Abstract
Although the inflammatory mechanisms operative in the various connective tissue diseases are all different, there are certain features common to many of them. These include tissue deposition of circulating immune complexes, a vasculopathy, and fibrinoid necrosis of the surrounding tissue. Other chapters in this text deal with immune complexes, activation of complement, and recruitment and activation of neutrophils, all of which are important aspects of immunologically mediated inflammation. This chapter focuses on the tissue deposition of immune complexes, the role of vasoactive factors in the inflammatory response, and the interrelationship of these events with coagulation and fibrinolysis to cause fibrinoid necrosis.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adu, J., and Williams, D., 1981, DNA-anti DNA circulating complexes in the nephritis of systemic lupus erythematosus, Clin. Exp. Immunol. 43:605–614.
Allen, R. A., and Pepper, D. C., 1981, Isolation and properties of human vascular plasminogen activator, Thromb. Haemostas. 45:43–50.
Arnoux, B., Jouvin-Marche, E., Arnoux, A., and Benveniste, J., 1982, Release of PAF-acether from human blood monocytes, Agents Actions 12:713–716.
Bajaj, S. P., and Castellino, F. J., 1977, Activation of human plasminogen by equimolar levels of streptokinase, J. Biol. Chem. 252:492–498.
Barone, C., Bartolini, C., Jentiloni, N., Greico, A., and Flamini, G., 1981, Systemic lupus erythematosus with only IgE class antinuclear antibodies, Arthritis Rheum. 24:1441–1443.
Bar-Shavit, R., Kahn, A., Fenton, J. W., and Wilner, J. D., 1983, Chemotactic response of monocyte to thrombin, J. Cell Biol. 96:282–285.
Belch, J. J., Drury, J. K., Capell, H., Forbes, C. D., Newman, P., McKenzie, F., Lieberman, P., and Prentice, C. R. M., 1983, Intermittant epoprostenol (prostacyclin) infusion in patients with Raynaud’s syndrome, Lancet 1:313–315.
Beneveniste, J., Henson, P. M., and Cochrane, C. G., 1972, Leucocyte-dependent histamine release from rabbit platelets. The role of IgE, basophils, and platelet activating factor, J. Exp. Med. 136:1356–1377.
Betz, S. J., Lotner, G. Z., and Henson, P. M., 1980, Generation and release of platelet-activating factor (PAF) from enriched preparations of rabbit basophils; failure of human basophils to release PAF, J. Immunol. 125:2749–2755.
Binder, B. R., Spragg, J., and Austen, K. F., 1979, Purification and characterization of human vascular plasminogen activator derived from blood vessel pertusates, J. Biol. Chem. 254:1998–2003.
Blomback, B., Hessel, B., Hagg, D., and Therkildsen, L., 1978, A two-step fibrinogen-fibrin transition in blood coagulation, Nature 275:501–505.
Bock, P. E., and Shore, J. P., 1983, Protein-protein interactions in contact activation of blood coagulation. Characterization of a fluorescein-labeled human high molecular weight kininogen light chain as a probe, J. Biol. Chem. 258:15079–15083.
Bock, P. E., Srinivasan, K. R., and Shore, J. D., 1981, Activation of intrinsic blood coagulation by ellagic acid:Insoluble ellagic acid metal ion complexes are the activating species, Biochemistry 20:7258–7266.
Bockisch, V. A., and Muller-Eberhard, H. J., 1970, Anaphylatoxin inactivator of human plasma:Its isolation and characterization as a carboxypeptidase, J. Clin. Invest. 49:2427–2436.
Bouma, B. N., and Griffin, J. N., 1977, Human blood coagulation factor XI. Purification, properties, and mechanism of activation by activated factor XII, J. Biol. Chem. 252:6432–6437.
Bouma, B. N., Keribiriou, D. M., Vlooswijk, R. A. A., and Griffin, J. H., 1980, Immunological studies of prekallikrein, kallikrein, and high molecular weight kininogen in normal and deficient plasmas and in normal plasma after cold-dependent activation, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 961:693–709.
Bouma, B. N., Vlooswijk, R. A. A., and Griffin, J. H., 1983, Immunological studies of human factor XI and its complex with high molecular weight kininogen, Blood 62:1123–1131.
Brinckerhoff, C. E., McMillan, R. M., Fahey, J. V., and Harris, E. D., Jr., 1979, Collagenase production by synovial fibroblasts treated with phorbol myristate acetate, Arthritis Rheum. 22:1109–1116.
Broze, G. J., Jr., and Majerus, P. N., 1980, Purification and properties of human coagulation factor VII, J. Biol. Chem. 255:1242–1247.
Budzynski, A. Z., Marder, V. J., and Schainoff, J. R., 1974, Structure of plasmic degradation products of human fibrinogen. Fibrinopeptide and polypeptide chain analysis, J. Biol. Chem. 249:2294–2302.
Busch, C., and Owen, W. G., 1982, Identification in vitro of an endothelial cell surface cofactor for antithrombin III. Parallel studies with isolated perfused rat hearts and microcarrier cultures of bovine endothelium, J. Clin. Invest. 69:726–729.
Camussi, G., Aglietta, M., Coda, R., Bussolino, F., Piacibello, W., and Tetta, C., 1981, Release of platelet activating factor (PAF) and histamine II. The cellular origin of human PAF:Monocytes, polymorphonuclear neutrophils, and basophils, Immunology 42:191–199.
Camussi, G., Aglietta, M., Malavasi, F., Tetta, C., Piacibello, W., Sanavio, F., and Bussolino, F., 1983, The release of platelet-activating factor from human endothelial cells in culture, J. Immunol. 131:2397–2403.
Chan, J. Y. C., Movat, H. Z., and Burrowes, C. E., 1979, High molecular weight kininogen:Its inability to correct the clotting of kininogen deficient plasma after cleavage of bradykinin by plasma kallikrein, plasmin, or trypsin, Thromb. Res. 14:817–824.
Chused, T. M., and Tarplay, T., 1973, Antagonism of vasoactive amines in NZBAV glomerulonephritis. Beneficial effect of methylsergide, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 144:281 - 283.
Clark, P. O., Hanahan, D. J., and Pinckard, R. N., 1980, Physical and chemical properties of platelet-activating factor obtained from human neutrophils and monocytes and rabbit neutrophils and basophils, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 628:69–75.
Cochrane, C. G., and Revak, S. D., 1980, Dissemination of contact activation in plasma by plasma kallikrein, J. Exp. Med. 152:608–619.
Cochrane, C. G., Wuepper, K. D., Aiken, B. S., Revak, S. D., and Spiegelberg, H. L., 1972, The interaction of Hageman factor and immune complexes, J. Clin. Invest. 51:2736–2745.
Cochrane, C. G., Revak, S. D., and Wuepper, K. D., 1973, Activation of Hagemen factor in solid and fluid phase, J. Exp. Med. 138:1564–1578.
Cole, E. R., and Bachmann, F. W., 1977, Purification of a plasminogen activator from pig heart, J. Biol. Chem. 252:3729–3737.
Collen, D., 1976, Identification and some properties of a new fast-reacting plasmin inhibitor in human plasma, Eur. J. Biochem. 69:209–216.
Colman, R. W., 1969, Activation of plasminogen by human plasma kallikrein, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 35:273–279.
Colman, R. W., Bagdasarian, A., Talamo, R. C., Scott, C. F., Seavey, M., Guimaraes, J. A., Pierce, J. V., and Kaplan, A. P., 1975, Williams trait:Human kininogen deficiency with diminished levels of plasminogen proactivator and prekallikrein associated with abnormalities of the Hageman factor-dependent pathways, J. Clin. Invest. 56:1650–1662.
Dahlen, S. E., Bjork, J., Hedgvist, P., Arfors, K. E., Hammarstrom, S., Lundgren, J. A., and Samuelsson, B., 1981, Leukotrienes promote plasma leakage and leukocyte adhesion in post capillary venules:In vivo effect with relevance to the acute inflammatory response, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78:3887–3891.
Damas, P. S., Hicks, M., and Rosenberg, R. D., 1973, Anticoagulant activity of heparin, Nature 246:355–357.
Demopoulos, C. A., Pinckard, R. N., and Hanahan, D. J., 1979, Platelet activating factor. Evidence for 1- 0-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine as the active component (a new class of lipid chemical mediators.), J. Biol. Chem. 25:9355–9358.
Deuel, T. F., Senior, R. M., Change, D., Griffin, G. L., Heinrickson, R. L., and Kaiser, E. T., 1981, Platelet factor 4 is chemotactic for neutrophils and monocytes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78:4584–4587.
Deuel, T. F., Senior, R. M., Huang, J. S., and Griffin, G. L., 1982, Chemotaxis of monocytes and neutrophils to platelet-derived growth factor, J. Clin. Invest. 69:1046–1049.
DiScipio, R. G., 1982, The activation of the alternative pathway C3 convertase by human plasma kallikrein, Immunology 45:587–595.
Dobson, N. J., Lambris, J. D., and Ross, G. D., 1981, Characteristics of isolated erythrocyte commplement receptor type one (CR1, C4b-C3b receptor) and CRi specific antibodies, J. Immunol. 126:693 - 698.
Donaldson, V. H., Glueck, H. I., and Fleming, T., 1972, Rheumatoid arthritis in a patient with Hageman trait, N. Engl. J. Med. 286:528–530.
Donaldson, V. H., Glueck, H. I., Miller, M. A., Movat, H. Z., and Habal, F., 1976, Kininogen deficiency in Fitzgerald trait:Role of high molecular weight kininogen in clotting and fibrinolysis, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 87:327–337.
Drazen, J. M., Austen, K. F., Lewis, R. A., Clark, D. A., Goto, G., Marfat, A., and Corey, E. J., 1980, Comparative airway and vascular reactivity of leukotrienes C-l and D in vivo and in vitro, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 77:4354–4358.
Dunn, J. T., and Kaplan, A. P., 1982, Formation and structure of human Hageman factor fragments, J. Clin. Invest. 70:627–631.
Dunn, J. T., Silverberg, M., and Kaplan, A. P., 1982, The cleavage and formation of activated Hageman factor by autodigestion and by kallikrein, J. Biol. Chem. 257:1779–1784.
Edwards, R. L., and Rickles, F. R., 1980, The role of human T cells (and T cell products) for monocyte tissue factor generation, J. Immunol. 125:606–609.
Erdos, E. C., and Sloane, E. M., 1962, An enzyme in human plasma that inactivated bradykinin and kallidins, Biochem. Pharmacol. 11:585–592.
Esmon, C. T., and Jackson, C. M., 1974, The conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. IV. The function of the fragment 2 region during activation in the presence of factor V, J. Biol. Chem. 249:7791–7797.
Esmon, C. T., and Owen, W., 1981, Identification of an endothelial cell cofactor for Thrombin-catalyzed activation of protein C, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78:2249–2252.
Esmon, C. T., Suttie, J. W., and Jackson, C. M., 1975, The functional significance of vitamin K action. Difference in phospholipid binding between normal and abnormal prothrombin, J. Biol. Chem. 250:4095–4099.
Fields, T. R., Gerardi, E. N., Ghebrehiwet, B., Bennett, R. S., Lawley, T. J., Hall, R. P., Plotz, P., Karsh, J. R., Frank, M. M., and Hamburger, M. I., 1983a, Reticuloendothelial system Fc receptor function in rheumatoid arthritis, J. Rheumatol. 10:550–557.
Fields, T. R., Ghebrehiwet, B., and Kaplan, A. P., 1983b, Kinin formation in hereditary angioedema plasma:Evidence against kinin derivation from C2 and in support of “spontaneous” formation of bradykinin, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 72:54–60.
Flower, R. J., Harvey, E. A., and Kingston, W. P., 1976, Inflammatory effects of prostaglandin D2 in rat and human skin, Br. J. Pharmacol. 56:229–233.
Forbes, C. O., Pensky, J., and Ratnoff, O. D., 1970, Inhibition of activated Hageman factor and activated plasma thromboplastin antecedent by purified C inactivator, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 76:809–815.
Frank, M. M., Schreiber, A. D., Atkinson, J. P., and Jaffe, C. J., 1977, Pathophysiology of immune hemolytic anemia, Ann. Intern. Med. 87:210–222.
Frank, M. M., Hamburger, M. I., Lawley, T. J., Kimberly, R. P., and Plotz, P. H., 1979, Defective reticuloendothelial system Fc-receptor function in systemic lupus erythematosus, N. Engl. J. Med. 300:518–523.
Fries, L. F., Mullins, W. W., Cho, K. R., Plotz, P. H., and Frank, M. M., 1984, Monocyte receptors for the Fc portion of IgG are increased in systemic lupus erythematosus, J. Immunol. 132:685–700.
Fujikawa, K., and McMuIlen, B. A., 1983, Amino acid sequence of human ß factor Xlla, J. Biol. Chem. 258:10924–10933.
Fujikawa, K., Heimark, R. L., Kurachi, K., and Davie, E. W., 1980, Activation of bovine factor XII (Hageman factor) by plasma kallikrein, Biochemistry 19:1322–1330.
Fujimoto, T., O’Hara, S., and Hawiger, J., 1982, Thrombin-induced exposure and prostacyclin inhibition of the receptor for factor VIII/Von Willebrand factor on human platelets, J. Clin. Invest. 69:1212–1222.
Gallin, J. I., and Kaplan, A. P., 1974, Mononuclear cell chemotactic activity of kallikrein and plasminogen activator and its inhibition by Cl inhibitor and a2 macroglobulin, J. Immunol. 113:1928–1934.
Gartner, T. K., Williams, D. C., Minion, F. C., and Phillips, D. R., 1978, Thrombin-induced platelet aggregation is mediated by a platelet plasma membrane-bound lectin, Science 200:1281–1283.
Ghebrehiwet, B., Silverberg, M., and Kaplan, A. P., 1981, Activation of the classical pathway of complement by Hageman factor fragment, J. Exp. Med. 153:665–676.
Ghebrehiwet, B., Randazzo, B. P., Dunn, J. T., Silverberg, M., and Kaplan, A. P., 1983, Mechanisms of activation of the classical pathway of complement by Hagemen factor fragment, J. Clin. Invest. 71:1450–1456.
Gigli, I., Mason, J. W., Colman, R. W., and Austen, K. F., 1970, Interaction of plasma kallikrein with the Cl inhibitor, J. Immunol. 104:574–581.
Ginsberg, M. H., Jaques, B., Cochrane, C. G., and Griffin, J. H., 1980, Urate crystal dependent cleavage of Hageman factor in plasma and synovial fluid, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 45:497–506.
Goetzl, E. J., and Pickett, W. C., 1981, Novel structural determinants of the human neutrophil chemotactic activity of leukotriene B, J. Exp. Med. 153:482–487.
Goetzl, E. J., Derian, C. K., Tauber, A. I., and Valone, F. H., 1980, Novel effects of l-O-hexadecyl-2-acyl- M-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine mediators in human neutrophil functions:Delineation of the specific roles of the acyl substituents, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 94:881–888.
Goldsmith, G., Saito, H., and Ratnoff, O., 1978, The activation of plasminogen by Hageman factor (factor XII) and Hageman factor fragments, J. Clin. Invest. 62:54–60.
Granelli-Piperno, P., Vassalli, J. D., and Reich, E., 1977, Secretion of plasminogen activation by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes:Modulation by glucocorticoids and other effectors, J. Exp. Med. 146:1693–1706.
Greenquist, A. C., and Colman, R. W., 1975, Bovine factor V: A calcium-containing metalloprotein, Blood 46:769–782.
Griffin, J. H., 1978, Role of surface in surface-dependent activation of Hageman factor (blood coagulation factor XII), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75:1998–2002.
Griffin, J. H., and Beretta, G., 1979, Molecular mechanisms of surface-dependent activation of Hageman factor (factor XII), Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 120:39–51.
Griffin, J. H., and Cochrane, C. G., 1976, Mechanism for the involvement of HMW-kininogen in surface- dependent reactions of Hageman factor, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73:2559–2563.
Griffith, M. J., 1982, The heparin-enhanced antithrombin III/thrombin reaction is saturable with respect to both thrombin and antithrombin III, J. Biol. Chem. 257:13899–13902.
Haakenstad, A. O., and Mannick, M., 1974, Saturation of the reticuloendothelial system with soluble immune complexes, J. Immunol. 112:1939–1948.
Habal, F. M., Movat, H. Z., and Burrowes, C. E., 1974, Isolation of two functionally different kininnogens from human plasma; separation from proteinase inhibitors and interaction with plasma kallikrein, Biochem. Pharmacol. 23:2291–2302.
Hall, R. P., Lawley, T. J., Heck, J. A., and Katz, S. I., 1980, IgA containing immune complexes in dermatitis herpetiformis, Henoch-Schonlein’s purpura systemic lupus erythematosus, and other diseases, Clin. Exp. Immunol. 40:31–37.
Halonen, M., Palmer, J. D., Lohman, I. C., McManus, L. M., and Pinckard, K. N., 1980, Respiratory and circulatory alterations induced by acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorycholine (AGEPC), a mediator of IgE anaphylaxis in the rabbit, Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 122:915–924.
Hamburger, M. I., Gorevic, P. D., Lawley, T. J., Franklin, E. C., and Frank, M. M., 1979a, Mixed cryoglobulinemia: Association of glomerulonephritis with defective reticuloendothelial system Fc receptor function, Trans. Assoc. Am. Physicians 91:104–112.
Hamburger, M. I., Moutsopoulos, H. M., Lawley, T. J., and Frank, M. M., 1979b, Sjogren’s syndrome: A defect in reticuloendothelial system Fc-receptor specific clearance, Ann. Intern. Med. 91:534–538.
Hamburger, M. I., Gerardi, E. N., Fields, T. R., and Bennett, R. S., 1981, Reticuloendothelial system Fc receptor function and plasmapheresis in systemic lupus erythematosus. A preliminary report, Artif. Organs 5:264–268.
Hamburger, M. I., Lawley, T. J., Kimberly, R. P., Plotz, P. H., and Frank, M. M., 1982, A serial study of splenic reticuloendothelial system Fc receptor functional activity in systemic lupus erythematosus, Arthritis Rheum. 25:48–54.
Hanahan, D. J., Demopoulos, C. A., Liehr, J., and Pinckard, R. N., 1980, Identification of platelet-activating factor isolated from rabbit basophils as acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine, J. Biol. Chem. 225:5514–5516.
Harpel, P. C., 1970, Human plasma alpha 2-macroglobulin. An inhibitor of plasma kallikrein, J. Exp. Med. 132:329–352.
Harpel, P. C., 1972, Studies on the interaction between collagen and a plasma kallikrein-like activity, J. Clin. Invest. 51:1813–1822.
Harpel, P. C., and Rosenberg, R. O., 1976, α2 Macroglobulin and anti-thrombin-heparin cofactor: Modulators of hemostatic and inflammatory reactions, Prog. Hemostas. Thromb. 3:145–191.
Heck, L. W., and Kaplan, A. P., 1974, Substrates of Hageman factor I. Isolation and characterization of human factor XI (PTA) and inhibition of the activated enzyme by α1 antitrypsin, J. Exp. Med. 140:1615–1630.
Heimark, R. L., Kurachi, K., Fujikawa, K., and Davie, E. N., 1980, Surface activation of blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, and kinin formation, Nature 286:456–460.
Hibbard, L. S., and Mann, K. G., 1980, The calcium binding properties of bovine factor V, J. Biol. Chem. 255:638–645.
Highsmith, R. F., and Rosenberg, R. D., 1974, The inhibition of human plasma by human anti-thrombin-heparin cofactor, J. Biol. Chem. 249:4335–4338.
Holmsen, H., 1972, The platelet:Its membrane, physiology, and biochemistry, Clin. Haematol. 1:235–266.
Hoyer, L. W., 1981, The factor VIII complex:Structure and function, Blood 58:1–11.
Hultin, M. B., 1982, Role of human factor VIII in factor X activation, J. Clin. Invest. 69:950–958.
Humphrey, D. M., McManus, L. M., Satouchi, K., Hanahan, D. J., and Pinckard, R. N., 1982, Vasoactive properties of acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine (AGEPC) and AGEPC analogues, Lab. Invest. 46:422–427.
Iida, K., Marnaghi, R., and Nussenzweig, V., 1982, Complement receptor (CRi) deficiency in erythrocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, J. Exp. Med. 155:1427–1438.
Issekutz, A. C., and Movat, H. Z., 1982, The effect of vasodilator prostaglandins on polymorphonuclear leucocyte infiltration and vascular injury, Am. J. Pathol. 107:300–309.
Izui, S., Lambert, P. H., and Miescher, P. A., 1976, In vitro demonstration of a particular affinity of glomerular basement membrane and collagen for DNA, J. Exp. Med. 144:428–443.
Jaffe, C. J., Vierling, J. M., Jones, E. A., Lawley, T. J., and Frank, M. M., 1978, Receptor specific clearance by the reticuloendothelial system in chronic liver diseases:Demonstration of defective C3b-specific clearance in primary biliary cirrhosis, J. Clin. Invest. 62:1069–1077.
Jorg, A., Henderson, W. R., Murphy, R. C., and Klebanoff, J. J., 1982, Leukotriene generation by eosinophils, J. Exp. Med. 155:390–402.
Kane, W. H., Lindhout, M. J., Jackson, C. M., and Majerus, P. W., 1980, Factor Va dependent binding of factor Xa to platelets, J. Biol. Chem. 255:1170–1174.
Kaplan, A. P., 1983, Hageman factor dependent pathways:Mechanism of initiation and bradykinin formation, Fed. Proc. 42:3123–3127.
Kaplan, A. P., and Austen, K. F. 1970, A prealbumin activator of prehallikrein, J. Immunol. 105:802–811.
Kaplan, A. P., and Austen, K. F., 1971, A prealbumin activator of prekallikrein II. Derivation of activators of prekallikrein from active Hageman factor by digestion with plasmin, J. Exp. Med. 133:696–712.
Kaplan, A. P., Kay, A. B., and Austen, K. F., 1972, A prealbumin activator of prekallikrein III. Appearance of chemotactic activity in human neutrophils by the conversion of human prekallikrein to kallikrein, J. Exp. Med. 135:81–97.
Kato, H., Han, Y. N., Iwanaga, S., Suzuki, T., and Komiya, M., 1976, Bovine plasma HMW and LMW kininogens. Structural differences between heavy and light chains derived from the kinin-free proteins, J. Biochem. 80:1299–1311.
Kay, A. B., Pepper, D. S., and Ewart, M. R., 1973, Generation of chemotactic activity for leukocytes by the action of thrombin on human fibrinogen, Nature (New Biol.) 243:56–57.
Kellermeyer, R. W., and Breckenridge, R. T., 1965, The inflammatory process in acute gouty arthritis I. Activation of Hageman factor by sodium urate crystals, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 65:307–315.
Keribiriou, D. M., and Griffin, J. H., 1979, Human high molecular weight kininogen. Studies of structure-function relationships and of proteolysis of the molecule during contact activation of plasma, J. Biol. Chem. 254:12020–12027.
Khoory, M. S., Nesheim, M. E., Bowie, E. J. W., and Mann, K. G., 1980, Circulating heparan sulfate proteoglycan anticoagulant from a patient with a plasma cell disorder, J. Clin. Invest. 653:666–674.
Kisiel, W., 1979, Human plasma protein C. Isolation, characterization, and mechanism of activation by a thrombin, J. Clin. Invest. 64:761–769.
Kitamura, N., Takagaki, Y., Furoto, S., Tanaka, T., Nawa, H., and Nakanishi, S., 1983, A single gene for bovine high molecular weight and low molecular weight kininogens, Nature 305:545–549.
Klickstein, L. B., Shapleigh, C., and Goetzl, E. J., 1980, Lipoxygenation of arachidonic acid as a source of PMN leucocyte chemotactic factors in synovial fluid and tissue in rheumatoid arthritis and spondylarthritis, J. Clin. Invest. 66:1166–1170.
Knauer, K. A., Lichtenstein, L. M., Adkinson, N. F., and Fish, J. E., 1981, Platelet activation during antigen- induced airway reactions in human asthmatics, N. Engl. J. Med. 304:1404–1406.
Knicker, W. J., 1972, Modulation of the inflammatory response in vivo:Prevention or amelioration of immune complex disease, in:Inflammation—Mechanisms and Control ( P. Ward and I. Lepow, eds.), Academic Press, New York, p. 335–367.
Knicker, W. T., and Cochrane, G. G., 1968, Localization of circulating antigen-antibody complexes in serum sickness:The role of vasoactive amines and hydrodynamic forces, J. Exp. Med. 127:119–130.
Kruithof, E. K. O., Ransijn, A., Tren-Thang, C., and Bachmann, F., 1983, Characteristics of a fast-acting inhibitor of plasminogen activator in human plasma, Thrombos. Haemostat. 50:193.
Kurachi, K., Fujikawa, K., and Davie, E. W., 1980, Mechanism of activation of bovine factor XI by factor XII and factor Xlla, Biochemistry 19:1330–1338.
Larson, A. E., and Suttie, J. W., 1978, Vitamin K-dependent carboxylase:Evidence for a hydroperoxide intermediate in the reaction, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75:5413–5416.
Lawley, T. J., Hall, R. P., Fauci, A. S., Katz, S. I., Hamburger, M. I., and Frank, M. M., 1981, Defective Fc receptor functions associated with the HLA-B8/DRW3 haplotype, N. Engl. J. Med. 304:185–192.
Leung, L. L. K., and Nachman, R. L., 1984, Complex formation of platelet thrombospondin with fibrinogen, J. Clin. Invest. 73:5–12.
Lewin, M. F., Kaplan, A. P., and Harpel, P. C., 1983, Studies of Cl Inactivator-plasma kallikrein complexes in purified systems and in plasma. Quantification by an enzyme-linked differential antibody immunosorbent assay, J. Biol. Chem. 238:6415–6421.
Lewis, R. A., Austen, K. F., Drazen, J. M., Clark, D. A., Marfat, A., and Corey, E. J., 1980, Slow reacting substances of anaphylaxis:Identification of leukotrienes C-l and D from human and rat sources, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77:3710–3714.
Lewis, R. A., Soter, N. A., Diamond, P. T., Austen, K. F., Oates, J. A., and Roberts, L. J., II, 1982, Prostaglandin D2 generation after activation of rat and human mast cells with anti IgE, J. Immunol. 129:1627–1631.
Lijnen, H. R., Hoylaerts, M., and Collen, D., 1980, Isolation and characterization of a human plasma protein with affinity for the lysine binding sites in plasminogen, J. Biol. Chem. 255:10214–10222.
Lockwood, C. M., Worlledge, S., Nicholson, A., Cotton, C., and Peters, D. K., 1979, Reversal of impaired splenic function in patients with nephritis or vasculitis (or both) by plasma exchange, N. Engl. J. Med. 300:524–530.
Londsdale-Eccles, J. D., Neurath, H., and Walsh, K. A., 1978, Probes of the mechanism of zymogen catalysis, Biochemistry 17:2805–2809.
Lorand, L., 1972, Fibrinoligase:The fibrin-stabilizing factor system of blood plasma, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 202:6–30.
Lotner, G. Z., Lynch, J. M., Betz, S. J., and Henson, P. M., 1980, Human neutrophil-derived platelet activating factor, J. Immunol. 124:676–684.
MacGlashan, D. W., Schleimer, R. P., Peters, S. P., Schulman, E. S., Adams, G. K., Sobotka, A. K., Newball, H. H., and Lichtenstein, L. M., 1983, Comparative studies of human basophils and mast cells, Fed. Proc. 42:2504–2509.
Mandle, R. J., and Kaplan, A. P., 1977, Hageman factor substrates:Human prekallikrein. Mechanism of activation by Hageman factor and participation in Hageman factor dependent fibrinolysis, J. Biol. Chem. 252:6097–6104.
Mandle, R. J., Jr., and Kaplan, A. P., 1979, Hageman-factor dependent fibrinolysis:Generation of fibrinolytic activity by the interaction of human activated factor XI and plasminogen, Blood 54:850–862.
Mandle, R. J., Colman, R. W., and Kaplan, A. P., 1976, Identification of prekallikrein and HMW-kininogen as a circulating complex in human plasma, Proc. Natl. Sci. U.S.A. 73:4179–4183.
Manniok, M., Haakenstad, A. D., and Arend, W. P., 1974, The fate and detection of circulating immune complexes, Prog. Immunol. 5:91–101.
Marcus, A. J., 1969, Platelet function, N. Engl. J. Med. 280:1213–1220, 1278–1284, 1330–1335.
Marder, V. J., Budzynski, A. Z., and James, H. L., 1982, High molecular weight derivative of human fibrinogen produced by plasma III. Their NH2-terminal amino acids and comparison with NH2-terminal disulfide knot, J. Biol. Chem. 247:4775–4781.
Margalit, R., and Schiffman, S., 1980, Factor XI adsorption to surfaces:Interaction of high molecular weight kininiogen (HMWK) and a plasma adsorption inhibitor, Blood 56:168–172.
Marler, R. A., Kleiss, A. J., and Griffin, J. H., 1982a, An alternative extrinsic pathway of human blood coagulation, Blood 60:1353–1358.
Marler, R. A., Kleiss, A. J., and Griffin, J. H., 1982b, Mechanism of action of human activated protein C, a thrombin dependent anticoagulant enzyme, Blood 59:1067–1072.
Marr, J., Barboriak, J. J., and Johnson, S. A., 1965, Relationship of appearance of adenosine diphosphate, fibrin formation, and platelet aggregation in the haemostatic plus in vivo. Nature 205:259–262.
Martin, M. F., Dowd, P., Ring, E., Cooke, E., Dieppe, P., and Kirby, J., 1981, Prostaglandin E-l infusions for vascular insufficiency in progressive systemic sclerosis, Ann. Rheum. Dis. 40:350–354.
McMillan, C. R., Saito, H., Ratnoff, O. D., and Walton, A. G., 1974, The secondary structure of human Hageman factor (factor XII) and its alteration by activating agents, J. Clin. Invest. 54:1312–1322.
Meier, H. L., Pierce, J. V., Colman, R. W., and Kaplan, A. P., 1977a, Activation and function of human Hageman factor; the role of HMW-kininogen and prekallikrein, J. Clin. Invest. 60:18–31.
Meier, H. L., Thompson, R. E., and Kaplan, A. P., 1977b, Activation of Hageman factor by factor Xla-HMW- kininogen, Thromb. Haemostas. 38:14.
Meuth, J. L., Morgan, E. L., DiScipio, R. G., and Hugli, T. E., 1983, Suppression of T lymphocyte functions by human C3 fragments I. Inhibition of human T cell proliferative responses by a kallikrein cleavage fragment of human i C3b, J. Immunol. 130:2605 - 2611.
Mikaelsson, M. E., Forsman, N., and Oswaldsson, D. M., 1983, Human factor VIII: A calcium-linked protein complex, Blood 62:1006–1015.
Miles, L. A., Burnier, J. P., Verlander, M. S., Goodman, M., Kleiss, A. J., and Griffin, J. H., 1981, Inactivation of purified human a2 antiplasmin and purified human C Inhibitor by synthetic fibrinolytic agents, Blood 57:1015–1024.
Miles, L. P., Rothschild, Z., and Griffin, J. H., 1983, Dextran sulfate-dependent fibrinolysis in whole human plasma, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 101:214–225.
Miletich, J. P., Kane, W. H., Hofmann, S. L., Stanford, N., and Majerus, P. W., 1979, Deficiency of factor Xa-factor Va binding sites on the platelets of a patient with a bleeding disorder, Blood 54:1015–1022.
Miller, G., Silverberg, M., and Kaplan, A. P., 1980, Autoactivatability of human Hageman factor (factor XII), Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 92:803–810.
Miyaka, Y., Yamada, A., Kosaka, K., Tsuda, F., Kosugi, E., and Mayami, M., 1981, Defective immune adherence (C3b) receptor on erythrocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, Lancet 2:493–497.
Mori, K., and Nagasawa, S., 1981, Studies on human high molecular weight (HMW) kininogen II. Structural change of HMW-kininogen by the action of human plasma kallikrein, J. Biochem. 89:1465–1473.
Moroi, M., and Aoki, N., 1976, Isolation and characterization of a2 plasmin inhibitor from human plasma. A novel proteinase inhibitor which inhibits activator-induced clot lysis, J. Biol. Chem. 251:5956–5965.
Morrison, D. C., and Cochrane, C. G., 1974, Direct evidence for Hageman factor (factor XII) activation by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (endotoxins), J. Exp. Med. 140:797–811.
Moser, D. F., 1976, Action of fibrin-stabilizing factor on cold-insoluble globulin and a2-macroglobulin in clotting plasma, J. Biol. Chem. 251:1639–1645.
Mosesson, M. W., and Umfleet, R., 1980, The cold insoluble globulin of human plasma I. Purification, primary characterization, and relationship to fibrinogen and other cold insoluble fraction components, J. Biol. Chem. 245:5726–5736.
Mosher, D. F., and Fucht, L. J., 1981, Fibronectin:Review of its structure and possible functions, J. Invest. Dermatol. 77:175–180.
Mullertz, S., and Clemmensen, I., 1976, The primary inhibitor of plasmin in human plasma, Biochem. J., 159:545–553.
Munns, T. W., Johnston, M. F. M., Liszewski, M. K., and Olson, R. E., 1976, Vitamin K-dependent synthesis and modification of precursor prothrombin in cultured H-35 hepatoma cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76:2803–2807.
Murphy, R. C., Hammarstrom, S., and Samuelsson, B., 1979, Leucotriene C: A slow reacting substance from murine mastocytoma cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76:4275–4279.
Nachman, R. L., Weksler, B., and Ferris, B., 1970, Increased vascular permeability produced by human platelet granule cationic extract, J. Clin. Invest. 49:274–281.
Nagase, H., Jackson, R. C., Brickerhoff, C. E., Vater, C. A., and Harris, E. D., Jr., 1981, A precursor form of latent collagenase produced in a cell-free system with RNA from rabbit synovial cells, J. Biol. Chem. 256:11951–11954.
Nesheim, M. E., 1983, A simple rate law that describes the kinetics of the heparin-catalyzed reaction between antithrombin III and heparin, J. Biol. Chem. 258:14708–14717.
Niemetz, J., 1972, Coagulant activity of leukocytes. Tissue factor activity, J. Clin. Invest. 51:307–313.
Nishimura, K., Alhene-Gelas, F., White, A., and Erdos, E.G., 1980, Activation of membrane-bound kallikrein and renin in the kidney, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77:4975–978.
Norris, D. A., Clark, R. A. F., Swigart, L. M., Huff, J. C., Weston, W. L., and Howell, S. E., 1982, Fibronectin fragment(s) are chemotactic for human peripheral blood monocytes, J. Immunol. 129:1612–1618.
Olson, S. T., and Shore, J. D., 1982, Demonstration of a two step reaction mechanism for inhibition of a thrombin by antithrombin in and identification of the step affected by heparin, J. Biol. Chem. 257:14891–14895.
Orning, L., Widegran, D., Hammarstrom, S., and Samuelsson, B., 1980, Leucotriene D, a slow reacting substance from rat basophilic leukemia cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77:2014–2017.
Orstavik, J. B., Brandtzaeg, P., Nustad, K., and Pierce, J. V., 1980, Immunohistochemical localization of kallikrein in human pancreas and salivary glands, J. Histochem. Cytochem. 28:557–562.
Osterud, B., and Rapaport, I., 1977, Activation of factor IX by the reaction product of tissue factor and factor VII: Additional pathway for initiating blood coagulation, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74:5260–5264.
Pareis, T. M., Kimberly, R. P., Inman, R. D., McDougal, S., Gibotsky, A., and Christian, C. L., 1982, Defective Fc receptor-mediated function of the mononuclear phagocyte system in lupus nephritis, Ann. Intern. Med. 98:526–532.
Parker, C. W., Jakschik, B. A., Huber, M. G., and Falkenhein, S. F., 1979, Characterization of slow recting substance as a family of thiolipids derived from arachidonic acid, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 89:1186–1192.
Peters, S. P., MacGlashan, D. W., Jr., Schulman, E. S., Schleimer, R. P., Hayes, E. C., Rokach, J., AdkinsOn, N. F., Jr., and Lichtenstein, L. M., 1984, Arachidonic acid metabolism in purified human lung mast cells, J. Immunol. 132:1972 - 1979.
Pinckard, R. N., Knicker, W. T., Lee, L., Hanahan, D. J., and McManus, L. M., 1980, Vasoactive effects of l-0-alkyl-2-acetyl-M-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine (AGEPC) in human skin, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 65:196.
Pisano, J. J., Bronzert, T. J., and Peyton, M. P., 1972, Cy-Glutamyl) lysine cross-links:Determination in fibrin from normals and factor XHI-deficient individuals, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 202:98 - 113.
Pletcher, C. H., and Nelsestuen, G. L., 1983, Two substrate reaction model for the heparin-catalyzed bovine antithrombin/protease reaction, J. Biol. Chem. 258:1086–1091.
Plummer, T. H., Jr., and Horwitz, M. Y., 1978, Human plasma carboxypeptidase N. Isolation and characterization, J. Biol. Chem. 253:3907–3912.
Postlethwaite, A. E., and Kang, A. H., 1976, Collagen and collagen peptide induced chemotaxis of human blood monocytes, J. Exp. Med. 143:1299–1307.
Rankin, J. A., Hitchocck, M., Merrill, W. W., Huang, S. S., Brashler, J. R., Bach, M. K., and Askenase, P. W., 1984, IgE immune complexes induce immediate and prolonged release of leukotriene C4 (LTC4) from rat alveolar macrophages, J. Immunol. 132:1993–1999.
Ratnoff, O. D., and Cram, J. D., 1964, Activation of Hageman factor by solutions of ellagic acid, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 63:359–377.
Ratnoff, O. D., and Saito, H., 1979, Amidolytic properties of single-chain activated Hageman factor, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76:1461–1463.
Ratnoff, O. D., Davie, E. W., and Mallet, D. L., 1961, Studies on the action of Hageman factor. Evidence that activated Hageman factor in turn activates plasma thromboplastin antecedent, J. Clin. Invest. 40:803–819.
Revak, S. D., and Cochrane, C. G., 1976, The relationship of structure and function in human Hageman factor. The association of enzymatic and binding activities with separate regions of the molecule, J. Clin. Invest. 57:852–860.
Revak, S. D., Cochrane, C. G., and Griffin, J. H., 1977, The binding and cleavage characteristics of human Hageman factor during contact activation, J. Clin. Invest. 59:1167–1175.
Richardson, P. L., Pepper, D. S., and Kay, A. B., 1976, Chemotaxis for human monocytes by fibrinogen- derived peptides, Br. J. Haematol. 32:507–513.
Ridge, S. C., Oronsky, A. L., and Kerwar, S. S., 1980, Induction of the synthesis of latent collagenase and latent neutral protease in chondrocytes by a factor synthesized by activated macrophages, Arthritis Rheum. 23:448–454.
Rijken, D. C., Wijngaards, G., Zaal-de Jong, M., and Wolbergen, J., 1979, Purification and partial characterization of plasminogen activator from human uterus tissue, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 580:140–153.
Robbins, K. C., Summaria, L., Hseih, B., and Shah, R., 1967, The peptide chains of human plasmin. Mechanism of activation of human plasminogen to plasmin, J. Biol. Chem. 242:2333–2342.
Roberts, L. J. II, Sweetman, B. J., Lewis, R. A., Austen, K. F., and Oates, J. A., 1980, Increased production of prostaglandin D2 in patients with systemic mastocytosis, N. Engl. J. Med. 303:1400–1404.
Rouzer, C. A., Scott, W. A., Hamill, A. L., and Cohn, Z. A., 1980, Dynamics of leukotriene C production by macrophages, J. Exp. Med. 152:1236–1247.
Saito, H., 1980, The participation of plasma thromboplastin antecedent (factor XI) in contact-activated fibrinolysis, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 164:153–157.
Saito, H., Ratnoff, O. D., and Donaldson, V. H., 1974, Defective activation of clotting, fibrinolytic, and permeability enhancing systems in human Fletcher trait plasma, Circ. Res. 34:641–651.
Salem, H. H., Esmon, N. L., Esmon, C. T., and Majerus, P. W., 1984, Effects of thrombomodalin and coagulation factor Va light chain on protein C activation in vitro, J. Clin. Invest. 73:968–972.
Sanchez-Crespo, M., Alonso, F., and Egido, J., 1980, Platelet-activating factor in anaphylaxis and phagocytosis. I. Release from human peripheral polymorphonuclear and monocytes during the stimulation by ionophore A23187 and phagocytosis but not from degranulating basophils, Immunology 40:645–655.
Schapira, M., Despland, E., Scott, C. H., Boxer, L., and Colman, R. W., 1982a, Purified human plasma kallikrein aggregates human blood neutrophils, J. Clin. Invest. 69:1199–1202.
Schapira, M., Scott, C. F., and Colman, R. W., 1982b, Contribution of plasma protease inhibitors to the inactivation of kallikrein in plasma, J. Clin. Invest. 69:462–468.
Schapira, M., Scott, C. F., James, A., Silver, L. D., Kueppers, F., James, H. L., and Colman, R. W., 1982c, High molecular weight kininogen or its light chain protects human plasma kallikrein from inactivation by plasma protease inhibitors, Biochemistry 3:567–572.
Schiffman, S., Mannhalter, C., and Tynerk, D., 1980, Human high molecular weight kininogen. Effects of cleavage by kallikrein on protein structural and procoagulant activity, J. Biol. Chem. 255:6433–6438.
Schreiber, A. D., and Frank, M. M., 1972, The role of antibody and complement in the clearance and destruction of erythrocytes. I. In vivo effects of IgG and IgM complement fixing sites, J. Clin. Invest. 51:575–582.
Schreiber, A. D., Kaplan, A. P., and Austen, K. F., 1973, Inhibition by Cl INH of Hageman factor fragment activation of coagulation, fibrinolysis, and kiningeneration, J. Clin. Invest. 52:1402–1409.
Schullek, J., Jordan, J., and Montgomery, R. R., 1984, Interaction of Von Willebrand factor with human platelets in the plasma milieu, J. Clin. Invest. 73:421–428.
Scicli, A. G., Mindroiu, T., Scicli, G., and Carretero, O. A., 1982, Blood kinins, their concentration in normal subjects and in patients with congenital deficiency in plasma prekallikrein and kininogen, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 100:81–93.
Scott, C. F., and Colman, R. W., 1980, Function and immunochemistry of prekallikreinhigh molecular weight kininogen complex in plasma, J. Clin. Invest. 656:413–421.
Scott, C. F., Schapira, M., James, H. L., Cohen, A. B., and Colman, R. W., 1982, Inactivation of factor XIa by plasma protease inhibitors. Predominant role of α1 protease inhibitor and protective effect of high molecular weight kininogen, J. Clin. Invest. 69:844–852.
Scott, C. F., Silver, L. D., Purdon, A. D., and Colman, R. W., 1984a, Plasma Factor XIa regulates contact- activated coagulation, Fed. Proc. 43:775.
Scott, C. F., Silver, L. D., Schapira, M., and Colman, R. W., 1984b, Cleavage of human high molecular weight kininogen markedly enhances its coagulant activity. Evidence that this molecule exists as a pro- cofactor, J. Clin. Invest. 73:954–962.
Sealey, J. E., Atlas, S. P., Laragh, J. H., Silverberg, M., and Kaplan, A. P., 1979, Initiation of plasma prorenin activation by Hageman factor dependent conversion of plasma prekallikrein to kallikrein, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76:5914–5918.
Senior, R. M., Griffin, G. L., and Mecham, R. P., 1980, Chemotactic activity of elastin derived peptides, J. Clin. Invest. 66:859–862.
Sharma, J. N., Zeitlin, I. J., Deodhar, S. D., and Buchanan, W. W., 1983, Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. 262:279–286.
Shaw, J. O., Pinckard, R. N., Ferrigni, K. S., McManus, L. M., and Hanahan, D. J., 1981, Activation of human neutrophils with 1 -O-hexadecyl/octadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine, the active moiety of platelet-activating factor, J. Immunol. 127:1250–1255.
Sheikh, I., and Kaplan, A. P., 1984, Assessment of kallidin, bradykinin, and bradykinin degradation products by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), Fed. Proc. 44:1242 (abstract).
Silverberg, M., and Kaplan, A. P., 1982b, Enzymatic activities of activated and zymogen form of human Hageman factor (factor XII) Blood 60:64–70.
Silverberg, M., Dunn, J. T., Garen, L., and Kaplan, A. P., 1980, Autoactivation of human Hageman factor. Demonstration utilizing a synthetic substrate, J. Biol. Chem. 255:7281–7286.
Silverberg, M., Nicoll, J. E., and Kaplan, A. P., 1980, The mechanism by which the light chain of cleaved HMW-kininogen augments the activation of prekallikrein, factor XI, and Hageman factor, Thromb. Res. 70:173–189.
Soter, N. A., Lewis, R. A., Corey, E. J., and Austen, K. F., 1983, Local effects of synthetic leucotrienes (LT C4, LT D4, LT E4, and LT B4) in human skin, J. Invest. Dermatol. 80:115–119.
Spragg, J., 1983, Characterization of purified human latent kallikrein, Kinins III, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 156:393–398.
Stead, N. W., Kaplan, A. P., and Rosenberg, R. D., 1976, The inhibition of human activated Hageman factor (HF) by human antithrombin-heparin cofactor (AT), J. Biol. Chem. 251:6481–6488.
Steinman, C. R., 1984, Circulating DNA in systemic lupus erythematosus. Isolation and characterization, J. Clin. Invest. 73:832–841.
Stenflo, J., 1976, A new vitamin K-dependent protein. Purification from bovine plasma and preliminary characterization, J. Biol. Chem. 251:355–363.
Stenflo, J., Fernlund, P., Egan, W., and Roepstorff, P., 1974, Vitamin K dependent modifications of glutamic acid residues in prothrombin, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71:2730–2733.
Sueishi, K., Nanno, S., and Tanaka, K., 1981, Permeability enhancing and chemotactic activities of lower molecular weight degradation products of human fibrinogen, Thromb. Haemostas. 45:90–94.
Summaria, L., Hsieh, B., Groskopf, W. R., and Robbins, K. C., 1967, The isolation and characterization of the S-carboxymethyl (3 (light) chain derivative of human plasmin. The localization of the active site on the p (light) chain, J. Biol Chem. 242:5046–5052.
Summaria, L., Arzadon, L., Bernabe, P., and Robbins, K. C., 1975, The activation of plasminogen by urokinase in the presence of the plasmin inhibitor trasylol. The preparation of plasmin with the same NH2-terminal heavy (A) chain sequence as the parent zymogen, J. Biol. Chem. 250:3486–3995.
Takagi, T., and Doolittle, R. F., 1974, Amino acid sequence studies on factor XIII and the peptide released during its activation by thrombin, Biochemistry 13:750–756.
Talamo, R. C., Haber, E., and Austen, K. F., 1969, A radioimmunoassay for bradykinin in plasma and synovial fluid, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 74:816–827.
Tankersley, D. L., and Finlayson, J., 1984, Kinetics of activation and autoactivation of human factor XII, Biochemistry 23:273–279.
Tans, G., Rosny, J., and Griffin, J. H., 1983, Sulfatide-dependent autoactivation of human blood factor XII, (Hageman factor), J. Biol. Chem. 258:8215–8222.
Thompson, R. E., Mandle, R., Jr., and Kaplan, A. P., 1977, Association of factor XI and high molecular weight kininogen in human plasma, J. Clin. Invest. 60:1376–1380.
Thompson, R. E., Mandle, R., Jr., and Kaplan, A. P., 1978, Characterization of human HMW-kininogen. Procoagulant activity associated with the light chain of kinin-free HMW kininogen, J. Exp. Med. 147:488–499.
Thompson, R. E., Mandle, R., Jr., and Kaplan, A. P., 1979, Studies of the binding of prekallikrein and factor XI to high molecular weight kininogen and its light chain, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76:4862–4866.
Thorsen, S., Glas-Greenwalt, P., and Astrup, T., 1972, Difference in the binding to fibrin of urokinase and tissue plasminogen activator, Throm. Pathol Haemorrh. 28:65–74.
Tollefson, D. M., Pestka, C. A., and Monafo, W. J., 1983, Activation of heparin cofactor II by dermatan sulfate, J. Biol Chem. 258:6713–6716.
Ueno, A., Tanaka, K., Katori, M., Hayashi, M., and Arai, Y., 1981, Species differences in increased vascular permeability by synthetic leukotrienes C4 and D4, Prostaglandins 21:637–648.
Van der Graaf, F., Koedam, J. A., and Bouma, B. N., 1983a, Inactivation of kallikrein in human plasma, J. Clin. Invest. 71:149–158.
Van der Graaf, F., Koedam, J. A., Griffin, J. H., and Bouma, B. N., 1983b, Interaction of human plasma kallikrein and its light chain with CI– inhibitor, Biochemistry 22:4860–4866.
Vassalli, J. D., Hamilton, J., and Reich, E., 1976, Macrophage plasminogen activator modalation of enzyme production by anti-inflammatory steroids, mitotic inhibitors, and cyclic nucleotides, Cell 8:271–281.
Vater, C. A., Nagase, H., and Harris, E. D., Jr., 1983, Purification of an endogenous activator of procollagenase from rabbit synovial fibroblast culture medium, J. Biol. Chem. 258:9374–9382.
Verheyen, J. H., Chang, G. I. C., and Mullaart, E., 1983, Inhibition of extrinsic (tissue-type) plasminogen activator by human plasma:Evidence for the occurrence a fast-acting plasminogen activator inhibitor, Thromb. Haemostas. 50:294.
Wachtfogel, Y. T., Kuchich, U., James, U. L., Scott, C. H., Schapira, M., Zimmerman, M., Cohen, A. B., and Colman, R. W., 1983, Human plasma kallikrein releases neutrophil elastase during blood coagulation, J. Clin. Invest. 72:1172–1677.
Webster, M. E., and Pierce, J. V., 1963, The nature of kallidins released from human plasma by kallikreins and other enzymes, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 104:91–105.
Weinstein, M. J., and Chute, L. E., 1984, Two distinct forms of factor VIII coagulant protein in human plasma. Cleavage by thrombin and differences in coagulant activity and association with von Willebrand factor, J. Clin. Invest. 73:307–316.
Weiss, A. S., Gallin, J. I., and Kaplan, A. P., 1971, Fletcher factor deficiency. Abnormalities of coagulation, fibrinolysis, chemotactic activity, and kinin generation attributable to absence of prekallikrein, J. Clin. Invest. 53:622–633.
Weiss, H. J., 1975, Platelet physiology and abnormalities of platelet function, N. Engl. J. Med. 293:531–544.
Weller, P. F., Lee, C. W., Foster, D. W., Corey, E. J., Austen, K. F., and Lewis, R. A., 1983, Generation and metabolism of 5 lipoxygenase pathway leucotrienes by human eosinophils predominant production of leucotriene C4, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80:7626–7630.
Werb, Z., Mainardi, C. L., Voter, C. A., and Harris, E. D., Jr., 1977, Endogenous activation of latent collagenase by rheumatoid synovial cells, N. Engl. J. Med. 296:1017–1023.
Wiggins, R. C., and Cochrane, C. G., 1979, The autoactivation of rabbit Hageman factor, J. Exp. Med. 150:1122–1133.
Wiggins, R. C., Bouma, B. N., Cochrane, C. G., and Griffin, J. H., 1977, Role of high molecular weight kininogen in surface-binding and activation of coagulation factor XI and prekallikrein, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74:4636–4640.
Williams, T. J., 1972, Prostaglandins E2, prostaglandin I2 and the vascular changes of inflammation, Br. J. Pharmacol. 65:517–524.
Williams, T. J., and Peck, M. J., 1977, Role of prostaglandin-mediated vasodilatation in inflammation, Nature 270:530–532.
Wilner, G. D., Nossel, H. L., and LeRoy, E. C., 1968, Activation of Hageman factor by collagen, J. Clin. Invest. 47:2608–2615.
Wilson, J. G., Wong, W. W., Schur, P. H., and Fearon, D. T., 1982, Mode of inheritance of decreased C3b receptors on erythrocytes of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, N. Engl. J. Med. 307:981–986.
Wiman, B., 1973, Primary structure of peptides released during activation of human plasminogen by urokinase, Eur. J. Biochem. 39:1–9.
Wuepper, K. D., 1973, Prekallikrein deficiency in man, J. Exp. Med. 138:1345–1355.
Wuepper, K. D., Miller, D. R., and LaCombe, M. J., 1975, Flaujeac trait. Deficiency of human plasma kininogen, J. Clin. Invest. 56:1663–1672.
Yecies, L. D., Wedner, H. J., and Parker, C. W., 1979, Slow reacting substance (SRS) from ionophore A23187-stimulated human leukemia basophils. I. Evidence for a precursor role of arachidonic acid and initial characterization, J. Immunol. 123:2814–2816.
Zur, M., and Nemerson, Y., 1979, The esterase activity of coagulation factor VII. Evidence for intrinsic activity of the zymogen, J. Biol. Chem. 253:2203–2209.
Zuraw, B. L., O’Hair, C. H., Vaughan, J. H., Mathison, D. A., Curd, J. G., and Katz, D. H., 1981, Immunoglobulin E-rheumatoid factor in the serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, and other diseases, J. Clin. Invest. 68:1610–1613.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1985 Plenum Publishing Corporation
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kaplan, A.P. (1985). Immune Complexes, Vasoactive Mediators, and Fibrinoid Necrosis in Connective Tissue Diseases. In: Gupta, S., Talal, N. (eds) Immunology of Rheumatic Diseases. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2493-5_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2493-5_22
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9509-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-2493-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive