Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Molecular Markers and the Manifestation of Metastasis

  • Chapter
Breast Cancer: Origins, Detection, and Treatment

Part of the book series: Developments in Oncology ((DION,volume 43))

Abstract

There are two ways to conceptualize tumor invasion and metastasis, which are the major causes of treatment failure for patients with malignancy. In one approach, the researcher classifies molecular or histological markers as manifestations of favorable factors. Such a conceptualization realizes that either the high expression of one set of parameters or the diminished presence of another set would suggest a low incidence of metastasis and good prognosis. The low efficiency of metastatic events would also be stressed. For example, an intravenous or subcutaneous injection of fifty-thousand mammary carcinoma cells into a Fisher rat (as in the case of experimental or spontaneous models for metastases) can result in fifty to a hundred colonies of lung metastasis. The experiment would be perceived as evidence for the rather low efficiency of metastatic success.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Nicolson, G.L., Poste, G. Int. Rev. Exp. Pathol. 25: 77–181, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Nicolson, G.L. Exp. Cell. Res. 150: 3–22, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Poste, G. and, Greig, R. Invasion Metastasis 2: 137–176, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Liotta, L.A., Am. J. Path., 2: 339–348, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Nicolson, G.L., and Poste, G. Curr. Probl. Cancer 7: 1–42, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Fidler, I.J., and Hart, I.R., Science 217: 998–1003, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Edgington, T.S., and Nakamura, R.M., In: Human Cancer Markers (Eds. S. Sell and B. Wahren ), Humana Press, Clifton, New Jersey, 1982, pp. 191–232.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Kerbel, R.S., Frost, P., Liteplo, R.G. and Fidler, I.J., Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 26: 394–395, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Coulson, P.B., Thornthwaite, J.T., Wooley, T.W., Sugarbaker, E.V., Seckinger, D., Canc. Res. 44: 4187–4196, 1984.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Nicolson, G.L. Cancer Metastasis Rev., 3: 25–42, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Sanchez, J., Varani, J., Wicha, M. and Miller, D. Proc. Am. Ass. Cane. Res. 26: 59 (233) 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  12. LaBiche, R.A., Frazier, M.L., Brock, W.A. and Nicolson, G.L., Proc. Am. Assoc. Cane. Res. 26: 48 (191) 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Olsson, L. and Forchhammer, J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 81: 3389–3393, 1984

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Goelz, S.E., Vogelstein, B., Hamilton, S.R. and Feinberg, A.P., Science, 228: 187–190, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Yamashina, K. and Heppner, G.H. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cane. Res. 26: 43 (169) 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Weitzman, S.A., Weitberg, A.B., Clark, E.P. and Stossel, T.P., Science 227: 1231–1233, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Kempf, R.A., Cebul, R.D. and Mitchell, M.S., J. Immunopharmacology 2: 509–525, 1980.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Whitehead, R.H., Monaghan, P., Webber, L.M., Bertoncello, I. and Vitali, A. J., Natl. Cane. Inst. 71: 1193–1203, 1983.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Hedley, D.W., Rugg, C.A., Ng, A.B.P. and Taylor, I.W., Canc. Res. 44: 5395–5398, 1984.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Frankfurt, O.S., Chin, J.L., Englander, L.S., Greco, W.R., Pontes, J.E. and Rustum, Y.M., Cane. Res. 45: 1418–1423, 1985.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Bettelheim, R., Penman, H.G., Thornton-Jones, H. and Neville, A.M., Br. J. Cancer 50: 771–777, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Davis, B.W., Gelber, R., Goldhirsch, A., Hartmann, W.H., Hollaway, L., Russell, I. and Rudenstam, C.M. Annual Report for the Ludwig Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Bettelheim, R., Mitchell, D. and Gusterson, B.A., J. Clin. Path. 37: 364–366, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Bogenman, E. and Jones, P.A., J. Natl. Cane. List. 71: 1177–1182, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Colombi, M., Barlati, S., Magdelenat. H. and Fiszer-Szafarz, B. Canc. Res. 44: 2971–2975, 1984.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Furmanski, P. Intern. Workshop on Monoclonal Antibodies and Breast Cancer, San Francisco, USA, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Del Rosso, M., Dini, G. and Fibbi, G. Cane. Res. 45: 630–636, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Vassalli, J.D., Baccino, D. and Belin, D. J. Cell Biol. 100: 86–92, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Yang, N.S., Park, C., Longley, C. and Furmanski, P., Mol. Cell. Biol. 3: 982–990, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Eisenbach, L., Segal, S. and Feldman, M., J. Natl. Cane. Inst. 74: 77–85, 1985.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Liotta, L.A., Thorglirsson, U.P., Garbisa, S. Cane. Metas. Rev. 1: 277–297, 1982.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Wirl, G. and Frick, J. Urol. Res. 7: 103, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Barsky, S.H., Siegal, G., Jannotta, F. and Liotta, L.A. Lab. Invest. 49: 140–148, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Fessler, L., Duncan, K., Fessler, J., Salo, T. and Tryggvason, K. J., Biol. Chem. (In press) 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Starkey, J.R., Hosick, H.L., Stanford, D.R. and Liggitt, H.D. Canc. Res. 44: 1585–1594, 1984.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Nakajima, M., Custead, S.E., Welch, D.R. and Nicolson, G.L. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cane. Res. 244: 162, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Baici, A., Gyger-Marazzi, M. and Strauli, P. Invasion Metastasis 4: 13–27, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Dabbous, M.Kn., Haney, L., Carter, L., Brinkley, Sr., Nakajima, M. and Nicolson, G.L. Fed. Proc. 44(5): 1430 (5958), 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Biswas, C. Fed. Proc. 44(4): 1337 (5419), 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Rifkin, D. and Moscatelli, D. Proc. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol. p. 587 (1765), 1984

    Google Scholar 

  41. Heisel, M., Laug, W.E. and Jones, P.A. J. Natl. Cane. Inst. 71: 1183–1187, 1983.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Eisenbach, L., Segal, S. and Feldman, M. J. Natl. Cane. Inst. 74: 83–93, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Bosmann, H.B. and Hall, T.C.. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 71: 1833–1837, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Koppel, P., Baici, A., Keist, R., Matzku, S. and Keller, R., Exp. Cell Biol. 52: 293–299, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Sloane, B.F., Bajkowski, A.S., Day, N.A., Honn, K.V. and Gissman, J.D. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 25: 4, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Recklies, A.D., White, C. and Poole, A.R., Proc. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol. 87a: (327), 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Kozlowski, K.A., Wezeman, F.H. and Schultz, R.M. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA 81: 1135–1139, 1984.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Unemori, E.N. and Werb, Z. Proc. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol. 86a: (322), 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Ng, R. and Keller, J.A. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cane. Res. 25: 53 (208), 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Rozhin, J., Crissman, J.D., Honn, K.V. and Sloane, B.F. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cane. Res. 26: 57 (226), 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Lee, D.C., Rose, T.M., Webb, N.R. and Todaro, G.J. Nature 313: 489 - 491, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Tokes, Z.A., Gendler, S.J. and Derm er, G.B. J. Supramol. Struct. Cell. Bio chem. 17: 69–77, 1981.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Gendler, S.J., Dermer, G.B., Silverman, L.M. and Tokes, Z.A. Canc. Res. 42: 4567–4573, 1982.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Gendler, S.J. and Tokes, Z.A. J. Cell. Biochem. 26: 157–167, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Neri, A. and Tokes, Z.A. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cane. Res. 26: 51 (203), 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Nakajima, M., Irimura, T., Di Ferrante, D., Di Ferrante, N., and Nicolson, G.L. Science 220: 611–613, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Nakajima, M., Irimura, T., Di Ferrante, N. and Nicolson, G.L. J. Biol. Chem. 259: 2283–2290, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Nakajima, M., Irimura, T., and Nicolson, G.L. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cane. Res. 26: 49 (192), 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Kramer, R.H., and Vogel, K.G. J. Natl. Cane. Inst. 72: 889–899, 1984.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Nakajima, M., Custead, S.E., Welch, D.R., and Nicolson, G.L. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cane. Res. 25: 62 (244), 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Turner, G.A., and Weiss, L. Invasion Metastasis 2: 361–368, 1982.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Thorgeirsson, U.P., Liotta, L.A., Kalebic, T., Margulies, I.M., Thomas, K., Rios- Candelore, M., and Russo, R.G. J. Natl. Cane. Inst. 69: 1049–1054, 1982.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Maslow, D.E. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cane. Res. 26: 51 (201), 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Carr, I., Levy, M. and Orr, K. Fed. Proc. 44(4): 913 (2937), 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Terranova, V.P., Rao, C.N., Kalebic, T., Margulies, I.M., and Liotta, L.A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA 80: 444–448, 1983.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Basara, M.L., McCarthy, J.B., Palm, S.L. and Furcht, L.T. Fed. Proc. 44 (4): 5418, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Schirrmacher, V., Altevogt, P., Fogel, M., Dennis, J., Waller, C.A., Barz, D., Schwartz, R., Cheingsong-Popov, R., Springer, G., Robinson, P.J., Nebe, T., Brossmer, W., Vlodavsky, I., Parveletz, N., Zimmermann, H.P., and Uhlenbruck, G. Invasion Metastasis 2: 313–360, 1982.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Tikes, Z.A., Gendler, S.J., Imam, A., Pullano, T.G. and Ross, K.L. In Cellular Oncology, New Approaches in Biology, Diagnosis and Treatment (Ed. P.J. Moley and G.L. Nicolson) Praeger Press, New York, pp. 28–62, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Edwards, P.A.W. Br. J. Cancer 51: 149–160, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Steck, P.A., and Nicolson, G.L. Exp. Cell Res. 147: 255–267, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Steck, P.A., and Nicolson, G.L. Transplant Proc. 16: 355–360, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Furmanski, P., Kirkland, W.L., Gargola, T., Rich, M.A., and the Breast Cancer Prognostic Study Clinical Associates. Canc. Res. 41: 4087–4092, 1981.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Gendler, S.J. and Tokes, Z.A., Breast Cane. Res. and Treat. 4: 353 (75), 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Gendler, S.J., and Tokes, Z.A., Cancer Res. (manuscript submitted), 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Garcia, M., Salazar-Retana, G., Richer, G., Domerque, J., Capony, F., Pujol, Laffarque, F., Pau, B., and Rochefort, H., J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 59: 564–566, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Garcia, M., Capony, F., Derocq, D., Simon, D., Pau, B., and Rochefort, H., Cane. Res. 45: 709–716, 1985.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Lotan, R., and Raz, A., Canc. Res. 43: 2088–2093, 1983.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Lotan, R., Lotan, D., and Raz, A. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cane. Res. 26: 53 (208), 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Neville, D.M. Invasion Metastasis 2: 2–11, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Halter, S.A., Fraker, L.D., Parmenter, M., Dupont, W.D. Oncology 41: 297–302, Laffarque, F., Pau, B. and Rochefort, H. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 59: 564 - 566, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Sirbasku, D.A., and Danielpour, D. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cane. Res. 26: 393–394

    Google Scholar 

  82. Mandler, R., Katz, D., Murano, G., Liotta, L. and Schiffman, E. Fed. Proc. 44 (4): 1337 (5420), 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Sporn, M.B., and Todaro, G.J. New Eng. J. Med. 303: 878–880, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Brodt, P., Parhar, R., Sankar, P. and Lala, P.K. Int. J. Canc. 35: 265–273, 1985.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Cam, Y., Bellon, G., Poulin, G., Caron, Y. and Birembout P. Invasion Metastasis 4: 61–72, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Dunnington, D.J., Kim, U., Hughes, C.M., Monagham, P., Ormerod, E.J., and Rudland, P.S. J. Natl. Cane. I ns. 72: 455–466, 1984.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Dunnington, D.J., Kim, U., Hughes, C.M., Monagham, P. and Rudland, P.S. Cane. Res. 44: 5338–5346, 1984.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Sawtelle, N.M., DiPersio, L., Michael, J.G., Pesce, A.J., and Weiss, M.A. Lab. Invest. 51: 225–232, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Shull, J.H., Javadpour, N., Soares, T. and DeMoss, E.V. J. Surg. One. 18: 193–196, 1981.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Sheikh, K.M.A., Quismario, F.A., Friou, G.J. and Lee, Y. Cancer 44: 2083–2089, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Imam, A., Drushella, M.M., Taylor, C.R. and Tokes, Z.A. Canc. Res. 45: 263–271, 1985.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Schlom, J., Wunderlich, D. and Teramoto, Y. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 77: 6841–6845, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Imam, A., Taylor, C.R. and Tokes, Z.A. Cane. Res. 44: 2016–2022, 1984.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Ceriani, R.L., Thompson, K., Peterson, J.A. and Abraham, S. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 74: 582–586, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Chang, S.E. and Taylor-Papadimitriou, J. Cell Differentiation 12: 143–154, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Imam, A., Taylor, C.R. and Tokes, Z.A. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cane. Res. 25: 251 (995), 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  97. Harris, A. Br. J. Canc. 50: 23–30, 1984.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Harris, A., Harris, M., Chrissohoou, M., Hudson, M., Swindell, R. and Sellwood, R.A. Int. Workshop on Monoclonal Antibodies and Breast Cancer, San Francisco, p. 139, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Basolo, F., Toniolo, A. and Squartini, F. Biennial Int. Breast Cancer Res. Conf. London, 6–06, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Steeg, P., Kalebic, T., Claysmith, A., Liotta, L., and Sobel, M. Fed. Proc. 44 (4): 1336 (5413), 1985.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA

    Zoltan A. Tokes

Authors
  1. Zoltan A. Tokes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. AMC Cancer Research Center, Denver, Colorado, USA

    Marvin A. Rich  & Jean Carol Hager  & 

  2. Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, UK

    Joyce Taylor-Papadimitriou

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1986 Martinus Nijhoff Publishing, Boston

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Tokes, Z.A. (1986). Molecular Markers and the Manifestation of Metastasis. In: Rich, M.A., Hager, J.C., Taylor-Papadimitriou, J. (eds) Breast Cancer: Origins, Detection, and Treatment. Developments in Oncology, vol 43. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2309-9_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2309-9_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9421-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-2309-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation