Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Genetic Toxicology of 14 Agents Causally Associated with Cancer in Humans

  • Chapter
Mutation, Cancer, and Malformation

Part of the book series: Environmental Science Research ((ESRH,volume 31))

Summary

The purpose of this report is to summarize the currently available qualitative and quantitative information, obtained from genetic bioassay systems, for 14 agents or groups of agents that have been classified as human carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. These compounds are of particular interest in relating evidence of carcinogenic effects in man and in experimental animals to qualitative and quantitative data obtained from short-term genetic bioassays. The results of this study may be used to aid in the selection of appropriate bioassays for suspected human mutagens or carcinogens and as a comparative reference for the evaluation of other agents with potential genetic activity in man. The data base for the 14 known carcinogens consists of test responses for approximately 100 test systems. Test systems are organized according to classes of genetic or genetically related activity and subdivided according to the phylogenetic level of the indicator organisms. Quantitative values for responses in each of these test systems are represented for each compound in graphic form by computer. An evaluation of the genetic spectra was achieved by applying simple pattern recognition techniques and statistical methods.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Abe, S. and M. Sasaki (1977) Chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster cells exposed to various chemicals.JNCI58: 1635 – 1641.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Adams, P. M. , J. D. Fabricant, and M. S. Legator (1981) Cyclophosphamide–induced spermatogenic effects detected in the Fi generation by behavioral testing.Science211: 80 – 82.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. Aksoy, M. and S. Erdem (1978) Follow-up study on the mortality and the development of leukemia in 44 pancytopenic patients with chronic exposure to benzene.Blood52: 285 – 292.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Aksoy, M. , S. Erdem, and G. Din Col (1974) Leukemia in shoe-workers exposed chronically to benzene.Blood44: 837 – 841.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Alderson, M. R. , N. S. Rattan, and L. Bidstrup (1981) Health of workmen in the chromate–producing industry in Britain.Br. J. Ind. Med. 38: 117 – 124.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Ames, B. N. , W. E. Durston, E. Yamasaki, and F. D. Lee (1973) Carcinogens are mutagens: A simple test system, combining liver homogenates for activation and bacteria for detection.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 70: 2281 – 2285.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. Anderson, D. , M. C. E. Hodge, and I. F. H. Purchase (1976) Vinyl chloride: Dominant lethal studies in male CD–I mice.Mutation Res. 40: 359 – 370.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Anderson, D. , C. R. Richardson, I. F. H. Purchase, H. J. Evans, and M. L. O’Riordan (1981) Chromosomal analysis in vinyl chloride exposed workers: Comparison of the standard technique with the sister–chromatid exchange technique.Mutation Res. 83: 137 – 144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Anderson, D. and J. A. Styles (1978) An evaluation of 6 short-term tests for detecting organic chemical carcinogens, Appendix II. The bacterial mutation test.Br. J. Cancer37: 924 – 930.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Andonian, R. W. and R. Kessler (1979) Transplacental exposure to diethylstibestrol in men.Urology13: 276 – 279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Auerbach, C. and J. M. Robson (1947) The production of mutations by chemical substances.Proc. Royal Soc. Edinburgh Sect. B62: 271 – 283.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Baetjer, A. M. (1950) Pulmonary carcinoma in chromate workers. I. A review of literature and report of cases.Arch. Ind. Hyg. 2: 487 – 504.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Baetjer, A. M. (1950) Pulmomary carcinoma in chromate workers. II. Incidence on basis of hospital records.Arch. Ind. Hyg. 2: 505 – 516.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Banerjee, A. and W. F. Benedict (1979) Production of sister chromatid exchanges by various cancer chemotherapeutic agents.Cancer Res. 39: 797 – 799.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Barsky, F. C. , J. D. Irr, and D. F. Krahn (1979) Mutagenicity of gases in the Chinese hamster ovary cell assay.Environ. Mutagen. 1: 167.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Basler, A. and H. Rohrborn (1980) Vinyl-hloride: An example for evaluating mutagenic effects in mammals in vivo after exposure to inhalation.Arch. ToxicolS. 45: 1 – 7.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Benedict, W. F. , M. S. Baker, L. Haroun, E. Choi, and B. N. Ames (1977) Mutagenicity of cancer chemotherapeutic agents in theSalmonella/microsome test.Cancer Res. 37: 2209 – 2213.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Benedict, W. F. , A. Banerjee, A. Gardner, and P. A. Jones (1977) Induction of morphological transformation in mouse C3H10T1/2 clone 8 cells and chromosomal damage in hamster A(Ti)Cl-3 cells by cancer chemotherapeutic agents.Cancer Res. 37: 2202 – 2208.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Benedict, W. F. , A. Banerjee, and N. Venkatesan (1978) Cyclophosphamide–induced oncogenic transformation, chromosomal breakage, and sister chromatid exchange following microsomal activation.Cancer Res. 38: 2922 – 2924.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Bibbo, M. , W. B. Gill, F. Azizi, R. Blough, V. S. Fang, R. L. Rosenfeld, G. F. B. Schumacher, K. Sleeper, M. G. Sonek, and G. L. Wied (1977) Follow–up study of male and female offspring of DES-exposed mothers.Qbstet. Gynecol. 49: 1 – 8.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Bidstrup, P. L. and R. A. M. Case (1956) Carcinoma of the lung in workmen in the bichromates–producing industry in Great Britain.Br. J. Ind. Med. 13: 260 – 264.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Bishun, N. , S. Forster, N. Valera, and D. C. Williams (1980) The clastogenic effects of diethylstilboestrol on ascitic tumor cellsin vivo.Microbiol. Lett. 13: 27 – 31.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Bishun, N. P. , N. Smith, H. Eddie, and D. C. Williams (1977) Cytogenetic studies and diethylstilboestrol.Mutation Res. 46: 211 – 212.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Blot, W. J. and J. F. Fraumeni, Jr. (1975) Arsenical air pollution and lung cancer.Lancet2: 142 – 144.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Bonatti, S. , M. Meini, and A. Abbondandolo (1976) Genetic effects of potassium dichromate inSchizosaccharomyces pombe. Mutation Res. 38: 147 – 150.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Bos, R. P. , R. M. E. Brouns, R. Van Doorn, J. L. G. Theuws, and P. T. Henderson (1980) The appearance of mutagens in urine of rats after the administration of benzidine and some other aromatic amines.Toxicology16: 113 – 122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Bruce, W. R. and J. A. Heddle (1979) The mutagenic activity of 61 agents as determined by the micronucleus, Salmonella, and sperm abnormality assays.Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 21: 319 – 334.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Burgdorf, W. , K. Kurvink, and J. Cervenka (1977) Elevated sister–chromatid exchange rate in lymphocytes of subjects treated with arsenic.Hum. Genet. 36: 69 – 72.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Callen, D. F. and R. M. Philpot (1977) Cytochrome P–450 and the activation of promutagens inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. Mutation Res. 45: 309 – 324.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Capizzi, R. L. , B. Papirmeister, J. M. Mullins, and E. Cheng (1974) The detection of chemical mutagens using the L5178Y/Asn~ murine leukemiain vitroand in a host–mediated assay.Cancer Res. 34: 3073 – 3082.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Case, R. A. M. , M. E. Hosker, D. B. McDonald, and J. T. Pearson (1954) Tumors of the urinary bladder in workmen engaged in the manufacture and use of certain dyestuff intermediates in the British chemical industry, Part I. The role of aniline, benzidine, a–naphthylamine and 0-naphthylamine.Br. J. I. d. Med. 11: 75 – 104.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Case, R. A. and A. J. Lea (1955) Mustard gas poisoning, chronic bronchitis and lung cancer: Investigation into the possibility that poisoning by mustard gas in 1914–18 war might be a factor in production of neoplasia.Br. J. Prev. Soc. Med. 9: 62 – 72.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Casto, B. C. (1981) In:Advances in Modern Environmental Toxicology, Vol. 1, Mammalian Cell Transformation by Chemical Carcinogens (N. Mishra, V. Dunkel, and M. Mehlman, Eds. ), Princeton Junction, NJ, pp. 241 – 271.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Casto, B. C. and G. G. Hatch (unpublished)In VitroStudy of the Nature of the Interaction Between Chemical and Viral Carcinogens.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Casto, B. C. , J. Meyers, and J. A. DiPaolo (1979) Enhancement of viral transformation for evaluation of the carcinogenic or mutagenic potential of inorganic metal salts.Cancer Res. 39: 193 – 198.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Chamberlain, M. and E. M. Tarmy (1977) Asbestos and glass fibers in bacterial mutation tests.Mutation Res. 43: 159 – 164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Chem. Eng. NewsFeb. 11, 1974, 12.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Chievitz, E. and T. Thiede (1962) Complications and causes of death in polycythaemia vera.Acta Med. Scand. 172: 513.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Cihak, R. (1979) Evaluation of benzidine by the micronucleus test.Mutation Res. 67: 383 – 384.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Cline, J. C. and R. E. McMahon (1977) Detection of chemical mutagens: Use of concentration gradient plates in a high capacity screen.Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol. 16: 523 – 533.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Clive, D. , K. 0. Johnson, J. F. S. Spector, A. G. Batson, and M. M. M. Brown (1979) Validation and characterization of the L5178Y/TK+/~ mouse lymphoma mutagen assay system.Mutation Res. 59: 61 – 108.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Commoner, B. (1976) Reliability of Bacterial Mutagenesis Techniques to Distinguish Carcinogenic and Noncarcinogenic Chemicals. EPA-600/1-7-022, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Cotruvo, J. A. , V. F. Simmon, and R. J. Spanggord (1977) Investigation of mutagenic effects of products of ozonation reactions in water.Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 298: 124 – 140.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  44. Creech, J. L. , Jr. and M. N. Johnson (1974) Angiosarcoma of liver in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride.J. Occup. Med. 16: 150 – 151.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Cumming, R. B. and M. F. Walton (1971) Genetic effects of cyclophosphamide in the germ cells of male mice.Genetics68: S14.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Datta, P. K. , H. Frigger, and E. Schleiermacher (1970) In:Chemical Mutagenesis in Mammals and Man(F. Vogel and G. Rohrborn, Eds. ), pp. 194-213, Springer-Verlag, Berlin and New York.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Dean, B. J. (1978) Genetic toxicology of benzene, toluene, xylenes and phenols.Mutation Res. 47: 75 – 97.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  48. DeBock, R. F. K. and M. E. Peetermans (1977) Leukemia after prolonged use of melphalan for non-malignant disease.Lancet1: 1208 – 1209.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. De Brabander, M. , R. Van deVeire, F. Aerts, S. Geuens, and J. Hoebeke (1976) A new culture model facilitating rapid quantitative testing of mitotic spindle inhibition in mammalian cells.JNCI56: 357 – 363.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Delore, P. and C. Borgomano (1928) Leucemie aigue au cours de lfintoxication benzenique: Sur l’origine toxiquede certains leucemies aigues et leur relations avec les anemies graves.J. Med. Lyon9: 227 – 233.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Diaz, M. , N. Fijtman, V. Carricarte, L. Braier, and J. Diez (1979) Effect of benzene and its metabolites on SCE in human lymphocyte cultures.In Vitro15: 172.

    Google Scholar 

  52. DiPaolo, J. A. and B. C. Casto (1979) Quantitative studies ofin vitromorphological transformation of Syrian hamster cells by inorganic metal salts.Cancer Res. 39: 1008 – 1013.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Dobos, M. , D. Schuler, and G. Fekete (1974) Cyclophosphamide– induced chromosomal aberrations in nontumorous patients.Humangenetik22: 221 – 227.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Doll, R. (1955) Mortality from lung cancer in asbestos workers.Br. J. Ind. Med. 12: 81.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Drevon, C. and T. Kuroki (1979) Mutagenicity of vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride and chloroprene in V79 Chinese hamster cells.Mutation Res. 67: 173 – 182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Drevon, C. , C. Piccoli, and R. Montesano (1981) Mutagenicity assays of estrogenic hormones in mammalian cells.Mutation Res. 89: 83 – 90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Drozdowica, B. Z. and P. C. Huang (1977) Lack of mutagenicity of vinyl chloride in two strains ofNeurospora crassa.Mutation Res. 48: 43 – 50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Dugatova, G. , S. Podstavkova, and M. Trebatlcka (1978) Influence of arsenic onDrosophila melanogaster, II. Test on recessive lethal and other mutations affecting vitality and located in X chromosome and on the occurrence of chromosome aberations.Acta F. R. N. Univ. Comend. Genetica9: 79 – 87.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Dunkel, V. C. , R. J. Pienta, A. Sivak, and K. A. Traul (1981) Comparative neoplastic transformation responses of Balb/c3T3 cells, Syrian hamster embryo cells, and Rauscher murine leukemia virus–infected Fischer 344 rat embryo cells to chemical carcinogens. JNCI 67: 1303 – 1315.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Einhorn, N. (1978) Acute leukemia after chemotherapy (melphalan).Cancer41: 444 – 447.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Elmore, J. D. , J. L. Wong, A. D. Laumbach, and U. N. Streips (1976) Vinyl chloride mutagenicity via the metabolites chlorooxirane and chloroacetaldehyde monomer hydrate.Biochem. Biophys. Acta442: 405 – 419.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Fabry, L. (1980) Relationship between the induction of micronuclei in marrow cells by chromium salts and their carcinogenic properties.C. R. Soc. Biol. 174: 889 – 892.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Fahmy, M. J. and O. G. Fahmy (1977) Mutagenicity of hair dye components relative to the carcinogen benzidine inDrosophila melanogaster.Mutation Res. 56: 31 – 38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Fahmy, O. G. and M. J. Fahmy (1976) Cytogenetic analysis of the action of carcinogens and tumor inhibitors inDrosophila melanogaster, V. Differential genetic response to the alkylating mutagens and X-radiation. J. Genet. 54: 146 – 164.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Fahmy, O. G. and M. J. Fahmy (1970) Gene elimination in carcinogenesis: Reinterpretation of the somatic mutation theory.Cancer Res. 30: 195 – 205.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Fahrig, R. (1973) Metabolic activation of mutagens in mammals host–mediated assay utilizing the induction of mitotic gene conversion inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. Agents Actions3: 99 – 110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Figueroa, W. G. , R. Raszkowski, and W. Weiss (1973) Lung cancer in chloromethyl methyl ether workers.New England J. Med. 288: 1096 – 1097.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Forni, A. , E. Pacifico, and A. Limonta (1971) Chromosome studies in workers exposed to benzene or toluene or both.Arch. Environ. Health 22: 373 – 378.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Forni, A. and E. C. Vigliani (1974) Chemical leukemogenesis in man.Ser. Haemat. 7: 211 – 223.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Fox, A. J. and P. F. Collier (1977) Mortality experience of workers exposed to vinyl chloride monomer in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride in Great Britain.Br. J. Ind. Med. 34: 1 – 10.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Freeman, A. F. , E. K. Weisburger, J. H. Weisburger, R. G. Wolford, J. M. Maryak, and R. J. Huebner (1974) Transformation of cell cultures as an indication of the carcinogenic potential of chemicals.JNCI51: 799 – 808.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Garner, R. C. , W. L. Walpole, and F. L. Rose (1975) Testing of some benzidine analogues for microsomal activation to bacterial mutagens.Cancer Lett. 1: 39 – 42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Garrett, N. E. , H. F. Stack, M. R. Grose, and M. D. Waters (submitted) Analysis of the spectrum of genetic activity produced by 24 known or suspected human carcinogens.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Generoso, W. M. , K. T. Cain, S. W. Huff, and D. G. Gosslee (1978) In:Advances in Modern Toxicology, Vol. 5, pp. 109–129, Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, Washington, DC and London.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Gerber, M. A. (1970) Asbestosis and neoplastic disorders of the hematopoietic system.Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 53: 204 – 208.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Gerner–Smidt P. and U. Friedrich (1978) The mutagenic effect of benzene, toluene and xylene studied by the SCE technique.Mutation Res. 58: 313 – 316.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Gloyne, S. R. (1935) Two cases of squamous carcinoma of the lung occurring in asbestosis.Tubercle17: 5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Goetz, P. , A. M. Malashenko, and N. I. Surkova (1980) Chromosome aberrations induced by cyclophosphamide in meiotic cells of male mice.Tsitologiya i Genetika14: 29 – 35.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Goldwater, L. J. , A. J. Rosso, and M. Kleinfeld (1965) Bladder tumors in a coal–tar dye plant.Arch. Environ. Health11: 814.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Green, S. and A. Auletta (1980) Editorial introduction to the reports of “The Gene–Tox Program. ” An evaluation of bioassays in genetic toxicology.Mutation Res. 76: 65 – 168.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Griffiths, A. J. F. (1981) In:Short-Term Tests for Chemical Carcinogens(H. F. Stich and R. H. C. Sans, Eds. ), pp. 187–199, Springer-Verlag, New York/Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Haley, T. J. (1975) Benzidine revisited: A review of the literature and problems associated with the use of benzidine and its congeners.Clin. Toxicol. 8: 13 – 42.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Haley, T. J. (1977) Evaluation of the health effects of benzene inhalation.Clin. Toxicol. 11: 531 – 548.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Hammond, E. C. , I. J. Selikoff, and J. Churg (1965) Neoplasia among insulation workers in the United States with special reference to intra–abdominal neoplasia.Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 132: 519 – 525.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  85. Hansmann, I. (1974) Chromosome aberrations in metaphase II-Oocytes stage sensitivity in the mouse oogenesis to amethopterin and cyclophosphamide.Mutation Res. 22: 175 – 191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. Hanst een, I. , L. Hillestad, E. Thiis-Evensen, and S. S. Heldaas (1978) Effe cts of vinyl chloride in man: A cytogenetic follow-up study.Mutation Res. 51: 271 – 278.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. Herbst, A. L. , P. Cole, T. Colton, S. J. Robboy, and R. E. Scully (1977) Age–incidence and risk of diethylstilbestrol–related clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix.Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 128: 43 – 50.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Herbst, A. L. , H. Ulfelder, and D. C. Poskanzer (1971) Adenocarcinoma of the vagina. Association of maternal stilbestrol therapy with tumor appearance in young women.New England J. Med. 284: 878 – 881.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Hirakawa, T. , M. Tanaka, and S. Takayama (1979) Morphological transformation of hamster embryo cells by cancer chemotherapeutic agents.Toxicol. Lett. 3: 55 – 60.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Hite, M. , M. Pecharo, I. Smith, and S. Thornton (1980) The effect of benzene in the micronucleus test.Mutation Res77: 149 – 155.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. Huang, C. C. , K. McKernan, J. R. Pantano, and S. R. Sirianni (1980) Anin vitrometabolic activation assay using liver microsomes in diffusion chambers: Induction of sister chromatid exchanges and chromosome aberrations by cyclophosphamide or ifosfamide in cultured human and Chinese hamster cells.Carcinogenesis1: 37 – 40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. Huang, S. L. (1979) Amosite, chrysotile, and crocidolite asbestos are mutagenic in Chinese hamster lung cells.Mutation Res. 68: 265 – 274.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  93. Huang, S. L. , D. Saggioro, H. Michelmann, and H. V. Mailing, (1978) Genetic effects of crocidolite asbestos in Chinese hamster lung cells.Mutation Res. 57: 225 – 232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. Hueper, W. C. (1942)Occupational Tumors and Allied Diseases. Thomas, Springfield, IL.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Hueper, W. C. (1969)Occupational and Environmental Cancers of the Urinary System. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Hutchinson, J. (1887)Br. Med. J11:1280; J. Hutchinson (1888)Trans. Path. Soc. London. 39: 352.

    Google Scholar 

  97. IARC (1979) Chemicals and Industrial Processes Associated with Cancer in Humans. Supplement I to Vols. 1–20 ofIARC Monographs, IARC, Lyon, France.

    Google Scholar 

  98. IARC (1982) Chemicals and Industrial Processes Associated with Cancer in Humans. Supplement 4 to Vols. 1–29 ofIARC Monographs, IARC, Lyon, France.

    Google Scholar 

  99. IARC Monographs, Vol. 1, IARC, Lyon, France (1972) pp. 74–79.

    Google Scholar 

  100. IARC Monographs, Vol. 1, IARC, Lyon, France (1972) pp. 80 – 86.

    Google Scholar 

  101. IARC Monographs, Vol, 4, IARC, Lyon, France (1974) pp. 97–Ill

    Google Scholar 

  102. IARC Monographs, pp. 119–124. Vol. 4, IARC, Lyon, France (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  103. IARC Monographs, 231–245. Vol. 4, IARC, Lyon, France (1974) pp.

    Google Scholar 

  104. IARC Monographs, pp. 203–221. Vol. 7, IARC, Lyon, France (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  105. IARC Monographs, pp. 291–318. Vol. 7, IARC, Lyon, France (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  106. IARC Monographs, Vol. 9, IARC, Lyon, France (1975) pp. 135 – 156.

    Google Scholar 

  107. IARC Monographs, Vol. 9, IARC, Lyon, France (1975) pp. 167 – 180.

    Google Scholar 

  108. IARC Monographs, Vol. 14, IARC, Lyon, France (1977) pp. 11 – 106.

    Google Scholar 

  109. IARC Monographs, Vol. 19, IARC, Lyon, France (1979) pp. 377 – 438.

    Google Scholar 

  110. IARC Monographs, Vol. 21, IARC, Lyon, France (1979) pp. 173 – 231.

    Google Scholar 

  111. IARC Monographs, Vol. 23, IARC, Lyon, France (1980) pp. 39 – 141.

    Google Scholar 

  112. IARC Working Group (1980) An evaluation of chemicals and industrial processes associated with cancer in humans based on human and animal data.IARC Monographs1 to 20,Cancer Res. 40: 1 – 12.

    Google Scholar 

  113. Ichinotsubo, D. , H. F. Mower, J. Setliff, and M. Mandel (1977) The use of rec bacteria for testing of carcinogenic substances.Mutation Res. 46: 53 – 62.

    Google Scholar 

  114. Ikeuchi, T. , K. Sugimura, and M. Sasaki (1979) Evaluation of mutagen–metabolizing capacity of cultured mammalian cells, as revealed by the induction of chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges.Jpn. J. Hum. Genet. 24: 186 – 187.

    Google Scholar 

  115. Infante, P. F. , R. A. Rinski, J. K. Wagoner, and R. J. Young (1977) Leukemia in benzene workers.Lancet2: 76 – 78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  116. Inskeep, E. K. , J. C. Herrington, and I. L. Lindahl (1971) Effects of cyclophosphamide in rams.J. Animal Sci. 33: 1022 – 1025.

    Google Scholar 

  117. Ishimaru, T. , H. Okada, T. Tomiyasu, T. Tsuchimoto, T. Hoshino, and T. Ichimaru (1971) Occupational factors in the epidemiology of leukemia in Hiroshima and Nagasaki.Am. J. Epidemiol. 93: 157 – 165.

    Google Scholar 

  118. Ivett, J. L. and R. R. Tice (1981) Cytogenetic effects of diethystilbestrol–diphosphate (DES–dp) in murine bone marrow.Environ. Mutagen. 1: 184.

    Google Scholar 

  119. Jenssen, D. and C. Ramel (1980) The micronucleus test as part of a short–term mutagenicity test program for the prediction of carcinogenicity evaluated by 143 agents tested.Mutation Res. 75: 191 – 202.

    Google Scholar 

  120. Karchmer, R. I. , M. Amare, W. E. Larsem, A. G. Mallouk, and G. G. Caldwell (1974) Alkylating agents as leukemogens in multiple myeloma. Cancer 33: 1103 – 1107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  121. Kirkhart, B. (1981) In:Evaluation of Short–Term Tests for Carcinogenesis: Report of the Internation Collaborative Program, Progress in Mutation Research, Vol. 1 (F. J. de Serres and J. Ashby, Eds. ), pp. 698–704, Elsevier/North–Holland Biomedical Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  122. Kleinfeld, M. , J. Messite, and C. Kooymann (1967) Mortality experience in a group of asbestos workers.Arch. Environ. Health15: 177 – 180.

    Google Scholar 

  123. Knudsen, I. (1980) The mammalian spot test and its use for the testing of potential carcinogenicity of welding fume particles and hexavalent chromium.Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. 47: 66 – 70.

    Google Scholar 

  124. Koizumi, A. , Y. Dobashi, Y. Tachibana, K. Tsuda, H. Katsunuma (1974) Cytokinetic and cytogenetic changes in cultured human leukocytes and Hela cells inducted by benzene.Ind. Health12: 23 – 27.

    Google Scholar 

  125. Korte, K. (1980) Comparative analysis of chromosomal aberrations and sister-chromatid exchanges in bone marrow cells of Chinese hamsters after treatment with aflatoxin Bi, patulin and cyclophosphamide.Mutation Res. 74: 164.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  126. Krahn, D. F. (1977) Rat liver homogenate–mediated toxicity and induction of 6-thioguanine-resistance in V79 Chinese hamster cells by chemical carcinogens.Diss. Abstr. Ins. B37: 3726.

    Google Scholar 

  127. Kuratsune, M. , S. Tokudome, T. Shirakusa, M. Yoshida, T. Tokumitsu, T. Hayano, and M. Seita (1974) Occupational lung cancer among copper smelters.Int. J. Cancer13: 552 – 558.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  128. Kyle, R. A. , R. V. Pierre, and E. D. Bayrd (1975) Multiple myeloma and acute leukemia associated with alkylating agents.Arch. Int. Med. 135: 185 – 192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  129. Lambert, B. , U. Ringborg, A. Lindblad, E. Harper M. Nordenskjold, and B. Werelius (1979) Sister–chromatid exchanges in smoking and non–smoking control subjects, patients receiving cancer chemotherapy and laboratory workers exposed to organic solvents.Mutation Res. 64: 138.

    Google Scholar 

  130. Lavappa, K. S. , M. M. Fu, and S. S. Epstein (1975) Cytogenetic studies on chrysotile asbestos.Environ. Res. 10: 165 – 173.

    Google Scholar 

  131. Law, I. P. and J. Blom (1977) Second malignancies in patients with multiple myeloma.Oncology34: 20 – 24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  132. Lawley, P. D. and P. Brookes (1968) Cytotoxicity of alkylating agents towards sensitive and resistant strains ofEscherichia coliin relation to extent and mode of alkylation of cellular macromolecules and repair of alkylation lesions in deoxyribonucleic acids.Biochem. J. 109: 433 – 447.

    Google Scholar 

  133. Leonard, A. and R. R. Lauwerys (1980) Carcinogenicity, teratogenicity and mutagenicity of arsenic.Mutation Res. 75: 49 – 62.

    Google Scholar 

  134. Levis, A. G. and F. Majone (1979) Cytotoxic and clastogenic effects of soluble chromium compounds on mammalian cell cultures.Br. J. Cancer40: 523 – 533.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  135. Lewensohn, R. and U. Ringborg (1979) Induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis in human bone marrow cells by bifunctional alkylating agents.Blood54: 1320 – 1329.

    Google Scholar 

  136. Longnecker, D. S. , T. J. Curphey, S. T. James, D. S. Daniel, and N. J. Jacobs (1974) Trial of a bacterial screening system for rapid detection of mutagens and carcinogens.Cancer Res. 34: 1658 – 1663.

    Google Scholar 

  137. Loprieno, N. , R. Barale, S. Baroncelli, C. Bauer, G. Bronzetti, A. Cammellini, G. Cercignani, C. Corsi, G. Gervasi, C. Leporini, R. Nieri, A. M. Rossi, G. Stretti, and G. Turchi (1976) Evaluation of the genetic effects induced by vinylchloride monomer (VCM) under mammalian metabolic activation: Studies in vitro andin vivo.Mutation Res. 40: 85 – 96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  138. Lynch, K. M. and W. A. Smith (1935) Pulmonary asbestosis: Carcinoma of the lung in asbestos–silicosis.Am. J. Cancer24: 56.

    Google Scholar 

  139. Machle, W. and F. Gregorius (1948) Cancer of the respiratory system in the United States chromate–producing industry. Pub.Health Rep. (Washington) 63: 1114 – 1127.

    Google Scholar 

  140. Macrae, W. D. , R. F. Whiting, and H. F. Stich (1979) Sister chromatid exchanges induced in cultured mammalian cells by chromate.Chem.-Biol. Interact. 26: 281 – 286.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  141. Martin, C. N. , A. C. McDermid, and R. C. Garner (1978) Testing of known carcinogens and noncarcinogens for their ability to induce unscheduled DNA synthesis in Hela cells.Cancer Res. 38: 2621 – 2627.

    Google Scholar 

  142. Martin, C. N. , A. C. McDermid, and R. C. Garner (1978) Testing of known carcinogens and noncarcinogens for their ability to induce unscheduled DNA synthesis in Hela cells.Cancer Res. 38: 2621 – 2627.

    Google Scholar 

  143. Matheson, D. , D. Brusick, and R. Carrano (1978) Comparison of the relative mutagenic activity for eight antineoplastic drugs in the AmesSalmonella/microsome and TK +/– mouse lymphoma assays.Drug Chem. Toxicol. 1: 277 – 304.

    Google Scholar 

  144. Mattern, I. E. and W. B. Van der Zwaan (1977) Mutagenicity testing of urine from vinylchloride (VCM) treated rats usingSalmonellatest system.Mutation Res. 46: 230 – 231.

    Google Scholar 

  145. Mayer, V. W. (1972) Mutagenic effects induced inSaccharomyces cerevisiaeby breakdown products of 1–naphthylamine and 2-naphthylamine formed in an enzyme-free hydroxylation system.Mutation Res. 15: 147 – 153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  146. Mayer, V. W. (1973) Induction of mitotic crossing over inSaccharomyces cerevisiaeby breakdown products of dimethylnitrosamine, diethylnitrosamine, 1-naphthylamine and 2-naphthylamine formed by an in–vitro hydroxylation system.Genetics74: 433 – 442.

    Google Scholar 

  147. Mayer, V. W. , C. J. Hybner, and D. J. Brusick (1976) Genetic effects induced inSaccharomyces cerevisiaeby cyclophosphamidein vitrowithout liver enzyme preparations.Mutation Res. 37: 201 – 212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  148. McCann, J. , V. Simmon, D. Streitwieser, and B. N. Ames (1975) Mutagenicity of chloroacetaldehyde, a possible metabolic product of 1,2-dichloroethane (ethylene dichloride), chloroethanol (ethylene chlorohydrin), vinyl chloride, and cyclophosphamide.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 72: 3190 – 3193.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  149. Meal, P. F. , J. Cocker, H. D. Wilson, and J. M. Gilmour (1981) Search for benzidine and its metabolites in urine of workers weighing benzidine-derived dyes.Br. J. Ind. Med. 38: 191 – 193.

    Google Scholar 

  150. Melick, W. F. , H. M. Escue, J. J. Naryka, R. A. Mezera, and E. R. Wheeler (1955) The first reported case of human bladder tumors due to a new carcinogen-Xenylamine.J. Urol. (Baltimore) 74: 760.

    Google Scholar 

  151. Melick, W. F. , J. J. Naryka, and R. E. Kelly (1971) Bladder cancer due to exposure to para–aminobiphenyl: A 17–year follow up.J. Urol. (Baltimore) 106: 220.

    Google Scholar 

  152. The Merck Index, 8th ed. , Merck and Co. , Rahway, NJ (1968) p. 717.

    Google Scholar 

  153. The Merck Index, 8th ed. , Merck and Co. , Rahway, NJ (1968) p. 128.

    Google Scholar 

  154. Meyne, J. and M. S. Legator (1980) Sex–related differences in cytogenetic effects of benzene in the bone marrow of Swiss mice.Environ. Mutagen. 2: 43 – 50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  155. Minnich, V. , M. E. Smith, D. Thompson, and S. Kornfeld (1976) Detection of mutagenic activity in human urine using mutant strains ofSalmonella typhimurium.Cancer38: 1253 – 1258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  156. Mitchell, A. D. (1976) Potential Prescreens for Chemical Carcinogens: Unscheduled DNA Synthesis. Task 2 (Final Report under Contract N01/CP-33394), Stanford Research Institute, Stanford, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  157. Molina, L. , S. Rinkus, and M. S. Legator (1978) Evaluation of the micronucleus procedure over a 2–yr period.Mutation Res. 53: 125.

    Google Scholar 

  158. Monson, R. R. , J. M. Peters, and M. N. Johnson (1974) Proportional mortality among vinyl–chloride workers.Lancet2: 397 – 398.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  159. Muller, A. J. (1965) A survey on agents tested with regard to their ability to induce recessive lethals in Arabidopsis.Arabidopsis Information Service2: 22 – 24.

    Google Scholar 

  160. Nakamuro, K. and Y. Sayato (1981) Comparative studies of chromosomal aberration induced by trivalent and pentavalent arsenic.Mutation Res. 88: 73 – 80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  161. Nestmann, E. R. , T. I. Matula, G. R. Douglas, K. C. Bora, and Kowbel, D. J. (1979) Detection of the mutagenic activity of lead chromate using a battery of microbial tests.Mutation Res. 66: 357 – 365.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  162. Neubauer, 0. (1947) Arsenical cancer: A review.Br. J. Cancer1: 192 – 251.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  163. Nicholson, W. J. , E. C. Hammond, H. Seidman, and I. J. Selikoff (1975) Mortality experience of a cohort of vinyl chloride-polyvinyl chloride workers.Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 246: 225 – 230.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  164. Nishioka, H. (1975) Mutagenic activities of metal compounds in bacteria.Mutation Res. 31: 185 – 189.

    Google Scholar 

  165. Nordenskjold, M. , S. Soderhall, and P. Moldeus (1979) Studies of DNA-strand breaks induced in human fibroblasts by chemical mutagens/carcinogens.Mutation Res. 63: 393 – 400.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  166. Norman, J. E. (1975) Lung cancer mortality in World War I veterans with mustard-gas injury: 1919–1965.JNCI54: 311 – 317.

    Google Scholar 

  167. Nylander, P. , H. Olofsson, B. Rasmuson, and H. Svahlin (1978) Mutagenic effects of petrol inDrosophila melanogaster, I. Effects of benzene and 1,2-dichloroethane.Mutation Res. 57: 163 – 167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  168. Ohsaki, Y. , S. Abe, K. Kimura, Y. Tsuneta, H. Mikami, and M. Murao (1978) Lung cancer in Japanese chromate workers.Thorax33: 372 – 374.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  169. Ong, T. and F. J. de Serres (1972) Mutagenicity of chemical carcinogens inNeurospora crassa.Cancer Res. 32: 1890 – 1893.

    Google Scholar 

  170. Oster, I. I. (1958) Interactions between ionizing radiation and chemical mutagens,Z. Indukt. Abstamm. Vererbungsl89: 1 – 6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  171. Painter, R. B. (1978) DNA synthesis inhibition in Hela cells as a simple test for agents that damage human DNA. J.Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. 2: 65 – 78.

    Google Scholar 

  172. Pasternack, B. S. , R. E. Shore, and R. E. Albert (1977) Occupational exposure to chloromethyl ethers.J. Qccup. Med. 19: 741 – 746.

    Google Scholar 

  173. Pennisi, A. J. , C. M. Grushkin, and E. Lieberman (1975) Gonadal function in children with nephrosis treated with cyclophosphamide.Am. J. Pis. Child129: 315 – 318.

    Google Scholar 

  174. Peter, S. and G. Ungvary (1980) Lack of mutagenic effect of vinyl chloride monomer in the mammalian spot test.Mutation Res. 77: 193 – 196.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  175. Petres, J. , D. Baron, and M. Hagedorn (1977) Effects of arsenic on cell metabolism and cell proliferation: Cytogenetic and biochemical studies.Environ. Health Perspect. 19: 223 – 227.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  176. Petrilli, F. L. and S. De Flora (1977) Toxicity and mutagenicity of hexavalent chromium onSalmonella typhimurium. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 33: 805 – 809.

    Google Scholar 

  177. Picciano, D. (1979) Cytogenetic study of workers exposed to benzene.Environ. Res. 19: 33 – 38.

    Google Scholar 

  178. Pienta, R. J. (1979) In: Carcinogens: Identification andMechanisms of Action(A. C. Griffin and C. R. Shaw, Eds. ), pp. 121–141, Raven Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  179. Pienta, R. J. , J. A. Poiley, and W. B. Lebherz (1977) III. Morphological transformation of early passage golden Syrian hamster embryo cells derived from cryopreserved primary cultures as a reliablein vitrobioassay for identifying diverse carcinogens.Int. J. Cancer19: 642 – 655.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  180. Piper, C. E. , N. E. McCarroll, and T. J. Oberly (1978) Mutagenic activity of an organic arsenical compound detected with L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells. Environ. Mutagen. 1: 165.

    Google Scholar 

  181. Purchase, I. F. H. , C. R. Richardson, and D. Anderson (1975) Chromosomal and dominant lethal effects of vinyl chloride.Lancet2: 410 – 411.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  182. Pye–Smith, R. J. (1913)Proc. Royal Soc. Med. Clin. Sec. 6: 229.

    Google Scholar 

  183. Radomski, J. L. , W. L. Hearn, and T. Radomski (1979) Structure–activity relationship amongst the primary aromatic amines in the induction of bladder cancer, In:Toxicology and Occupational Medicine( Radomski, J. L. , W. L. Hearn, and T. Radomski, Ed. ), pp. 201 – 208, Elsevier/North Holland.

    Google Scholar 

  184. Radomski, J. L. , W. L. Hearn, T. Radomski, H. Moreno, and W. E. Scott (1977) Isolation of the glucuronic acid conjugate of N-hydroxy–-4-aminobiphenyl from dog urine and its mutagenic activity.Cancer Res. 37: 1757 – 1762.

    Google Scholar 

  185. Raffetto, G. , S. Parodi, C. Parodi, M. De Ferrari, R. Troiano, and G. Brambilla (1977) Direct interaction with cellular targets as the mechanism for chromium carcinogenesis.Tumori63: 503 – 512.

    Google Scholar 

  186. von Reinl, W. , H. Weber, and E. Greiser (1977) Epidemiological study on mortality of VC–exposed workers in Federal Republic of Germany.Medichem. (Germany) September 2 – 8.

    Google Scholar 

  187. Rehn, L. (1895) Blasengeschwulste bei fuchsin–arbeitern.Arch. Klin. Chirugie50: 588.

    Google Scholar 

  188. Rhim, J. A. , D. K. Park, E. K. Weisburger, and J. H. Weisburger (1974) Evaluation of anin vitroassay system for carcinogens based on prior infection of rodent cells with nontransforming RNA tumor virus. JNCI 52: 1167 – 1173.

    Google Scholar 

  189. Robboy, S. J. , R. E. Scully, W. R. Welch, and A. L. Herbst (1977) Intrauterine diethylstilbestrol exposure and its consequences.Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 101: 1 – 5.

    Google Scholar 

  190. Rohrborn, G. and A. Basler (1977) Cytogenetic investigations of mammals. Comparison of the genetic activity of cytostatics in mammals.Arch. Toxicol. 38: 35 – 43.

    Google Scholar 

  191. Rosenkranz, H. and L. A. Poirier (1979) Evaluation of the mutagenicity and DNA–modifying activity of carcinogens and noncarcinogens in microbial systems.J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 62: 873 – 892.

    Google Scholar 

  192. Rosenkranz, H. S. and Z. Leifer (1980) In:Chemical Mutagens, Principles and Methods for Their DetectionVol. 6 (F. J. de Serres and A. Hollaender, Eds. ), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 109 – 147.

    Google Scholar 

  193. Rudiger, H. W. , F. Haenisch, M. Metzler, F. Oesch, and H. R. Glatt (1979) Metabolites of diethylstilboestrol induce sister chromatid exchange in human cultured fibroblasts.Nature281: 392 – 394.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  194. Salamone, M. F. , J. A. Heddle, and M. Katz (1981) In:Evaluation of Short–Term Tests for Carcinogenesis: Report of the International Collaborative Program, Progress in Mutation Research, Vol. 1 (F. J. de Serres and J. Ashby, Eds. ), pp. 686–697, Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  195. Sax, N. I. (1981)Cancer Causing Chemicals, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  196. Schairer, L. A. , J. Van’t Hof, C. G. Hayes, R. M. Burton, and F. J. de Serres (1978) In:Application of Short–Term Bioassays in the Fractionation and Analysis of Complex Environmental Mixtures(M. D. Waters, S. Nesnow, J. L. Huisingh, S. S. Sandhu, and L. Claxton, Eds. ), pp. 419–440, Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  197. Schroeder, H. A. (1970) A sensible look at air pollution by metals.Arch. Environ. Health21: 798 – 806.

    Google Scholar 

  198. Schubert, A. (1979) Host-mediated assay and urinary assay with the same mice for the detection of chemical mutagens in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biol. Zbl. 94: 451 – 454.

    Google Scholar 

  199. Scott, D. , M. Fox, and B. W. Fox (1974) The relationship between chromosomal aberrations, survivals and DNA repair in tumour cell lines of differential sensitivity to X–rays and sulphur mustard.Mutation Res. 22: 207 – 221.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  200. Scott, T. S. and M. H. C. Williams (1957) The control of industrial bladder tumors.Br. J. Ind. Med. 14: 150 – 163.

    Google Scholar 

  201. Selikoff, I. J. , J. Churg, and E. C. , Hammond (1964) Asbestos exposure and neoplasia.JAMA188: 22 – 26.

    Google Scholar 

  202. Selikoff, I. J. , E. C. Hammond, and J. Churg (1968) Asbestosis exposure, smoking and neoplasia. JAMA 204: 106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  203. Shahin, M. M. (1976) The non-mutagenicity and -recombinogenicity of vinyl chloride in the absence of metabolic activation.Mutation Res. 40: 269 – 272.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  204. Short, R. D. , J. L. Minor, J. M. Winston, and C. Lee (1977) A dominant lethal study in male rats after repeated exposures to vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride.J. Toxicol. Environ. Health3: 965 – 968.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  205. Siebert, D. (1973) A new method for testing genetically active metabolites: Urinary assay with cyclophosphamide (Endoxan, Cytoxan) andSaccharomyces cerevisiae.Mutation Res. , 17: 307 – 314.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  206. Siebert, D. and U. Simon (1973) Genetic activity of metabolites in the ascitic fluid and in the urine of a human patient treated with cyclophosphamide.Mutation Res. 21: 257 – 262.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  207. Simmon, V. F. (1971)In vitromutagenicity assays of chemical carcinogens and related compounds withSalmonella typhimurium. JNCI 62: 893 – 899.

    Google Scholar 

  208. Simmon, V. F. (1979)In vitroassays for recombinogenic activity of chemical carcinogens and related compounds withSaccharomyces cerevisiaeD3.JNCI62: 901 – 909.

    Google Scholar 

  209. Simmon, V. F. , S. L. Eckford, and A. F. Griffin (1978) In:Proceedings of a Conference: Ozone/Chlorine Dioxide Oxidation Products of Organic Materials, pp. 126 – 133.

    Google Scholar 

  210. Simmon, V. F. , A. D. Mitchell, and T. A. Jorgenson (1977) Evaluation of Selected Pesticides as Chemical Mutagens:In VitroandIn VivoStudies. EPA–600/1–77–028, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency.

    Google Scholar 

  211. Simmon, V. F. , H. S. Rosenkranz, E. Zeiger, and L. A. Poirier (1979) Mutagenic activity of chemical carcinogens and related compounds in the intra-peritoneal host–mediated assay.JNCI62: 911 – 918.

    Google Scholar 

  212. Sincock, A. M. (1977) In:Origins of Human Cancer, Book B, pp. 941–954, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  213. Sincock, A. and M. Seabright (1975) Induction of chromosome changes in Chinese hamster cells by exposure to asbestos fibers.Nature257: 56 – 58.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  214. Sirianni, S. R. , M. Furukawa, and C. C. Huang (1979) Induction of 8–azaguanine–and ouabain–resistant mutants by cyclophosphamide and l–(pyridyl–B)–3,3–dimethyltriazene in Chinese hamstser cells cultured in diffusion chambers in mice.Mutation Res. 64: 259 – 267.

    Google Scholar 

  215. Snyder, R. and J. J. Kocsis (1975) Current concepts of chronic benzene toxicity.CRC Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 3: 265 – 288.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  216. Sotomayor, R. E. , G. A. Sega, and R. B. Cumming (1976) Unscheduled DNA synthesis in the germ cells of male mice treatedin vivowith chemical mutagens requiring metabolic activation.Mutation Res. 38: 395.

    Google Scholar 

  217. Spirtas, R. and R. Kaminski (1978) Angiosarcoma of the liver in vinyl chloride/polyvinyl chloride workers, Update of NIOSH Register.J. Occup. Med. 20: 427 – 429.

    Google Scholar 

  218. Sram, R. J. (1976) Relationship between acute and chronic exposures in mutagenicity studies in mice.Mutation Res. 41: 25 – 42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  219. Steinberg, A. D. , P. H. Plotz, S. M. Wolff, V. G. Wong, S. G. Agus, and J. L. Decker (1972) Cytotoxic drugs in treatment of nonmalignant diseases.Ann. Int. Med. 76: 619 – 642.

    Google Scholar 

  220. Stevens, C. M. and A. Mylroie (1950) Biological action of mustard gas compounds. Mutagenic activity of beta–chloroalkyl amines and sulphides.Nature166: 1019.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  221. Sugimura, T. , S. Sato, M. Nagao, T. Hahagi, T. Matsushima, Y. Seino, M. Takeuchi, and T. Kawachi (1976) In:Fundamentals in Cancer Prevention(P. N. Magee et al. , Eds. ) pp. 191–215, University of Tokyo Press/University Park Press, Tokyo/Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  222. Suling, W. J. , R. F. Struck, C. W. Woolley, and W. Shannon (1978) Comparative disposition of phosphoramide mustard and other cyclophosphamide metabolites in the mouse using theSalmonella/mutagenesis assay.Cancer Treat. Rep. 62: 1321 – 1328.

    Google Scholar 

  223. Sykora, I. , K. Rezabek, D. Pokorna, and D. Gandalovicov (1979) In:Evaluation of Embryotoxic, Mutagenic, and Carcinogenic Risks of New Drugs, Proceedings of a 1976 Symposium, pp. 263–266.

    Google Scholar 

  224. Tanaka, K. , S. Marui, and T. Mii (1980) Mutagenicity of extracts of urine from rats treated with aromatic amines.Mutation Res. 79: 173 – 176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  225. Tanooka, H. (1977) Development and applications ofBacillus subtilistest systems for mutagens, involving DNA repair, deficiency and suppressible auxotrophic mutations.Mutation Res. 42: 19 – 32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  226. Thiess, A. M. , W. Hey, and H. Zeller (1973) Zur toxikologie von dichlordimethylather-Verdacht auf kanzerogene wirkung auch beim menschen.Zbl. Arbeitsmed. 23: 97.

    Google Scholar 

  227. Thiede, T. , E. Chievitz, and B. C. Christensen (1964) Chlornaphazine as a bladder carcinogen.Acta Med. Scand. 175: 721.

    Google Scholar 

  228. Thiede, T. and B. C. Christensen (1969) Bladder tumors Induced by chlornaphazine.Acta Med. Scand. 185: 133 – 137.

    Google Scholar 

  229. Tice, R. R. , D. L. Costa, and R. T. Drew (1980) Cytogenetic effects of inhaled benzene in murine bone marrow: Induction of sister chromatid exchanges, chromosomal aberrations, and cellular proliferation in DBA/2 mice.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.77: 2148 – 2152.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  230. Topham, J. C. (1980) Chemically–induced transmissible abnormalities in sperm–head shape.Mutation Res. 70: 109 – 114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  231. Topham, J. C. (1980) The detection of carcinogen–induced sperm head abnormalities in mice.Mutation Res. 69: 149 – 155.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  232. Topham, J. C. (1980) Do induced sperm–head abnormalities in mice specifically identify mammalian mutagens rather than carcinogens.Mutation Res. 74: 379 – 387.

    Google Scholar 

  233. Traul, K. A. and J. S. Wolff (1979) Unpublished report, John L. Smith Memorial on Cancer (Pfizer, Inc. ), Contract No. N01–CP–55703.

    Google Scholar 

  234. Treibl, H. G. (1967) In:Encyclopedia of Chemical Toxicology, 2nd ed. (R. E. Kirk and D. F. Othmer, Eds. ), Vol. 13, John Wiley and Sons, New York, p. 708.

    Google Scholar 

  235. Trzos, R. J. , G. L. Petzold, M. N. Brunden, and J. A. Swenberg (1978) The evaluation of sixteen carcinogens in the rat using the micronucleus test.Mutation Res. 58: 79 – 86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  236. Umeda, M. and M. Nishimura (1979) Inducibility of chromosomal aberrations by metal compounds in cultured mammalian cells.Mutation Res. 67: 221 – 229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  237. Valencia, R. (1977) Mutagenesis Screening of Pesticides UsingDrosophila, WARF Institute final report prepared for U. S. EPA under contract 68–01–2474.

    Google Scholar 

  238. Valerio, F. , M. De Ferrari, L. Ottaggio, E. Repetto, and L. Santi (1980) Cytogenetic effects of Rhodesian chrysotile on human lymphocytesin vitro. IARC Sci. Publ. 30: 485 – 489.

    Google Scholar 

  239. Verburgt, F. G. and E. Vogel (1977) Vinyl chloride mutagenesis inDrosophila melanogaster.Mutation Res. 48: 327 – 336.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  240. Videbaek, A. (1964) Chlornaphazin (Erysan©) may induce cancer of the urinary bladder.Acta Med. Scand. 176: 45.

    Google Scholar 

  241. Vigliani, E. C. and A. Forni (1976) Benzene and leukemia. .Environ. Res. 11: 122 – 127.

    Google Scholar 

  242. Vogel, E. (1975) Mutagenic activity of cyclophosphamide, trofosfamide, and ifosfamide inDrosophila melanogaster, Specific induction of recessive lethals in the absence of detectable chromosome breakage.Mutation Res. 33: 221 – 228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  243. Vogel, E. (1975) Mutagenic activity of cyclophosphamide, trofosfamide, and ifosfamide inDrosophila melanogster, Specific induction of recessive lethals in the absence of detectable chromosome breakage.Mutation Res. 33: 221 – 228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  244. Wada, S. , M. Miyanishi, Y. Nishimoto, S. Kambe, and R. W. Miller (1968) Mustard gas as a cause of respiratory neoplasia in man.Lancet1: 1161 – 1163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  245. Wagner, J. C. , C. A. Sleggs, and P. Marchand (1960) Diffuse plural mesothelioma and asbestos exposure in the North–Western Cape Province.Br. J. Ind. Med. 17: 260.

    Google Scholar 

  246. Wall, R. L. and K. P. Clausen (1975) Carcinoma of the urinary bladder in patients receiving cyclophosphamide.New England J. Med. 293: 271 – 273.

    Google Scholar 

  247. Waters, M. D. and A. Auletta (1981) The GENE–TOX Program: Genetic activity evaluation.J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 21: 35 – 38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  248. Waters, M. D. , N. E. Garrett, C. M. Covonne-de Serres, B. E. Howard, and H. F. Stack (1983) Genetic toxicology of some known or suspected human carcinogens, In:Chemical Mutagens. Principles and Methods for Their DetectionVol. 8 ( F. J. de Serres and A. M. Hollaender, Eds. ), pp. 261 – 341, Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  249. Waxweiler, R. J. , W. Stringer, J. K. Wagoner, J. Jones, H. Falk, and C. Carter (1975) Neoplastic risk among workers exposed to vinyl chloride.Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 271: 40 – 48.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  250. Wester, P. 0. , D. Brune, and G. Nordberg (1981) Arsenic and selenium in lung, liver, and kidney tissue from dead smelter workers.Br. J. Ind. Med. 38: 179 – 184.

    Google Scholar 

  251. Whiting, R. F. , H. F. Stich, and D. J. Koropatnick (1979) DNA damage and DNA repair in cultured human cells exposed to chromate.Chem.-Biol. Interact. 26: 267 – 280.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  252. Wild, D. (1978) Cytogenetic effects in the mouse of 17 chemical mutagens and carcinogens evaluated by the micronucleus test.Mutation Res. 56: 319 – 327.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  253. Williams, G. M. (1978) Further improvements in the hepatocyte primary culture DNA repair test for carcinogens: Detection of carcinogenic biphenyl derivatives.Cancer Lett. 4: 69 – 75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  254. Wolf, P. H. , D. Andjelkovich, A. Smith, and H. Tyroler (1981) A case–control study of leukemia in the U. S. rubber industry.J. Qccup. Med. 23: 103 – 108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  255. Wyrobek, A. , L. Gordon, and G. Watchmaker (1981) In:Evaluation of Short-Term Tests for Carcinogenesis: Report of the International Collaborative Program, Progress in Mutation Research, Vol. 1 (F. J. de Serres and J. Ashby, Eds. ), pp. 712–717, Elsevier/North Elsevier North-Holland Biomedical Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  256. Young, C. L. (1978) Cancer Control Monograph, Diethylstilbestrol, Project 4418, SRI International, Stanford, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  257. Zavon, M. R. , U. Hoegg, and U. Bingham (1973) Benzidine exposure as a cause of bladder tumors.Arch. Environ. Health27: 1 – 7.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Genetic Toxicology Division Health Effects Research Laboratory, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA

    Michael D. Waters & Barry E. Howard

  2. Northrop Services, Inc, Environmental Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA

    Neil E. Garrett & H. Frank Stack

  3. Genetics Curriculum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA

    Christine M. Covone-de Serres

Authors
  1. Michael D. Waters
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Neil E. Garrett
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Christine M. Covone-de Serres
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Barry E. Howard
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. H. Frank Stack
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Harbor, Michigan, USA

    Ernest H. Y. Chu

  2. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennesse, USA

    Walderico M. Generoso

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1984 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Waters, M.D., Garrett, N.E., Covone-de Serres, C.M., Howard, B.E., Stack, H.F. (1984). Genetic Toxicology of 14 Agents Causally Associated with Cancer in Humans. In: Chu, E.H.Y., Generoso, W.M. (eds) Mutation, Cancer, and Malformation. Environmental Science Research, vol 31. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2399-0_29

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2399-0_29

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9463-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-2399-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation