Abstract
Since the first delineation of T-and B-lymphocyte systems almost two decades ago, rapid progress has been made in identifying and understanding the functions of various subsets of cells of T- and B-cell lineages. The heterogeneity of T-cell subsets in humans was first defined by the presence of distinct receptors for immunoglobulin isotypes and more recently by the presence of differentiation antigens as defined by monoclonal antibodies. This has led to a better understanding of the complex immune network at both the cellular and molecular levels (Fig. 1). In the past 5 years, studies of immunoglobulin gene rearrangement have provided new insight into differentiation and maturation pathways of B-cell lineage and understanding of their perturbations in disease states, including autoimmune disorders. Therefore, before discussing the lymphocyte responses in rheumatic disease, it would be appropriate to discuss the lymphocytes in general with regard to their surface phenotypes, functions, and activation and proliferation, differentiation, and maturation pathways of T- and B-cell lineage. This brief review highlights the vast heterogeneity of lymphocyte subsets and interactions among themselves and a number of biologically active molecules (cytokines) produced by them and cells of monocyte-macrophage lineage.
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Gupta, S. (1985). Lymphocyte Subpopulations. In: Gupta, S., Talal, N. (eds) Immunology of Rheumatic Diseases. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2493-5_2
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