Abstract
Macrophages develop from precursors in the bone marrow, circulate through the blood as monocytes, and are then widely distributed in lymphoid tissues, liver, and lungs as the mononuclear phagocyte system (van Furth, 1980). Apart from their role in host defense against infection, antigens, and irritants, macrophages destroy and remove abnormal cells and molecules and contribute to homeostasis in tissues. During the immune response to antigens and intracellular pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis the macrophage can become activated and acquire an enhanced ability to destroy these, unrelated microorganisms, and tumor cells. This type of activation depends on specific sensitization of T lymphocytes, but other pathways also stimulate the activity of the macrophage in inflammation. Macrophages are relatively long-lived cells, adapt readily to their local environment, and therefore display considerable heterogeneity in different sites and among themselves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adams, D. O., 1980, Effector mechanisms of cytolytically activated macrophages. I. Secretion of neutral proteases and effect of protease inhibitors, J. Immunol. 124:286.
Adams, D. O., Kao, J.-J., Farb, R., and Pizzo, S. V., 1980, Effector mechanisms of cytolytically activated macrophages. II. Secretion of a cytolytic factor by activated macrophages and its relationship to secreted neutral proteases, J. Immunol. 124:293.
Adams, D. O., Marino, P. A., and Meltzer, M. S., 1981, Characterisation of genetic defects in macrophage tumoricidal capacity: Identification of murine strains with abnormalities in secretion of cytolytic factors and ability to bind neoplastic targets, J. Immunol.126: 1843.
Alitalo, K., Hovi, T., and Vaheri, A., 1980, Fibronectin is produced by human macrophages, J. Exp. Med. 151:602.
Aswanikumar, S., Schiffman, E., Corcoran, B. A., and Wahl, S. M., 1976, Role of a peptidase in phagocyte chemotaxis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73:2439.
Austyn, J. M., and Gordon, S., 1981, F4/80, a monoclonal antibody directed specifically against the mouse macrophage, Eur. J. Immunol. 11:805.
Axline, S. G., and Cohn, Z. A., 1970, In vitro induction of lysosomal enzymes by phagocytosis, J. Exp. Med. 131:1239.
Banda, M. J., and Werb, Z., 1980a, Macrophage elastase degradation of immunoglobulins regulates binding to macrophage Fc receptors, Fed. Proc. 39:799.
Banda, M. J., and Werb, Z., 1980b, The role of macrophage elastase in the proteolysis of fibrinogen, plasminogen and fibronectin, Fed. Proc. 39:1756.
Banda, M. J., and Werb, Z., 1981, Mouse macrophage elastase: Purification and characterization as a metalloproteinase, Biochem. J. 193:589.
Barrett, A. J. (ed.), 1977, Proteinases in Mammalian Cells and Tissues, North-Holland, Amsterdam.
Barrett, A. J., and McDonald, J. K., 1980, Mammalian Proteases: A Glossary and Bibliography, Vol. 1, Academic Press, New York.
Beers, W. H., Strickland, S., and Reich, E., 1975, Ovarian plasminogen activator: Relationship to ovulation and hormonal regulation, Cell 6:387.
Bevilacqua, M. P., Amrani, D., Mosesson, M. W., and Bianco, C., 1981, Receptors for cold-insoluble globulin (plasma fibronectin) on human monocytes, J. Exp. Med. 153:42.
Bianco, C., Eden, A., and Cohn, Z. A., 1976, The induction of macrophage spreading: Role of coagulation factors and the complement system, J. Exp. Med. 144:1531.
Bianco, C., Gotze, O., and Cohn, Z. A., 1979, Regulation of macrophage migration by products of the complement system, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76:888.
Bonney, R. J., Gery, I., Lin, T.-Y., Meyenhofer, M. F., Acevedo, W., and Davies, P., 1978, Mononuclear phagocytes from carrageenan-induced granulomas: Isolation, cultivation and characterization, J. Exp. Med. 148:261.
Bozdech, M. J., and Bainton, D. F., 1981, Identification of a-naphthyl butyrate esterases as a plasma membrane ectoenzyme of monocytes and as a discrete intracellular membrane-bounded organelle in lymphocytes, J. Exp. Med. 153:182.
Brade, V., and Bentley, C., 1980, Synthesis and release of complement components by macrophages, in: Mononuclear Phagocytes: Functional Aspects (R. van Furth, ed.), p. 1385, Nijhoff, The Hague.
Burger, M. M., 1970, Proteolytic enzymes initiating cell division and escape from contact inhibition of growth, Nature (London) 227:170.
Cammer, W., Bloom, B. R., Norton, W. T., and Gordon, S., 1978, Degradation of basic protein in myelin by proteases secreted by activated macrophages: A possible mechanism of inflammatory demyelination, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75:1554.
Campbell, E. J., White, R. R., Senior, R. M., Rodrigues, R. J., and Kuhn, C., 1979, Receptor- mediated binding and internalization of leukocyte elastase by alveolar macrophages in vitro, J. Clin. Invest. 64:824.
Chang, J., Wigley, F., and Newcombe, D., 1980, Neutral protease activation of peritoneal macrophage prostaglandin synthesis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:4736.
Chao, P., Francis, L., and Atkins, E., 1977, The release of an endogenous pyrogen from guinea pig leukocytes in vitro: A new model for investigating the role of lymphocytes in fevers induced by antigen in hosts with delayed hypersensitivity, J. Exp. Med. 145:1288.
Chapman, H. A., Jr., Vavrin, Z., and Hibbs, J. B., Jr., 1979, Modulation of plasminogen activator secretion by activated macrophages: Influence of serum factors and correlation with tumoricidal potential, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76:3899.
Choppin, P. W., and Compans, R., 1975, Reproduction of paramyxoviruses, in: Comprehensive Virology (H. Fraenkel-Conrat and R. R. Wagner, eds.), Vol. 4, p. 95.
Chou, J. N., Roblin, R. O., and Black, P. H., 1977, Calcium-stimulation of plasminogen activator secretion/production by Swiss 3T3 cells, J. Biol. Chem. 252:6256.
Christman, J. K., Silverstein, S. C., and Acs, G., 1977, Plasminogen activators, in: Proteinases in Mammalian Cells and Tissues (A. J. Barrett, ed.), p. 91, North-Holland, Amsterdam.
Clark, R. A., Stone, P. J., Hag, A. W., Calore, J. D., and Franzblau, C., 1981, Myeloperoxidase- catalysed inactivation of al protease inhibitor by human neutrophils, J. Biol. Chem. 256:3348.
Cohn, Z. A., 1978, The activation of mononuclear phagocytes: Fact, fancy and future, J. Immunol. 121:813.
Collen, D., 1976, Identification and some properties of a new fast-reacting plasmin inhibitor in human plasma, Eur. J. Biochem. 69:209.
Colten, H. R., 1976, Biosynthesis of complement, Adv. Immunol. 22:67.
Colvin, R. B., and Dvorak, H. F., 1975, Fibrinogen/fibrin on the surface of macrophages: Detection, distribution, binding requirements and possible role in macrophage adherence phenomena, J. Exp. Med. 142:1377.
Colvin, R. B., Johnson, R. A., Mitrim, M. C., Jr., and Dvorak, H. F., 1973, Role of clotting system in cell-mediated hypersensitivity. I. Fibrin deposition in delayed skin reactions in man, J. Exp. Med. 138:686.
Dano, K., and Reich, E., 1975, Inhibitors of plasminogen activation, in: Proteases and Biological Control (E. Reich, D. B. Rifkin, and E. Shaw, eds.), p. 357, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York.
David, J. R., Remold, H. G., Higgins, T. J., Lin, D. Y., and Churchill, W. H., 1980, MIF/MAF-macrophage interactions: Biochemical characterization of a putative glycolipid receptor for MIF and the existence and properties of two distinct MIFs, in: Mononuclear Phagocytes: Functional Aspects (R. van Furth, ed.), p. 527, Nijhoff, The Hague.
Davies, P., and Allison, A. C., 1976, Secretion of macrophage enzymes in relation to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation, in: Immunobiology of the Macrophage (D. S. Nelson, ed.), p. 428, Academic Press, New York.
Debanne, M. T., Bell, R., and Dolovich, J., 1975, Uptake of proteinase a2 macroglobulin complexes by alveolar macrophages, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 411:295.
De Cremoux, H., Hornebeck, W., Jaurand, M.-C., Bignam, J., and Robert, L., 1978, Partial characterization of an elastase-like enzyme secreted by human and monkey alveolar macrophages, J. Pathol. 125:171.
Deutsch, D. G., and Mertz, E. T., 1970, Plasminogen: Purification from human plasma by affinity chromatography, Science 170:1095.
Dinarello, C. A., 1979, Production of endogenous pyrogen, Fed. Proc. 38:52.
Dolovich, J., Debanne, M. T., and Bell, R., 1975, The role of alpha-l-antitrypsin and alpha-macroglobulins in the uptake of proteinase by rabbit alveolar macrophages, Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 112:521.
Dvorak, H. F., Orenstein, N. S., Rypysc, J., Colvin, R. B., and Dvorak, A. M., 1978, Plasminogen activator of guinea pig basophilic leukocytes: Probable localization to the plasma membrane, J. Immunol. 120:766.
Eaves, A. C., and Bruce, W. R., 1974, In vitro production of colony-stimulating activity. I. Exposure of mouse peritoneal cells to endotoxin, Cell Tissue Kinet. 7:19.
Edelson, P. J., and Cohn, Z. A., 1974, Effects of concanavalian A on mouse peritoneal macrophages. I. Stimulation of endocytic activity and inhibition of phagolysosome formation, J. Exp. Med. 140:1364.
Ezekowitz, R. A. B., Stahl, P. D., Austyn, J. M., and Gordon, S., 1981, Surface properties of BCG- activated mouse macrophages: Reduced expression of mannose-specific endocytosis, Fc receptors and antigen F4/80 accompanies induction of la, J. Exp. Med. 154:60.
Friedland, J., Setton, C., and Silverstein, E., 1977, Angiotensin converting enzyme: Induction by steroids in rabbit alveolar macrophages in culture, Science 197:64.
Friedland, J., Setton, C., and Silverstein, E., 1978, Induction of angiotensin converting enzyme in human monocytes in culture, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 83:843.
Geczy, C. L., and Hopper, K. E., 1981, A mechanism of migration inhibition in delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. II. Lymphokines promote procoagulant activity of macrophages in vitro, J. Immunol. 126:1059.
Goldfarb, R. H., and Quigley, J. P., 1980, Purification of plasminogen activator from Rous sarcoma virus transformed chick embryo fibroblasts treated with the tumour promoter phorbol 12-myristic-13-acetate, Biochemistry 19:5463.
Gordon, S., 1978, Assays for macrophage activation and secretion products, in: Handbook of Experimental Imounology, Vol. 33 (D. M. Weir, ed.), 3rd ed., p. 1, Blackwell, Oxford.
Gordon, S., and Cohn, Z., 1978, Bacille Calmette-Guerin infection in the mouse: Regulation of macrophage plasminogen activator by T lymphocytes and specific antigen, J. Exp. Med. 147:1175.
Gordon, S., and Werb, Z., 1976, Secretion of macrophage neutral proteinase is enhanced by colchicine, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73:872.
Gordon, S., Todd, J., and Cohn, Z., 1974a, In vitro synthesis and secretion of lysozyme by mononuclear phagocytes, J. Exp. Med. 139:1228.
Gordon, S., Unkeless, J. C., and Cohn, Z. 1974b, Induction of macrophage plasminogen activator by endotoxin stimulation and phagocytosis: Evidence for a two-stage process, J. Exp. Med. 140:995.
Gotze, O., Bianco, C., Sundsmo, J. S., and Cohn, Z. A., 1980, The stimulation of mononuclear phagocytes by components of the classical and the alternative pathways of complement activation, in: Mononuclear Phagocytes: Functional Aspects (R. van Furth, ed.), p. 1421, Nijhoff, The Hague.
Granelli-Piperno, A., and Reich, E., 1978, A study of proteases and protease-inhibitor complexes in biological fluids, J. Exp. Med. 148:223.
Granelli-Piperno, A., Vassalli, J.-D., and Reich, E., 1977, Secretion of plasminogen activator by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes: Modulation by glucocorticoids and other efectors, J. Exp. Med. 146:1693.
Greineder, D. K., Conmorton, K. J., and David, J., 1979, Plasminogen activator production by human monocytes. I. Enhancement by activated lymphocytes and lymphocyte products, J. Immunol. 123:2808.
Gudewicz, P. W., Molnar, J., Lai, M. Z., Beezhold, D. W., Siefring, G. E., Credo, R. B., and Lorand, L., 1980, Fibronectin-mediated uptake of gelatin-coated latex particles by peritoneal macrophages, J. Cell Biol. 87:427.
Guilbert, L.-T., and Stanley, E. R., 1980, Specific interaction of murine colony-stimulating factor with mononuclear phagocytic cells, J. Cell Biol. 185:153.
Hamilton, J. A., and Slywka, J., 1981, Stimulation of human synovial fibroblast plasminogen activator production by mononuclear cell supernatants, J. Immunol. 126:851.
Hamilton, J., Vassalli, J.-D., and Reich, E., 1976, Macrophage plasminogen activator: Induction by asbestos is blocked by anti-inflammatory steroids, J. Exp. Med. 144:1689.
Hamilton, J. A., Stanley, E. R., Burgess, A. W., and Shadduck, R. K., 1980, Stimulation of macrophage plasminogen activator production by colony stimulating factors, J. Cell. Physiol. 103:435.
Hauser, P., and Vaes, G., 1978, Degradation of cartilage proteoglycans by a neutral proteinase secreted by rabbit bone marrow macrophages in culture, Biochem. J. 172:275.
Hauser, P., and Vaes, G., 1979, Antigen or mitogen provoked spleen cells produce factors that stimulate the secretion by macrophages of a neutral proteinase degrading cartilage proteoglycans, Biochem. J. 180:249.
Hayashi, H., 1975, The intracellular neutral SH-dependent protease associated with inflammatory reactions, Int. Rev. Cytol. 40:101.
Heck, L. W., Remold, E., O’Donnell, I., and Remold, H. G., 1978, DFP-sensitive polypeptides of the guinea pig peritoneal macrophage, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 83:1576.
Hirsch, S., Austyn, J. M., and Gordon, S., 1981, Expression of the macrophage-specific antigen F4/80 during differentiation of mouse bone marrow cells in culture, J. Exp. Med. 154:713.
Hopper, K. E., Geczy, C., and Davies, W. A., 1981, A mechanism of migration inhibition in delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. I. Fibrin deposition on the surface of elicited peritoneal macrophages in vivo, J. Immunol. 126:1052.
Horwitz, A. L., and Crystal, R. G., 1976, Collagenase from rabbit pulmonary alveolar macrophages, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 69:296.
Horwitz, A. L., Kelman, J. A., and Crystal, R. G., 1976, Activation of alveolar macrophage collagenase by a neutral protease secreted by the same cell, Nature (London) 264:772.
Hovi, T., 1981, Increased secretion of plasminogen activator by human macrophages after exposure to leukocyte interferon, FEBS Lett. 129:233.
Hovi, T., Mosher, D., and Vaheri, A., 1978, Cultured human monocytes synthesize and secrete a2-macroglobulin, J. Exp. Med. 145:1580.
Jaken, S., and Black, P. H., 1979, Differences in intracellular distribution of plasminogen activator in growing, confluent and transformed 3T3 cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76:246.
Janoff, A., Rosenberg, R., and Galdston, M., 1971, Elastase-like, esteroprotease activity in human and rabbit alveolar macrophage granules, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 136:1054.
Johnston, R. B., Jr., Chadwick, D. A., and Pabst, M. J., 1980, Release of superoxide anion by macrophages: Effect of in vivo or in vitro priming, in: Mononuclear phagocytes: Functional Aspects (R. van Furth, ed.), p. 1143, Nijhoff, The Hague.
Johnston, R. B., Jr., Chadwick, D. A., and Cohn, Z., 1981, Priming of macrophages for enhanced oxidative metabolism by exposure to proteolytic enzymes, J. Exp. Med. 153:1678.
Jones, P. A., and Scott-Burden, T., 1979, Activated macrophages digest the extracellular matrix proteins produced by cultured cells, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 86:71.
Jones, P. A., and Werb, Z., 1980, Degradation of connective tissue matrixes by macrophages. II. Influence of matrix composition on proteolysis of glycoproteins, elastin, and collagen by macrophages in culture, J. Exp. Med. 152:1527.
Kaplan, J., 1981, Polypeptide-binding membrane receptors: Analysis and classification, Science 212:14.
Kaplan, J., and Neilson, M. L., 1979a, Analysis of macrophage surface receptors. I. Binding of α- macroglobulin-protease complexes to rabbit alveolar macrophages, J. Biol. Chem. 254:7323.
Kaplan, J., and Neilson, M. L., 1979b, Analysis of macrophage surface receptors. II. Internalization of α-macroglobulin-trypsin complexes by rabbit alveolar macrophages, J. Biol. Chem. 254:7329.
Kettner, C., Shaw, E., White, R., and Janoff, A., 1981, The specificity of macrophage elastase on the insulin β-chain, Biochem. J. 195:369.
Kielian, M. C., and Cohn, Z. A., 1981, Phorbol myristate acetate stimulates phagosome-lysosome fusion in mouse macrophages, J. Exp. Med. 154:101.
Klimetzek, V., and Sorg, C., 1977, Lymphokine-induced secretion of plasminogen activator by murine macrophages, Eur. J. Immunol. 7:185.
Klimetzek, V., and Sorg, C., 1979, The production of fibrinolysis inhibitors as a parameter of the activation state in mouse macrophages, Eur. J. Immunol. 9:613.
Kung, J. T., Brooks, S. B., Jahway, J. P., Leonard, L. L., and Talmage, D. W., 1977, Suppression of in vitro cytotoxic response by macrophages due to induced arginase, J. Exp. Med. 146:665.
Kwaan, H. C., McFadzean, A. J. S., and Cook, J., 1956, Plasma fibrinolytic activity in cirrhosis of liver, Lancet 270:132.
Lavie, G., Zucker-Franklin, D., and Franklin, E. C., 1978, Degradation of serum amyloid A protein by surface-associated enzymes of human blood monocytes, J. Exp. Med. 148:1020.
Lavie, G., Zucker-Franklin, D., and Franklin, E. C., 1980, Elastase-type proteases on the surface of human blood monocytes: Possible role in amyloid formation, J. Immunol. 125:175.
Lin, H.-S., and Gordon, S., 1979, Secretion of plasminogen activator by bone marrow derived mononuclear phagocytes and its enhancement by colony stimulating factor, J. Exp. Med. 150:231.
Lin, H.-S., Gordon, S., Chen, D.-M., and Kurtz, M., 1981, Conversion of monocytes to cells capable of anchorage-independent growth in vitro, J. Exp. Med. 153:488.
Littman, B. H., and Ruddy, S., 1977, Production of the second component of complement by human monocytes: Stimulation by antigen-activated lymphocytes or lymphokines, J. Exp. Med. 145:1344.
Loskutoff, D. J., and Edgington, T., 1977, Synthesis of a fibrinolytic activator and inhibitor by endothelial cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74:3903.
McGuire, W. W., Spragg, R. G., Cohen, A. B., and Cochrane, C. G., 1981, Studies on the adult respiratory distress syndrome, J. Clin. Invest. 69:543.
Michl, J., Pieczonka, M. M., Unkeless, J. C., and Silverstein, S. C., 1979, Effects of immobilised immune complexes on Fc and complement receptor function in resident and thioglycolate- elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages, J. Exp. Med. 150:607.
Mizel, S. B., and Mizel, D., 1981, Purification to apparent homogeneity of murine interleukin 1, J. Immunol. 126:834.
Morgan, E. C., and Weigle, W. O., 1980, Regulation of Fc fragment induced murine spleen cell proliferation, J. Exp. Med. 151:1.
Morgan, E. C. and Weigle, W. O., 1981, Regulation of the immune response. III. The role of macrophages in the potentiation of the immune response by Fc fragments, J. Immunol. 126:1302.
Morrison, D. C., and Rudbach, J. A., 1980, Endotoxin-cell membrane interaction leading to transmembrane signaling, Contemp. Top. Mol. Immunol. 8:187.
Muller, W., Steinman, R. M., and Cohn, Z., 1980, Bidirectional flow between secondary lysosomes and plasma membrane, J. Cell Biol. 86:304.
Myatt, L., Bray, M. A., Gordon, D. A., and Morley, J., 1975, Macrophages on intrauterine contraceptive devices produce postglandins, Nature (London) 257:227.
Najjar, V. A., 1980, Biochemistry and physiology of tuftsin Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg, in: The Reticuloendothelial System: A Comprehensive Treatise, Vol. 2 ( A. J. Sbarra and R. R. Strauss, eds.), p. 45, Plenum Press, New York.
Nathan, C. F., 1980, The release of hydrogen peroxide from mononuclear phagocytes and its role in extracellular cytolysis, in Mononuclear Phagocytes: Functional Aspects ( R. van Furth, ed.), p. 1165, Nijhoff, The Hague.
Nathan, C. F., and Root, R. K., 1977, Hydrogen peroxide release from mouse peritoneal macrophages: Dependence on sequential activation and triggering, J. Exp. Med. 148:1648.
Neumann, C., and Sorg, C., 1980, Sequential expression of functions during macrophage differentiation in murine bone marrow liquid cultures, Eur. J. Immunol. 10:834.
Neurath, H., and Walsh, K. A., 1976, Role of proteolytic enzymes in biological regulation (A review), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73:3825.
Newman, W., Gordon, S., Hammerling, U., Senik, A., and Bloom, B. R., 1978, Production of migration inhibition factor (MIF) and an inducer of plasminogen activator (IPA) by subsets of T cells in MLC, J. Immunol. 126:127.
Nieuwenhuizen, W., Wijngaards, G., and Groeneveld, E., 1977, Fluorogenic peptide amide substrates for the estimation of plasminogen activators and plasmin, Anal. Biochem. 83:143.
Nogueira, N., Gordon, S., and Cohn, Z. A., 1977a, Trypanosoma cruzi: Modification of macrophage function during infection, J. Exp. Med. 146:157.
Nogueira, N., Gordon, S., and Cohn, Z. A., 1977b, Trypanosoma cruzi—The immunological induction of macrophage plasminogen activator requires thymus-derived lymphocytes, J. Exp. Med. 146:172.
Nolan, J. C., Ridge, S., Oronsky, A. C., Slakey, L. L., and Kerwar, S. S., 1978, Synthesis of a collagenase inhibitor by smooth muscle cells in culture, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 83:1183.
O’Donnell-Tormey, J., and Quigley, J. P., Inhibition of plasminogen activator release from transformed chick fibroblasts by a protease inhibitor, Cell 27:85.
Opie, E. L., 1905, Enzymes and antienzymes of inflammatory exudates, J. Exp. Med. 7:316.
Overwein, B., Neumann, C., and Sorg, C., 1980, Hoppe-Seyler’s Z., Physiol. Chem. 361:1251.
Passwell, J. H., Dayer, J.-M., Gass, K., and Edelson, P. J., 1980, Regulation by Fc fragments of the secretion of collagenase, PGE2 and lysozyme by mouse peritoneal macrophages, J. Immunol. 125:910.
Pestel, J., Joseph, M., Dessaint, J. P., and Capron, A., 1981, Macrophage triggering by aggregated immunoglobulins. 1. Delayed effect of IgG aggregates or immune complexes, J. Immunol. 126:1887.
Phaire-Washington, L., Wang, E., and Silverstein, S. C., 1980, Phorbol myristate acetate stimulates pinocytosis and membrane spreading in mouse macrophages, J. Cell Biol. 86:634.
Postlethwaite, A. E., Keski-Oja, J., Balian, G., and Kang, A. H., 1981, Induction of fibroblast chemotaxis by fibronectin: Localisation of the chemotactic region to a 140 mw non gelatin binding fragment, J. Exp. Med. 153:494.
Potter, M., 1973, The developmental history of the neoplastic plasma cell in mice: A brief review of recent developments, Semin. Hematoi. 10:19.
Prydz, H., and Allison, A. C., 1978, Tissue thromboplastin activity of isolated human monocytes, Thromb. Hemostasis 39:582.
Quigley, J. P., 1976, Association of a protease (plasminogen activator) with a specific membrane fraction from transformed cells, J. Cell Biol. 71:472.
Quigley, J. P., 1979, Phorbol ester-induced morphological changes in transformed chick fibroblasts: Evidence for direct catalytic involvement of plasminogen activator, Cell 17:131.
Rabinovitch, M., 1975, Macrophage spreading in vitro, in: Mononuclear Phagocytes in Infection, Immunity and Pathology (R. van Furth, ed.), p. 369, Blackwell, Oxford.
Ragsdale, C. G., and Arend, W. P., 1979, Neutral protease secretion by human monocytes: Effect of surface bound complexes, J. Exp. Med. 149:954.
Ralph, P., 1980, Function of macrophage cell lines, in: Mononuclear Phagocytes: Functional Aspects (R. van Furth, ed.), p. 439, Nijhoff, The Hague.
Reich, E., Rifkin, D. B., and Shaw, E. (eds.), 1975, Proteases and Biological Control, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York.
Remold, H. G., 1974, The enhancement of MIF activity by inhibition of macrophage associated esterases, J. Immunol. 112:1571.
Remold-O’Donnell, E., 1980, A macrophage component glycoprotein of molecular weight 160D: A major trypsin sensitive surface glycoprotein, J. Exp. Med. 152:1699.
Richardson, D. L., Pepper, D. J., and Kay, A. B., 1976, Chemotaxis for human monocytes by fibrinogen-derived peptides, Br. J. Haematol. 32:507.
Rifkin, D. B., and Crowe, R. M., 1977, A sensitive assay for elastase employing radioactive elastin coupled to Sepharose, Anal. Biochem. 79:268.
Rodriquez, R. J., White, R. R., Senior, R. M., and Levine, E. A., 1977, Elastase release from human alveolar macrophages: Comparison between smokers and non-smokers, Science 198:313.
Rojas-Espinoza, O., Arche-Paredez, P., Dannenberg, A. M., and Kamenetz, R. L., 1975, Macrophage esterase: Identification, purification and properties of a chymotrypsin-like esterase from lung that hydrolyses and transfers nonpolar amino acid esters, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 403:161.
Rouzer, C., Scott, W. A., and Cohn, Z., 1980, Dynamics of leukotriene C production by macrophages, J. Exp. Med. 152:1236.
Schnyder, J., and Baggiolini, M., 1978, Role of phagocytosis in the activation of macrophages, J. Exp. Med. 148:1449.
Schnyder, J., and Baggiolini, M., 1980, Macrophage activation in vitro by phagocytosis, in: Mononuclear Phagocytes: Functional Aspects (R. van Furth, ed.), p. 1579, Nijhoff, The Hague.
Schorlemmer, H. U., and Allison, A. C., 1976, Effects of activated complement components on enzyme secretion by macrophages, Immunology 31:781.
Seifert, S. C., and Gelehrter, T., 1978, Mechanism of dexamethasone inhibition of plasminogen activator in rat hepatoma cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75:6140.
Silverstein, S. C., Steinman, R. M., and Cohn, Z. A., 1977, Endocytosis, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 46:699.
Smith, T. J., and Wagner, R. R., 1967, Rabbit macrophage interferons. 1. Conditions for biosynthesis by virus-infected and uninfected cells, J. Exp. Med. 125:559.
Solomon, J. A., Chou, I.-N., Schroder, E. W., and Black, P. H., 1980, Evidence for membrane association of plasminogen activator activity in mouse macrophages, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 94:480.
Stahl, P., Schlesinger, P. H., Sigardson, E., Rodman, J. S., and Lee, Y. C., 1980, Receptor mediated pinocytosis of mannose glycoconjugates by macrophages: Characterization and evidence for receptor recycling, Cell 19:207.
Strickland, S., Reich, E., and Sherman, M. I., 1976, Plasminogen activator in early embryogenesis: Enzyme production by trophoblast and parental endoderm, Cell 9:213.
Thompson, J., and van Furth, R., 1973, The effects of glucocorticosteroids on proliferation and kinetics of promonocytes and monocytes of the bone marrow, J. Exp. Med. 137:10.
Unkeless, J. C., 1979, Characterization of monoclonal antibody directed against mouse macrophage and lymphocyte Fc receptors, J. Exp. Med. 150:580.
Unkeless, J. C., Tobia, A., Ossowski, L., Quigley, J. P., Rifkin, D. B., and Reich, E., 1973, An enzymatic function associated with transformation of fibroblasts by oncogenic viruses. I. Chick embryo fibroblast cultures transformed by avian RNA tumour virures, J. Exp. Med. 137:85.
Unkeless, J. C., Gordon, S., and Reich, E., 1974, Secretion of plasminogen activator by stimulated macrophages, J. Exp. Med. 139:834.
Van der Meer, J. W. M., Bulterman, D., van Zwet, T. L., Elzenga-Claasen, I., and van Furth, R., 1978, Culture of mononuclear phagocytes on a Teflon surface to prevent adherence, J. Exp. Med. 147:271.
van Furth, R. (ed.), 1980, Mononuclear Phagocytes: Functional Aspects, Nijhoff, The Hague.
Van Ginkel, C. J. W., Van Aken, W. G., Oh, J. I. H., and Vreeken, J., 1977, Stimulation of monocyte procoagulant activity by adherence to different surfaces, Br. J. Haematol. 37:35.
Van Leuven, F., Cassiman, J.-T., and Van den Berghe, H., 1980, Primary amines inhibit recycling of α2M receptors in fibroblasts, Cell 20:37.
Vassalli, J.-D., and Reich, E., 1977, Macrophage plasminogen activator: Induction by products of activated lymphoid cells, J. Exp. Med. 145:429.
Vassalli, J.-D., Hamilton, J., and Reich, E., 1976, Macrophage plasminogen activator: Modulation of enzyme production by anti-inflammatory steroids, mitotic inhibitors and cyclic nucleotides, Cell 8:271.
Vassalli, J.-D., Hamilton, J., and Reich, E., 1977, Macrophage plasminogen activator: Induction by concanavalin A and phorbol myristate acetate, Cell 11:695.
Vassalli, J. D., Granelli-Piperno, A., Griscelli, C., and Reich, E., 1978, Specific protease deficiency in polymorphonuclear leukocytes of Chediak-Higashi syndrome in beige mice, J. Exp. Med. 147:1285.
Vetterlein, D., Yount, P. L., Bell, T. E., and Roblin, R., 1979, Immunological characterization by multiple molecular weight forms of human cell plasminogen activators, J. Biol. Chem. 254:575.
Vischer, T.-L., and Berger, D., 1980, Activation of macrophages to produce neutral proteinases by endocytosis of α2-macroglobulin-trypsin complexes, J. Reticuloendothel. Soc. 28:427.
Wahl, L. M., Wahl, S. M., Mergenhagen, S. E., and Martin, G. R., 1974, Collagenase production by endotoxin-activated macrophages, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 71:3598.
Wahl, L. M., Wahl, S. M., Mergenhagen, S. E., and Martin, G. R., 1975, Collagenase production by lymphokine-activated macrophages, Science 187:261.
Werb, Z., 1978a, Biochemical action of glucocorticoids on macrophages in culture: Specific inhibition of elastase, collagenase and plasminogen activator secretion and effects on other metabolic functions, J. Exp. Med. 147:1695.
Werb, Z., 1978b, Pathways for the modulation of macrophage collagenase activity, in: Mechanisms of Localized Bone Loss, Special supplement to Calcif. Tissue Abstr. 213.
Werb, Z., 1980, Hormone receptors and hormonal regulation of macrophage physiological functions, in: Mononuclear Phagocytes: Functional Aspects (R. van Furth, ed.), p. 809, Nijhoff, The Hague.
Werb, Z., and Aggeler, J., 1978, Proteases induce secretion of collagenase and plasminogen activator by fibroblasts, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75:1839.
Werb, Z., and Gordon, S., 1975a, Secretion of a specific collagenase by stimulated macrophages, J. Exp. Med. 142:346.
Werb, Z., and Gordon, S., 1975b, Elastase secretion by stimulated macrophages: Characterization and regulation, J. Exp. Med. 142:361.
Werb, Z., and Reynolds, J. J., 1974, Stimulation by endocytosis of the secretion of collagenase and neutral proteinase from rabbit synovial fibroblasts, J. Exp. Med. 140:1482.
Werb, Z., Mainardi, C. L., Vater, C. A., and Harris, E. D., Jr., 1977, Endogenous activation of latent collagenase by rheumatoid synovial cells: Evidence for a role of plasminogen activator, N. Engl. J. Med. 296:1017.
Werb, Z., Foley, R., and Munck, A., 1978a, Interaction of glucocorticoids with macrophages: Identification of glucocorticoid receptors in monocytes and macrophages, J. Exp. Med. 147:1684.
Werb, Z., Foley, R., and Munck, A., 1978b, Glucocorticoid receptors and glucocorticoid-sensitive secretion of neutral proteinases in a macrophage line, J. Immunol. 121:115.
Werb, Z., Banda, M. J., and Jones, P. A., 1980a, Degradation of connective tissue matrixes by macrophages. I. Proteolysis of elastin, glycoproteins, and collagen by proteinases isolated from macrophages, J. Exp. Med. 152:1340.
Werb, Z., Bainton, D. F., and Jones, P. A., 1980b, Degradation of connective tissue matrixes by macrophages. III. Morphological and biochemical studies on extracellular, pericellular and intra-cellular events in matrix proteolysis by macrophages in culture, J. Exp. Med. 152:1537.
Whaley, K., 1980, Biosynthesis of the complement components and the regulatory proteins of the alternative complement pathway by human peripheral blood monocytes, J. Exp. Med. 151:501.
White, R., Lin, H.-S., and Kuhn, C., 1977, Elastase secretion by peritoneal exudative and alveolar macrophages, J. Exp. Med. 142:802.
White, R., Norby, D., Janoff, A., and Dearing, R., 1980, Partial purification and characterization of mouse peritoneal exudative macrophage elastase, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 612:233.
White, R., Habicht, G. S., Godfrey, H. P., Janoff, A., Barton, E., and Fox, C., 1981, Secretion of elastase and armacroglobulin by cultured murine peritoneal macrophages: Studies on their interaction, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 97:718.
Wiener, E., and Levanon, D., 1968, Macrophage cultures: An extracellular esterase, Science 159:217.
Wigler, M., and Weinstein, I. B., 1976, Tumour promoter induces plasminogen activation, Nature (London) 259:232.
Wigler, M., Ford, J. P., and Weinstein, I. B., 1975, Glucocorticoid inhibition of the fibrinolytic activity of tumor cells, in: Proteases in Biological Control (E. Reich, D. B. Rifkin, and E. Shaw, eds.), p. 849, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York.
Willingham, M. C, Maxfield, F. R., and Pastan, I. H., 1979, α2 macroglobulin binding to the plasma membrane of cultured fibroblasts, J. Cell Biol. 82:614.
Wiman, B., and Collen, D., 1978, Molecular mechanisms of physiological fibrinolysis, Nature 279:549.
Yamada, K. W., and Olden, K., 1978, Fibronectins—Adhesive glycoproteins of cell surface and blood, Nature (London) 275:179.
Yin, H. L., Aley, S., Bianco, C., and Cohn, Z. A., 1980, Plasma membrane polypeptides of resident and activated mouse peritoneal macrophages, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:2188.
Yurt, R., and Austen, K. F., 1977, Preparative purification of the rat mast cell chymase: Characterization and interaction with granule components, J. Exp. Med. 146:1405.
Zimmerman, M., Quigley, J. P., Ashe, B., Dorn, C., Goldfarb, R., and Troll, W., 1978, Direct fluorescent assay of urokinase and plasminogen activators of normal and malignant cells: Kinetics and inhibitor profiles, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75:750.
Additional References
Baker, J. B., Low, D. A., Simmer, R. L., and Cunningham, D. D., 1980, Protease-nexin: A cellular component that links thrombin and plasminogen activator and mediates their binding to cells, Cell 21:37.
Banda, M. J., Clark, E. J., and Werb, Z., 1983, Selective proteolysis of immunoglobulins by mouse macrophage elastase, J. Exp. Med. 157:1184.
Becker, D., Ossowski, O. L., and Reich, E., 1981, Induction of plasminogen activator synthesis by antibodies, J. Exp. Med. 154:385.
Chapman, H. A., Jr., Vavrin, Z., and Hibbs, J. B., Jr., 1982, Macrophage fibrinolytic activity: Identification of two pathways of plasmin formation by intact cells and of a plasminogen activator inhibitor, Cell 28:653.
Collen, D., Stassen, J. M., and Verstraete, M., 1983, Thrombolysis with human extrinsic (tissue- type) plasminogen activator in rabbits with experimental jugular vein thrombosis: Effect of molecular form and dose of activator, age of the thrombus and route of administration, J. Clin. Invest. 71:368.
Edgington, T. S., Levy, G. A., Schwartz, B. S., and Fair, D. S., 1981, A unidirectional pathway of lymphocyte-instructed macrophage and monocyte function characterized by the generation of procoagulant monokines, in: Advances of Immunopathology (L. Weigle, ed.), pp. 173–196, Elsevier/North-Holland, Amsterdam.
Edlund, T., Ny, T., Ranby, M., Heder, L. O., Palm, G., Holmgren, E., and Josephson, S., 1983, Isolation of cDNA sequences coding for a part of human tissue plasminogen activator, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 80:349.
Hamilton, J. A., 1983, Glucocorticoids and prostaglandins inhibit the induction of macrophage DNA synthesis by macrophage growth factor and phorbol ester, J. Cell. Physiol, 115:67.
Hamilton, J. A., and Dienstman, S. R., 1981, Induction of macrophage DNA synthesis by phorbol esters, J. Cell. Physiol. 106:445.
Haylaerts, M., Rijken, D. C., Lijnen, H. R., and Collen D., 1982, Kinetics of the activation of plasminogen by human tissue plasminogen activator: Role of fibrin, J. Biol. Chem. 257:2912.
Hoal, E. G., Wilson, E. L., and Dowdle, E. B., 1983, The regulation of tissue plasminogen activator activity by human fibroblasts, Cell 34:273.
Hume, D. A., and Gordon, S., 1983a, The correlation between plasminogen activator activity and thymidine incorporation in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages: Opposing actions of colony stimulating factor, phorbol myristate acetate, dexamethasone and prostaglandin E, Exp. Cell Res. 150:347.
Hume, D. A., and Gordon, S., 1983b, Mononuclear phagocyte system of the mouse defined by immunohistochemical localization of antigen F4/80: Identification of resident macrophages in renal medullary and cortical interstitium and the juxtaglomerular complex, J. Exp. Med. 157:1704.
Hume, D. A., Perry, V. H., and Gordon, S., 1983, Immunohistochemical localization of a macrophage-specific antigen in developing mouse retina: Phagocytosis of dying neurones and differentiation of microglial cells to form a regular array in the plexiform layers, J. Cell Biol. 97:253.
Keski-Oja, J., and Valieri, A., 1982, The cellular target for the plasminogen activator, urokinase in human fibroblasts—66000 dalton protein, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 720:141.
Knighton, D. R., Oredsson, S., Banda, M. J., Werb, Z., and Hunt, T. K., 1982, Hypoxia stimulates production of angiogenesis factor, plasminogen activator and growth factor by rabbit bone marrow macrophages, Fed. Proc. 41:270.
Le Maire, G., Draper, J. C., and Petit, J. F., 1983, Importance, localization and functional properties of the cell-associated form of plasminogen activator in mouse peritoneal macrophages, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 755:332.
Matsuo, O., Rijken, D. C., and Collen, D., 1981, Comparison of the relative fibrinogenolytic, fibrinolytic and thrombolytic properties of tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase in vitro, Thromb. Hemostasis 45:225.
Miller, C. L., Graziano, C. J., and Lim, R. C., 1982, Human monocyte plasminogen activator production: Correlation to altered Mφ-T lymphocyte interaction, J. Immunol. 128:2194.
Moonen, G., Grau-Wagemars, M. P., and Selak, I., 1982, Plasminogen activator-plasmin system and neuronal migration, Nature (London) 298:753.
Neumann, C., and Sorg, C., 1981, Independent induction of plasminogen activator and interferon in murine macrophages, J. Reticuloendothel. Soc. 30:79.
Neumann, C., and Sorg, C., 1983, Regulation of plasminogen activator secretion, interferon induction and proliferation in murine macrophages, Eur. J. Immunol. 13:143.
Nielson, L. S., Hansen, J. G., Skriver, L., Wilson, E. L., Kaltoft, K., Zeuther, J., and Danø, K., 1982, Purification of zymogen to plasminogen activator from human glioblastoma cells by affinity chromatography with monoclonal antibody, Biochemistry 21:6410.
Nielson, L. S., Hansen, J. G., Andrenson, P. A., Skriver, L., Danø, K., and Zeuther, J., 1983, Monoclonal antibody to human 66000 molecular weight plasminogen activator from melanoma cells: Specific enzyme inhibition and one-step affinity purification, EMBO J. 2:115.
Pennica, D., Holmes, W. E., Kohr, W. J., Harkins, R. N., Vehar, G. A., Ward, C. A., Bennett, W. F., Yelverton, E., Seeburg, P. H., Heyneker, H. L., and Goeddel, D. V., 1983, Cloning and expression of human tissue-type plasminogen activator cDNA in E. coli, Nature (London) 301:214.
Rijken, D. C., Wijngaards, G., and Welbergen, J., 1981, Immunological characterization of plasminogen activator activities in human tissues and body fluids, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 97:477.
Senior, R. M., Campbell, E. J., Londis, J. A., Cox, F. R., Kuhu, C., and Koren, H.-S., 1982, Elastase of U-937 monocyte-like cells: Comparisons with elastases derived from human monocytes and neutrophils and murine macrophage-like cells, J. Clin. Invest. 69:384.
Valinsky, J. E., Reich, E., and Le Douain, N. M., 1981, Plasminogen activator in the bursa of Fabricius: Correlations with morphogenetic remodelling and cell migrations, Cell 25:471.
Werb, Z., Banda, M. J., McKerrow, J. H., and Sandhaus, R. A., 1982, Elastases and elastin degradation, J. Invest. Dermatol. 79:1545.
Wilson, E. L., and Reich, E., 1978, Plasminogen activator in chick fibroblasts: Induction of synthesis by retinoic acid; synergism with viral transformation and phorbol ester, Cell 15:385.
Wilson, E. L., Becker, M. L. B., Hoal, E. G., and Dowdle, E. B., 1980, Molecular species of plasminogen activators secreted by normal and neoplastic human cells, Cancer Res. 40:933.
Wilson, E. L., Jacobs, P., and Dowdle, E. B., 1983, The secretion of plasminogen activators by human myeloid leukemic cells in vitro, Blood 61:568.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1985 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gordon, S., Ezekowitz, R.A.B. (1985). Macrophage Neutral Proteinases Nature, Regulation, and Role. In: Friedman, H., Escobar, M., Reichard, S.M., Filkins, J.P. (eds) The Reticuloendothelial System. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2353-2_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2353-2_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9441-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-2353-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive