Abstract
Psychosomatic medicine as a scientific discipline and an approach to medical practice has staged a spectacular comeback. After seeming to be dormant, if not extinct, for almost two decades, it is once more in the mainstream of contemporary medicine and thought. The problem of assessing the relative contribution of psychological, biological, and social factors to the development, course, and outcome of physical and psychiatric disorders has regained a dominant position in both medicine and psychiatry. Psychosomatic medicine has provided them with a relevant set of theoretical assumptions and a long tradition of addressing the mind-body problem in research and clinical practice. The field has grown rapidly in breadth, complexity, and diversity. It has attempted to answer very old questions about human health and disease with the aid of modern investigative methods. Its current revival seems to mark the twilight of the golden age of reductionism, of an intolerant and narrow approach to the study and treatment of disease from a purely biological, psychological, or social viewpoint.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
World Health Organization: Technical Discussion 6, 27th World Health Assembly. Geneva, WHO, 1974.
Shepherd M: Book review of OW Hill (ed):Modern Trends in Psychosomatic Medicine2.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry34: 207, 1971.
Lipowski, ZJ: Psychosomatic medicine (letter to editor).Lancet1: 175, 1974.
Reiser MF (ed):Organic Disorders and Psychosomatic Medicine. American Handbook of Psychiatry, ed 2. Arieti S, (ed-in-chief). New York, Basic Books, 1975, vol 4.
Lipowski ZJ, Lipsitt DR, Whybrow PC (eds):Psychosomatic Medicine: Current Trends and Clinical Applications. New York, Oxford University Press, 1977.
Hill OW (ed):Modern Trends in Psychosomatic Medicine 3. London, Butterworths, 1976.
Lipowski ZJ: Review of consultation psychiatry and psychosomatic medicine: theoretical issues.Psychosom Med30: 395–422, 1968.
Wittkower ED: Historical perspective of contemporary psychosomatic medicine.Int J Psychiatry Med5: 309–319, 1974.
Rather LJ:Mind and Body in Eighteenth Century Medicine. Berkeley, University of California Press, 1965.
Tuke DH:Illustrations of the Influence of the Mind upon the Body in Health and Disease. London, Churchill, 1872.
Alexander F:Psychosomatic Medicine. New York, WW Norton & Co, 1950.
Alexander F, French TM, Pollock GH (eds):Psychosomatic Specificity. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1968.
Kellner R: Psychotherapy in psychosomatic disorders.Arch Gen Psychiatry32: 1021–1028, 1975.
Wolff HG:Stress and Disease. Springfield, III, Charles C Thomas, 1953.
Grinker RR:Psychosomatic Research. New York, WW Norton & Co, 1953.
Engel GL: A unified concept of health and disease.Perspect Biol Med3: 459–485, 1960.
Lazarus RS:Psychological Stress and the Coping Process. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1960.
Lipowski ZJ: Psychosomatic medicine in a changing society: Some current trends in theory and research.Compr Psychiatry14: 203–215, 1973.
Dubos R:Man, Medicine, and Environment. New York, American Library, 1968.
Shapiro D, Surwit RS: Operant conditioning: A new theoretical approach in psychosomatic medicine.Int J Psychiatry Med5: 377–387, 1974.
Ader R: The role of developmental factors in susceptibility to disease.Int J Psychiatry Med5: 367–376, 1974.
Hinkle LE: The concept of “stress” in the biological and social sciences.Int J Psychiatry Med5: 335–357, 1974.
Mason JW: A historical view of the stress field.J Hum Stress1: 6–12, 1975.
Dohrenwend BS, Dohrenwend BP (eds):Stressful Life Events: Their Nature and Effects. New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1974.
Rahe RH: Epidemiological studies of life change and illness.Int J Psychiatry Med6: 133–146, 1975.
Lipowski ZJ: Physical illness, the patient and his environment: psychosocial foundations of medicine, in Reiser MF (ed):American Handbook of Psychiatry, ed 2, Arieti S (ed-in-chief). New York, Basic Books, 1975, vol 4, pp 3–42.
Engel GL, Schmale AH: Conservation withdrawal: A primary regulatory process for organismic homeostasis, inPhysiology, Emotion & Psychosomatic Illness. Ciba Foundation Symposium 8 (new series). Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1972, pp 57–87.
Physiology, Emotion & Psychosomatic Illness. Ciba Foundation Symposium 8 (new series). Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1972.
Levi L (ed):Emotions—Their Parameters and Measurement. New York, Raven Press, 1975.
Clayton PJ: The clinical morbidity of the first year of bereavement: A review.Compr Psychiatry14: 151–157, 1973.
Kasl SV, Gore S, Cobb S: The experience of losing a job: Reported changes in health, symptoms and illness behavior.Psychosom Med37: 106–122, 1975.
Minuchin S, Baker L, Rosman BL, et al: A conceptual model of psychosomatic illness in children.Arch Gen Psychiatry32: 1031–1038, 1975.
Meissner WW: Family process and psychosomatic disease.Int J Psychiatry Med5: 411–430, 1974.
McLean A (ed):Occupational Stress. Springfield, III, Charles C Thomas, 1974.
Lipowski ZJ: Sensory and information overload: behavioral effects.Compr Psychiatry16: 199–211, 1975.
Schmale AH: Giving up as a final common pathway to changes in health, in Lipowski ZJ (ed):Psychosocial Aspects of Physical Illness. Basel, S Karger, 1972, pp 20–40.
Holmes TH, Masuda M: Life change and illness susceptibility, in Dohrenwend BS, Dohrenwend BP (eds):Stressful Life Events: Their Nature and Effects. New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1974, pp 45–72.
Mechanic D: Stress, illness, and illness behavior.J Hum Stress2: 2–6, 1976.
Roessler R, Engel BT: The current status of the concepts of physiological response specificity and activation.Int J Psychiatry Med5: 359–366, 1974.
Miller NE: Application of learning and biofeedback to psychiatry and medicine, in Freedman AM, Kaplan HI, Sadock BJ (eds):Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, ed 2, Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co, 1975, vol 1, pp 349–365.
Mirsky IA: Physiologic, psychologic and social determinants in the etiology of peptic ulcer.Am J Dig Dis3: 285 - 313, 1958.
Friedman M, Rosenman RH:Type A Behavior and Your Heart. New York, Alfred A Knopf, 1974.
Thurlow HJ: General susceptibility to illness: A selective review.Can Med Assoc J97: 1397–1404, 1967.
Cassel J: The contribution of the social environment to host resistance.Am J Epidemiol 104: 107–123,
Susser M:Casual Thinking in the Health Sciences. New York, Oxford University Press, 1973, p 124.
Psychosocial factors and health.WHO Chron30: 337–339, 1976.
Dodge DL, Martin WT:Social Stress and Chronic Illness. Notre Dame, Ind, University of Notre Dame Press, 1970.
Engel GL: Selection of clinical material in psychosomatic medicine.Psychosom Med16: 368–373, 1954.
Jenkins DC: Psychologic and social risk factors for coronary disease.N Engl J Med294: 987–994, 1976.
Jenkins DC: Recent evidence supporting psychologic and social risk factors for coronary disease.N Engl J Med294: 1033–1038, 1976.
Eliot RS (ed):Stress and the Heart. Mount Kisco, NY, Futura Publishing Co, 1974.
Gentry WD, William RB (eds):Myocardial Infarction and Coronary Care. St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1975.
Lipowski ZJ: Psychophysiological cardiovascular disorders, in Freedman AM, Kaplan HI, Sadock BJ (eds):Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, ed 2. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co, 1975, vol 2, pp 1660–1668.
Pilowsky I, Spalding D, Shaw J, et al: Hypertension and personality.Psychosom Med35: 50–56, 1973.
Cobb S, Rose RM: Hypertension, peptic ulcer and diabetes in air traffic controllers.JAMA224: 489–492, 1973.
Henry HP: The induction of acute and chronic cardiovascular disease in animals by psychosocial stimulation.lnt J Psychiatry Med6: 145–158, 1975.
Goldman H, Kleinman KM, Snow MY, et al: Relationship between essential hypertension and cognitive functioning: Effects of biofeedback.Psychophysiology12: 569–573, 1975.
Stone RA, De Leo J: Psychotherapeutic control of hypertension.N Engl J Med294: 80–84, 1976.
Greer S, Morris T: Psychological attributes of women who develop breast cancer: A controlled study.J Psychosom Res19: 147–153, 1975.
Abse DW, Wilkins MM, Van de Castle RL, et al: Personality and behavioral characteristics of lung cancer patients.J Psychosom Res18: 101–113, 1974.
Schonfeld J: Psychological and life experience differences between Israeli women with benign and cancerous breast lesions.J Psychosom Res19: 229–234, 1975.
Schmale A, Iker H: The psychological setting of uterine cervical cancer.NY Acad Sci125: 807–813, 1966.
Riley V: Mouse mammary tumors: Alteration of incidence as apparent function of stress.Science189: 465–467, 1975.
Rapkin JG, Struening EL: Life events, stress, and illness.Science194: 1013–1020, 1976.
Cobb S: Presidential address—1976: social support as a moderator of life stress,Psychosom Med38: 300–314, 1976.
Gersten JC, Friis R, Langner TS: Life dissatisfactions, job dissatisfaction and illness of married men over time.Am J Epidemiol103: 333–341, 1976.
Syme SL, Berkman LF: Social class, susceptibility and sickness.Am J Epidemiol104: 1–8, 1976.
Goldberg EL, Comstock GW: Life events and subsequent illness.Am J Epidemiol104: 146–158, 1976.
Thomas CB, Greenstreet RL: Psychobiological characteristics in youth as predictors of five disease states: Suicide, mental illness, hypertension, coronary heart disease and tumor.Johns Hopkins Med J132: 16–43, 1973.
Johnson LC: Psychophysiological research: aims and methods.Int J Psychiatry Med5: 565–573, 1974.
Kiely WF: From the symbolic stimulus to the pathophysiological response: neurophysiological mechanisms.Int J Psychiatry Med5: 517–529, 1974.
Whybrow PC, Silberfarb PM: Neuroendocrine mediating mechanisms: from the symbolic stimulus to the physiological response.Int J Psychiatry Med5: 531–539, 1974.
Amkraut H, Solomon GF: From the symbolic stimulus to the pathophysiologic response: immune mechanisms.Int J Psychiatry Med5: 541–563, 1974.
Stein M, Schiavi RC, Camerino M: Influence of brain and behavior on the immune system.Science191: 435–440, 1976.
Mason JW: Emotion as reflected in patterns of endocrine integration, in Levi L (ed):Emotions—Their Parameters and Measurement. New York, Raven Press, 1975, pp 143–181.
Patkai P: Laboratory studies of psychological stress.Int J Psychiatry Med5: 575–585, 1974.
Frankenhaeuser M: Experimental approaches to the study of catecholamines and emotion, in Levi L (ed):Emotions—Their Parameters and Measurement. New York, Raven Press, 1975, pp 209–234.
Taggart P, Carruthers M, Somerville W: Electrocardiogram, plasma catecholamines and lipids, and their modification of oxprenolol when speaking before an audience.Lancet2: 341–346, 1973.
Lipowski ZJ: Psychiatry of somatic diseases: epidemiology, pathogenesis, classification.Compr Psychiatry16: 105–124, 1975.
Lipowski ZJ (ed):Psychosocial Aspects of Physical Illness. Basel, S Karger, 1972.
Twaddle AC: The concepts of the sick role and illness behavior, in Lipowski ZJ (ed):Psychosocial Aspects of Physical Illness. Basel, S. Karger, 1972, pp 162–179.
Cay EL, Vetter N, Philip AE, et al: Psychological status during recovery from an acute heart attack.J Psychosom Res16: 425–435, 1972.
Cay EL, Vetter N, Philip AE, et al: Return to work after a heart attack.J Psychosom Res17: 231–243, 1973.
Aitken C, Cay EL: Clinical psychosomatic research.Int J Psychiatry Med6: 29–41, 1975.
Howells JG (ed):Modern Perspectives in the Psychiatric Aspects of Surgery. New York, Brunner/Mazel, 1976.
Abram HS: Psychiatry and medical progress: Therapeutic considerations.Int J Psychiatry Med6: 203–211, 1975.
Hurst MW, Jenkins CD, Rose RM: The relation of psychological stress to onset of medical illness.Annu Rev Med27: 301–312, 1976.
Karczmar AG, Eccles JC (eds):Brain and Human Behavior. New York, Springer-Verlag, 1972.
Lipowski ZJ: Organic brain syndromes: overview and classification, in Benson DF, Blumer D (eds):Psychiatric Aspects of Neurological Disease. New York, Grune & Stratton, 1975, pp 11–35.
Hauri PP: Biofeedback and self-control of physiological functions: clinical applications.Int J Psychiatry Med6: 255–265, 1975.
Birk L (ed):Biofeedback: Behavioral Medicine. New York, Grune & Stratton, 1973.
Price KP: The application of behavior therapy to the treatment of psychosomatic disorders: Retrospect and prospect.Psychother Theory, Res Pract2: 138–155, 1974.
Benson H, Greenwood MM, Klemchuk H: The relaxation response: psychophysiologic aspects and clinical applications.Int J Psychiatry Med6: 87–98, 1975.
Solow C: Psychotropic drugs in somatic disorders.Int J Psychiatry Med6: 267–282, 1975.
Kinston M, Wolff H: Bodily communication and psychotherapy: a psychosomatic approach.Int J Psychiatry Med6: 195–201, 1975.
Stein A: Group therapy with psychosomatically ill patients, in Kaplan HI, Sadock BJ (eds):Comprehensive Group Psychotherapy. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co, 1971, pp 581–601.
Frankel FH: Hypnosis as a treatment method in psychosomatic medicine.Int J Psychiatry Med6: 75–85, 1975.
Stunkard AJ: Presidential address—1974: From explanation to action in psychosomatic medicine: the case of obesity.Psychosom Med37: 195–204, 1975.
Lipowski ZJ: Consultation-liaison psychiatry: Past, present, and future, in Pasnau RO (ed):Consultation- Liaison Psychiatry. New York, Grune & Stratton, 1975, pp 1–28.
Reichsman F: Teaching psychosomatic medicine to medical students, residents and postgraduate fellows.Int J Psychiatry Med6: 307–316, 1975.
Engel GL: Memorial lecture: the psychosomatic approach to individual susceptibility to disease.Gastroenterology67: 1085–1093, 1974.
Freyhan FA: Is psychosomatic obsolete? A psychiatric reappraisal.Compr Psychiatry17: 381–386, 1976.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1977 American Psychiatric Association
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lipowski, Z.J. (1977). Psychosomatic Medicine in the Seventies. In: Psychosomatic Medicine and Liaison Psychiatry. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2509-3_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2509-3_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9517-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-2509-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive