Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Hydrocephalus

  • Chapter
Computed Tomography of Congenital Brain Malformations

  • 72 Accesses

Abstract

Ventricular enlargement (ventriculomegaly) does not automatically imply hydrocephalus. Ventriculomegaly can be caused by tissue loss (atropic ventriculomegaly) or obstruction to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathways (obstructive ventriculomegaly). Hydrocephalus denotes ventriculomegaly that is or has been under increased pressure; such pressure may be constant or intermittent. The destructive effect of hydrocephalus is best conveyed by the concept of force as envisaged by LaPlace’s law: F = P x A (F = force, P = pressure, and A = area).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Ment LR, Duncan CC, Geehr R: Benign enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces in the infant. JNeurosurg, 54:504–508, 1981.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Volpe JJ, Pasternak JF, Allan WC: Ventricular dilation preceding rapid head growth following neonatal intracranial hemorrhage. Am J Dis Child, 131:1212–1215, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Pedersen H, Gyldensted M, Gyldensted C: Measurement of the normal ventricular system and supratentorial subarachnoid space in children with computed tomography. Neuroradiology, 17:231–237, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Hahn FJY, Rim K: Frontal ventricular dimensions on normal computed tomography. AJR, 126: 593–596, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Cutler RWP, Page L, Galicich J, et al.: Formation and absorption of cerebrospinal fluid in man. Brain, 91:707–720, 1968.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Milhorat TH: The third circulation revisited. J Neurosurg, 42:628–645, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Rubin RC, Henderson ES, Ommaya AK, et al.: The production of cerebrospinal fluid in man and its modification by acetazolamide. J Neurosurg, 25: 430–436, 1966.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Fishman RA: Cerebrospinal Fluid in Diseases of the Nervous System. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Stewart DR, Johnson, DG, Myers GG: Hydrocephalus as a complication of jugular catheterization during total parenteral nutrition. J Pediat Surg, 10:771–777, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Di Rocco C, Di Trapani G, Pettorossi VE, et al.: On the pathology of experimental hydrocephalus induced by artificial increase in endoventricular CSF pulse pressure. Childs Brain, 5:81–95, 1979.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Drapkin AJ, Sahar A: Experimental hydrocephalus: Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and ventricular distensibility during early stages. Childs Brain, 4: 278–288, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Rosman NP, Shands KN: Hydrocephalus caused by increased intracranial venous pressure: A clinico-pathological study. Ann Neurol, 3:445–450, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Bering EA, Salbi B: Production of hydrocephalus by 25. increased cephalic-venous pressure. J Neurol - Psychiat, 81:693, 1959.

    Google Scholar 

  14. LeMay M: Morphological cerebral asymmetrics of 26. modern man, fossil man, and nonhuman primate Annals New York Acad Sciences, 280:349–366. 1976.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Linder M, Diehl JT, Sklar FH: Significance of post 27. shunt ventricular asymmetries. J Neurosurg, 55: 183–186, 1981.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Hochwald GM, Epstein F, Malhan C, et al.: The role of the skull and dura in experimental feline hydrocephalus. Dey Med Child Neurol, [Suppl] 27:65–69, 1972.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Naidich TP, Epstein F, Lin JP, et al.: Evaluation of pediatric hydrocephalus by computed tomography. Radiology, 119:337–345, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Pasquini U, Bronzini M, Gozzoli E, et al.: Periventricular hypodensity in hydrocephalus: a clinico-radiological and mathematical analysis using computed tomography. J Comput Assist Tomogr, 1:443–448, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Hiratsuka H, Fujiwara K, Okada K, et al.: Modifica. tion of periventricular hypodensity in hydrocephalus with ventricular reflux in metrizamide CT cisternography. J Comput Assist Tomogr, 3. 204–208, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Di Chiro G, Arimitsu T, Brooks RA, et al.: Computed tomography profiles of periventricular hypo-density in hydrocephalus and leukoencephalopathy. Radiology, 130:661–666, 1979.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Moseley IF, Radu EW: Factors influencing the development of periventricular lucencies in patients with raised intracranial pressure. Neuroradiology, 17:65–69, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Hopkins LN, Kakay L, Kinkel WR, et al.: Demonstration of transventricular CSF absorption by computerized tomography. Acta Neurochir, 39:151–157, 1977.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Naidich TP, Schott LH, Baron RL: Computed tomography in evaluation of hydrocephalus. Rad Cl NAmer, 20:143–167, 1982.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Chiba, Y, Takagi H, Nakajima F, et al.: Cerebrospinal fluid edema: a rare complication of shunt operation for hydrocephalus. Report of three cases. J Neurosurg, 57:697–700, 1982

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Naidich, TP, McLone DG, Hahn YS, Hanaway J: Atrial diverticula in severe hydrocephalus. AJNR, 3:257–266, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Nixon GW, Ravin CE: Malposition of the attached portion of the falx cerebri and the superior sagittal sinus: an indicator of severe cerebral maldevelopment. AJR, 122: 44–51, 1974.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Wolpeit SM: Dural sinus configuration: measure of congenital disease. Radiology, 92:1511–1516, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Shellinger D, McCullough DC, Pederson RT: Cornputed tomography in the hycrocephalic patient after shunting. Radiology, 137:693–704, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Rubin RC, Hochwald G, Liwnicz B: The effect of severe hydrocephalus on size and number of brain cells. Dev Med Child Neurol, 14 [Suppl 27]:117–120, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Rubin RC, Hochwald G, Tiell M, et al.: Reconstitution of the cerebral cortical mantle in shunt-corrected hydrocephalus. Dey Med Child Neurol [Suppl 35]:151–156, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Rubin RC, Hochwald GM, Tiell M, et al.: Hydrocephalus: I. Histological and ultrastructural changes in the pre-shunted cortical mantle. Surg Neurol, 5:109–114, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Rubin RC, Hochwald GM, Tiell M, et al.: Hydrocephalus: II. Cell number and size, and myelin content of the pre-shunted cortical mantle. Surg Neurol, 5:115–118, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Rubin RC, Hochwald GM, Tiell M, et al.: Hydrocephalus: III. Reconstitution of the cerebral cortical mantle following ventricular shunting. Surg Neurol, 5:179–183, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Raimondi AJ, Soare P: Intellectual development in shunted hydrocephalic children. Am J Dis Child, 127:664–671, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Lorber J: The results of early treatment of extreme hydrocephalus. Dey Med Child Neurol, 16:21–29, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Young HF, Nulsen FE, Weiss MH, Thomas P: The relationship of intelligence to cerebral mantle in treated infantile hydrocephalus. Pediatrics, 52: 38–54, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Dennis M, Fitz CR, Netley CT, et al.: The intelligence of hydrocephalic children. Arch Neurol, 38:607–615, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Section of Neuroradiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

    Mohammad Sarwar M.D. (Associate Professor of Diagnostic Radiology)

Authors
  1. Mohammad Sarwar M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1985 Warren H. Green, Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Sarwar, M. (1985). Hydrocephalus. In: Computed Tomography of Congenital Brain Malformations. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2571-0_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2571-0_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9614-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-2571-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation