Abstract
The main components of the advanced atherosclerotic plaque are the necrotic cholesteryl ester-rich core from which the disease process gets part of its name (the Greek stem “athero” means gruel or porridge) and the fibrous (sclerotic) cap which contains predominantly smooth muscle cells which often become encased in their own synthesis products of collagen, elastin and proteoglycans. Typically, many of these cells and their surrounding intercellular matrix are associated with abundant lipids which are demonstrable both chemically and morphologically. Most of the signs and symptoms and most of the life- threatening effects of atherosclerosis are due to these major components. They result in its being the leading cause of death and morbidity in the urban-industrial countries of the world, especially in Europe and North America.
Keywords
- Smooth Muscle Cell
- Cholesteryl Ester
- Lower Density Lipoprotein
- Familial Hypercholesterolemia
- Familial Hypercholesterolemia
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
R. W. Wissler, Development of the atherosclerotic plaque, in: Myocardium: Failure and Infarction, E. Braunwald, ed., p. 155, H. P. Publishing Co., New York (1974).
R. W. Wissler, The emerging cellular pathobiology of atherosclerosis, Artery 5: 409 (1979).
R. Ross, Atherosclerosis: A problem of the biology of arterial wall cells and their interactions with blood components, Arteriosclerosis 1: 293 (1981).
D. Steinberg, Lipoproteins and atherosclerosis: A look back and a look ahead, Arteriosclerosis 3: 283 (1983).
R. W. Wissler and D. Vesselinovitch, The pathobiology of the artherosclerotic plaque in the mid-1980s, in: “Regression of atherosclerotic lesions: Experimental studies and observations in humans,” R. Malinow and V. Blaton, eds., Plenum Press, New York (1984).
R. Ross and J. A. Glomset, The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, New Eng. J. Med. 295: 369, 420 (1976).
R. W. Wissler, Conference on the Health Effects of Blood Lipids: Optimal Distributions for Populations, Workshop Report: Laboratory-Experimental Section, Prev. Med. 8: 175 (1979).
V. C. Y. Kao, R. W. Wissler, and K. Fischer-Dzoga, The influence of hyperlipemic serum on the growth of medial smooth muscle cells of rhesus monkey aorta in vitro, Circulation 38 (Suppl. VI): 12 (1968).
K. Fischer-Dzoga and R. W. Wissler, Stimulation of proliferation in stationary primary cultures of monkey aortic smooth muscle cells, II. Effect of varying concentrations of hyperlipemic serum and low-density lipoproteins of varying dietary fat origins, Atherosclerosis 24: 515 (1976).
R. W. Wissler, Interactions of low-density lipoproteins from hypercholesterolemic serum with arterial wall cells and their extracellular products in atherogenesis and regression, in: “The Biochemistry of Atherosclerosis,” A. Scanu, R. W. Wissler, and G. S. Getz, eds., p. 345, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York (1979).
Y. Yoshida, K. Fischer-Dzoga, and R. W. Wissler, Effects of normolipidemic high-density lipoproteins on proliferation of monkey aortic smooth muscle cells induced by hyperlipidemic low-density lipoproteins, Exp. Mol. Pathol., (In Press, 1984).
N. E. Miller, Prevention of coronary heart disease: The role of high-density lipoproteins, Postgrad. Med. J. 56: 575 (1980).
S. R. Bates, Accumulation and loss of cholesterol esters in monkey arterial smooth muscle cells exposed to normal and hyperlipemic serum lipoproteins, Atherosclerosis 32: 165 (1979).
S. R. Bates, Effect of HDL on the interaction of hyperlipemic LDL with smooth muscle cells, Artery 7: 303 (1980).
R. W. Wissler, K. Fischer-Dzoga, S. R. Bates, and R. M. Chen, Arterial smooth muscle cells in tissue culture, in: “Structure and Function of the Circulation,” Vol. III, C. J. Schwartz, N. T. Werthessen, and S. Wolf, eds., p. 427, Plenum Press, New York (1981).
R. W. Wissler, Atherosclerosis-its pathogenesis in perspective, in: “Comparative Pathology of the Heart (Adv. Cardiol.),” Vol. 13, F. Horaberger, ed., p. 10, S. Karger, Basel (1974).
R. M. Chen, G. S. Getz, K. Fischer-Dzoga, and R. W. Wissler, The role of hyperlipidemic serum on the proliferation and necrosis of aortic medial cells in vitro, Exp. Mol. Pathol. 26: 359 (1977).
W.A. Thomas, J. M. Reiner, R. A. Florentin, K. Janakidevi, and K. J. Lee, Arterial smooth muscle cells in atherogenesis: Births, deaths and clonal phenomena, in: Atherosclerosis IV, G. Schettler, Y. Goto, Y. Hata, and G. Klose, eds., p. 16, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1977).
R. W. Wissler, Principles of pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, in: Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, second edition, E. Braunwald, ed., p. 1185, W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia (1984).
W. C. Roberts, The status of the coronary arteries in fatal ischemic heart disease, Cardiovasc. Clin. 7: 1 (1975).
D. B. Zilversmit, Atherogenesis: A postprandial phenomenon, Circulation Res. 33: 633 (1973).
R. W. Mahley, Atherogenic hyperlipoproteinemia, The cellular and molecular biology of plasma lipoproteins altered by dietary fat and cholesterol, Med. Clin. N. Am. 66: 375 (1982).
R. W. Mahley, H. Weisgraber, and T. Innerarity, Canine lipoproteins and atherosclerosis: II. Characterization of the plasma lipoproteins associated with atherogenic and non- atherogenic hyperlipidemia, Circ. Res. 35: 722 (1974).
G. M. Fless, R. W. Wissler, and A. M. Scanu, Study of abnormal plasma low-density lipoproteins in rhesus monkeys with diet- induced hyperlipidemia, Biochemistry 15: 5799 (1976).
L. L. Rudel, L. L. Pitts, II, and C. A. Nelson, Characterization of plasma low-density lipoproteins of nonhuman primates fed dietary cholesterol, J. Lipid Res. 18: 211 (1977).
K. V. Krishnaiah, L. F. Walker, J. Borensztajn, G. Schonfeld, and G. S. Getz, Apolipoprotein B variant derived from the rat intestine, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 17: 3806 (1980).
G. M. Fless, T. Kirchhausen, K. Fischer-Dzoga, R. W. Wissler, and A. M. Scanu, Relationship between the properties of the apo B containing low-density lipoproteins (LDL) of normolipidemic rhesus monkeys and their mitogenic action on arterial smooth muscle cells grown in vitro, in: “Atherosclerosis V,” A. M. Gotto, Jr., L. C. Smith, and B. Allen, eds., p. 607, Springer-Verlag, New York (1980).
G. M. Fless, T. Kirchhausen, K. Fischer-Dzoga, R. W. Wissler, and A. M. Scanu, Serum low-density lipoproteins with mitogenic effect on cultured aortic smooth muscle cells, Atherosclerosis 41: 171 (1982).
G. Assmann, Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Schauttauer Verlag, Stuttgart (1982).
E. P. Benditt, Implications of the monoclonal character of human atherosclerotic plaques, Am. J. Pathol. 86: 693 (1977).
J. Chamley-Campbell, G. R. Campbell, and R. Ross, The smooth muscle cell in culture, Physiol. Rev. 59: 1 (1979).
C. Gajdusek, P. Di Corleto, R. Ross, and S. M. Schwartz, An endothelial cell-derived growth factor, J. Cell. Biol. 85: 467 (1980).
S. J. Leibovich and R. Ross, A macrophage-dependent factor that stimulates the proliferation of fibroblasts in vitro, Am. J. Pathol. 84: 501 (1976).
E. P. Benditt and J. M. Benditt, Evidence for a monoclonal origin of human atherosclerotic plaques, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 70: 1753 (1973).
G. R. Campbell and J. H. Chamley-Campbell, The cellular patho-biology of atherosclerosis, Pathology 13: 423 (1981).
J. L. Goldstein and M. S. Brown, The low-density lipoprotein pathway and its relation to atherosclerosis, Ann. Rev. Biochem. 46: 897 (1977).
C. DeDuve, The participation of lysosomes in the transformation of smooth muscle cells to foamy cells in the aorta of cholesterol-fed rabbits, Acta Cardiol. Suppl. 20: 9 (1974).
J. L. Goldstein, Y. K. Ho, S. K. Basu, and M. S. Brown, A binding site on macrophages that mediates the uptake and degradation of acetylated low-density lipoprotein producing massive cholesterol deposition, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 76: 333 (1979).
R. W. Wissler and D. Vesselinovitch, Atherosclerosis—relationship to coronary blood flow, Am. J. Cardiol. 52: 2A (1983).
R. W. Wissler and D. Vesselinovitch, Experimental models of human atherosclerosis, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 149: 907 (1968).
T. Schaffner, V. M. Elner, M. Bauer, and R. W. Wissler, Acid lipase: A histochemical and biochemical study using triton X100-naphthyl palmitate micelles, J. Histochem. Cytochem. 26: 969 (1978).
T. Schaffner, K. Taylor, E. J. Bartucci, K. Fischer-Dzoga, J. H. Beeson, S. Glagov, and R. W. Wissler, Arterial foam cells exhibit distinctive immunomorphologie and histochemical features of macrophages, Am. J. Pathol. 100: 57 (1980).
D. Vesselinovitch and R. W. Wissler, Correlation of types of induced lesions with regression of coronary atherosclerosis in two species of macaques, in: “Lipoproteins and Coronary Atherosclerosis,” G. Noseda, C. Fragiacomo, R. Fumagalli, and R. Paoletti, eds., p. 401, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1982).
D. Vesselinovitch and R. W. Wissler, Quantitation of certain qualitative differences in the atherosclerotic process, in: “Atherosclerosis VI,” G. Schettler, A. M. Gotto, G. Middelhoff, A. S. Habenicht, and K. R. Jurutka, eds., p. 174, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1983).
H. R. Davis, D. Vesselinovitch, and R. W. Wissler, Reticuloendothelial system response to hyperlipidemia in rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys, J. Leuk. Biol. (In Press, 1984).
R. W. Wissler and D. Vesselinovitch, New concepts of factors involved in the natural history and regression of atherosclerosis, Periodica Angiologica 5: 178 (1983).
A. R. Rich and J. E. Gregory, The experimental demonstration that periarteritis nodosa is a manifestation of hypersen-sitivity, Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 72: 65 (1943).
H. C. Hopps and R. W. Wissler, The experimental production of generalized arteritis and periarteritis (periarteritis nodosa), J. Lab. Clin. Med. 31: 939 (1946).
C. R. Minick, G. E. Murphy, and W. C. Cambell, Experimental induction of therosclerosis by the synergy of allergic injury to arteries and lipid-rich diet, I. Effect of repeated injection of horse serum in rabbits fed dietary cholesterol supplement, J. Exp. Med. 124: 635 (1966).
C. R. Minick and G. E. Murphy, Experimental induction of atherosclerosis by the synergy of allergic injury to arteries and lipid-rich diet, II. Effect of repeatedly injected foreign protein in rabbits fed a lipid-rich, cholesterol-poor diet, Am. J. Pathol. 73: 265 (1975).
L. M. Buja, L. D. Hillis, C. S. Petty, and J. T. Willerson, The role of coronary arterial spasm in ischemic heart disease, Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 105: 221 (1981).
M. L. Armstrong and M. G. Megan, Responses of two macaque species to atherogenic diet and its withdrawal, in: “Atherosclerosis III,” G. Schettler and A. Weizel, eds., p. 336, Springer- Verlags, Berlin (1974).
W. Hollander, B. Kirkpatrick, B. Paddock, J. Colombo, M. Nagraj, and S. Prusty, Studies on the progression and regression of coronary and peripheral atherosclerosis in the cynomolgus monkey, Exp. Mol. Pathol. 30: 55 (1979).
D. Vesselinovitch, G. S. Getz, R. H. Hughes, and R. W. Wissler, Atherosclerosis 20: 303 (1974).
D. Vesselinovitch, R. W. Wissler, T. J. Schaffner, and J. Borensztajn, The effects of various diets on atherogenesis in rhesus monkeys, Atherosclerosis 35: 189 (1980).
D. Kritchevsky, S. A. Tepper, D. Vesselinovitch, and R. W. Wissler, Cholesterol vehicle in experimental atherosclerosis, Part 13, Randomized peanut oil, Atherosclerosis 17: 225 (1973).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1985 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wissler, R.W. (1985). The Cellular Pathobiology of Atherosclerosis In 1983. In: Kritchevsky, D., Holmes, W.L., Paoletti, R. (eds) Drugs Affecting Lipid Metabolism VIII. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2459-1_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2459-1_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9493-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-2459-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive