet in biology and pathology-2. Elsevier/North Holland, Amsterdam, 1981.
Gerrard JM, Friesen LL: Platelets. In: L. Poller (ed) Advances in blood coagulation-4. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, In press.
Fauvel F, Grant ME, Legrand YJ, Souchon H, Tobelem G, Jackson DS, Caen JP: Interaction of blood platelets with microfibrillar extract from adult bovine aorta: requirement for von Willebrand factor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.(80):551–554, 1983.
Mustard JF, Packham MA, Kinlough-Rathbone RL, Perry DW, Regoeczi E: Fibrinogen and ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Blood (52):453–466, 1978.
Bennett JS, Vilaire G: Exposure of platelet fibrinogen receptors by ADP and epinephrine. J. Clin. Invest (64):1393–1401, 1979.
Marguerie GA, Plow EF: The fibrinogen dependent pathway for platelet aggregation. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci.(408):556–566, 1983.
Gerrard JM, Peterson DA, White JG: Calcium mobilization. In: Gordon JL (ed) Platelets in biology and pathology-2. Elsevier/North Holland, Amsterdam, 1981, pp 407–436.
Kaibuchi K, Takai Y, Sawamura M, Hoshijima M, Fujikura T, Nishizuka Y: Synergistic functions of protein phosphorylation and calcium mobilization in platelet activation. J. Biol. Chem.(258):6701–6704, 1983.
Carroll RC, Butler RG, Morris PA, Gerrard JM: Separable assembly of platelet pseudopodal and contractile cytoskeletons. Cell(30):385–393, 1982.
Agranoff BW, Murphy P, Sequin EB: Thrombin-induced phosphodiesteratic cleavage of phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate in human platelets. J. Biol. Chem.(258):2076–2078, 1983.
Streb H, Irvine RF, Berridge MJ, Schulz I: Release of Ca from a nonmitochondrial intracellular store in pancreatic acinar cells by inositol-4,5-trisphosphate. Nature(306):67– 69, 1983.
Cohen I, Gerrard JM, White JG: Ultrastructure of clots during isometric contraction. J. Cell Biol.(93):775–787, 1982.
Dawes J, Smith RC, Pepper DS: The release, distribution and clearance of human β-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4. Thrombosis Res.(12):851–861, 1978.
Granstrom E, Diczfalusy U, Hamberg M: The thromboxanes. In: Pace-Asciak C, Granstrom E (eds) Prostaglandins and related substances. Elsevier/ North Holland, Amsterdam, 1983, pp 45–94.
Haft JI, Arkel YS: Effect of emotional stress on platelet aggregation in humans. Chest(70):501–505, 1976.
Mest H-J. Zehl U, Sziegoleit W, Taube C, Forster W: Influence of mental stress on plasma levels of prostaglandins, thromboxane B2 and on circulating platelet aggregates in man. Prost. Leuk. Med.(8):553–563, 1982.
Sarajas HSS: Reaction patterns of blood platelets in exercise. Adv. Cardiol.(18):176–195, 1976.
Mehta J, Mehta P: Comparison of platelet function during exercise in normal subjects and coronary artery disease patients:potential role of platelet activation in myocardial ischemia. Am. Heart J.(103):49–53, 1982
Yamazaki H, Kobayashi E, Shimamoto T: Enhancement of ADP-induced platelet aggregation by exercise test in coronary patients and its prevention by pyridinolcarbamate. Thromb. Diath. Haemorrh(24):438, 1970.
Poller L, Priest CM, Thomas JM: Platelet aggregation and strenous exercise. Br. J. Physiol.(213):525–531, 1971.
Stratton JR, Malpass TW, Ritchie JL, Pfeifer MA, Harker LA: Studies of platelet factor 4 and 3 thromboglobulin release during exercise: lack of relationship to myocardial ischemia. Circulation(66):33–43, 1982.
Fitchett D, Gilmore N, Ehrman M: Platelet release of 3-thromboglobulin within the coronary circulation during cold pressor stress. Am. J. Cardiol.(52):727730, 1983.
Gerrard JM, Israels SJ, Cheang MS, Bishop AJ, Rayner HL, Kobrinsky Schroeder ML, Israels, ED: Association of age, hematocrit, platelet function, von Willebrand factor and prothrombin consumption with the length of the bleeding time. Blood, submitted.
Dimsdale JE, Moss J: Plasma catecholamines in stress and exercise. J.A.M.A.(243):340–342, 1980.
Grant JA, Scrutton MC: Positive interaction between agonists in the aggregation response of human blood platelets: interaction between ADP, adrenaline and vasopressin. Br. J. Haem.(44):109–125, 1980.
Thomas. DP: Effect of catacholamines on platelet aggregation caused by thrombin. Nature(215):298–299, 1967.
Mills DCB, Roberts GCK: Effects of adrenaline on human blood platelets. J. Physiol,(193):443–453, 1967.
Shattil SJ, Anaya-Galindo R, Bennet J, et al: Platelet hypersensitivity induced by cholesterol incorporation. J. Clin. Invest.(55):636–643, 1975
Carvalho ACA, Colman RW, Lees RS: Platelet function in hyperlipoproteinemia. N. Engl. J. Med.(290):434–438, 1974.
Scrutton MC: Metiamide is not an α2-adrenoceptor antagonist in human platelets. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.(32):438, 1980.
Carroll RC, Gerrard JM: unpublished results.
Haslam RJ, Davidson MML, Davies T, Lynham JA, McClenaghan MD: Regulation of blood platelet function by cyclic nucleotides. Adv. Cyclic Nucl. Res.(9):533–552, 1978.
Owen NE, Feinberg H, LeBreton GC: Epinephrine induced Ca uptake in human blood platelets. Am. J. Physiol.(239):H483-H488, 1980.
Brass LF, Shattil SJ: Changes in surface bound and exchangeable calcium during platelet activation. J. Biol. Chem.(257):1400, 1982.
Rao GHR, Reddy KR, White JG: The influence of epinephrine on prostacyclin (PGI2) induced dissociation of ADP aggregated platelets. Prostaglandins Med.(4):385–397, 1980.
Peterson DA, Gerrard JM, Glover SM, Rao GHR, White JG: Epinephrine reduction of heme: implication for understanding the transmission of an agonist stimulus. Science (215):71–73, 1982.
Newman KD, Williams LT, Bishopric NH, Lefkowitz RJ: Identification of alpha-adrenergic receptors in human platelets by (3H)dihydroergocryptine binding. J. Clin. Invest.(61):395–402, 1978.
Peterson DA, Gerrard JM: unpublished results.
White JG, Rao GHR, Gerrard JM: Effects of nitroblue tetrazolium and vitamin E on platelet ultrastructure, aggregation and secretion. Amer. J. Pathol.(88):387–402, 1977.
Weiss HJ, Hoyer LW, Rickles FR, Varma A, Rogers J: Quantitative assay of plasma factor deficient in von Willebrand’s disease that is necessary for platelet aggregation. J. Clin. Invest.(52):27–28, 1973.
Kobrinsky NL, Israels ED, Gerrard JM, Cheang MS, Watson CM, Bishop AJ, Schroeder ML: Shortening of the bleeding time by l-deamino-8D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) in various bleeding disorders. Lancet(1):1145, 1984.
Meade TW: Epidemiology of atheroma and thrombosis. In: Bloom AL, Thomas DP (ed) Haemostasis and Thrombosis, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp 575–592, 1981.
Thomas CB, Murphy EA: Further studies on cholesterol levels in the Johns Hopkins Medical Students: Effect of stress at examinations. J. Chronic. Dis. (8):661–669, 1958.
Wertlake PT, Wilcox AA, Haley MI, Peterson JE: Relationship of mental and emotional stress to serum cholesterol levels. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med.(97):163–168, 1958.
Shattil SJ, Nirenberg P, Insel PA: Cholesterol incorporation into human platelets increase aggregation by epinephrine but does not change the number or affinity of α-adrenergic receptors. Clin. Res. (26):118A, 1978.
Stuart MJ, Gerrard JM, White JG: Effect of cholesterol on production of thromboxane B2 by platelets in vitro. New. Engl. J. Med.(302):6–10, 1980.
Boogaerts MA, Vermylen J, Deckmyn H, Roelant C, Verwilghen RL, Jacob HS, Moldow CF: Thromb. Haem.(50):572, 1983.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1985 Martinus Nijhoff Publishing, Boston
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gerrard, J.M., Peterson, D.A. (1985). The Contribution of Platelets to Stress-Related Cardiovascular Disease. In: Beamish, R.E., Singal, P.K., Dhalla, N.S. (eds) Stress and Heart Disease. Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, vol 45. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2587-1_27
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2587-1_27
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9622-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-2587-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive