Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Developments in Oncology ((DION,volume 36))

Abstract

The increasing complexity of immunology has resulted in a widening of the gulf between research findings and their application in clinical practice. Therefore, a brief synopsis of fundamental immunology is given here [1] before discussing the immunology of the more common head and neck malignant tumors, with particular reference to oral squamous cell carcinoma.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Cawson RA, Scully C and Yap PL: Aids to immunology. New York, John Wiley, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Oettgen HF, Hellstrom KE: Tumor immunology. In: Holland JF, Frei E (eds) Cancer medicine. Philadelphia, Lea and Febiger, 1982, pp 1029–1067.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Old LJ: Cancer immunology: the search for specificity. Cancer Res 41:361–375, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Toto PD: Fluorescent antibody detection of CEA in oral squamous carcinoma. J Oral Med 34:45–46, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Meeker WR, Kashmiri R, Hunter L, Clapp W, Griffen WO: Clinical evaluation of carcino-embryonic antigen test. Arch Surg 107:266–274, 1973.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Silverman NA, Alexander JC, Chretien PB: CEA levels in head and neck cancer. Cancer 37:2204–2211, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Krause CJ, Nysather J, Mabe BF: Characterization of tumor antigen in epidermoid carcinoma. Ann Otol 84:787–792, 1975.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Ibrahim AN, Robinson RA, Marr L, Abdelae ATH, Nahmias AJ: Tumor-associated antigens in cervical cancer tissues and in sera from patients with cervical cancer or with head and neck cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 63:319–323, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Scully C: Lesional β2 microglobulin in oral squamous carcinoma and preneoplastic lesions. Dis Markers 1:43–48, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Scully C: Serum β2 microglobulin in oral malignancy and premalignancy. J Oral Pathol 10:354–357, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Prendergast RC, Toto PD, Gargiulo AW: Reactivity of blood group substances of neoplastic oral epithelium. J Dent Res 47:306–310, 1968.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Dabelsteen E, Fulling HJ: A preliminary study of blood group substances A and B in oral epithelium exhibiting atypia. Scand J Dent Res 79:387–393, 1971.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Dabelsteen E, Pindborg JJ: Loss of epithelial blood group substance A in oral carcinomas. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 81:435–444, 1973.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Liu PI, Mregor DH, Liu JG, Dunlap CL, Jinks WL, Lin F, Przybylski C, Miller LA: Carcinomas of the oral cavity: evaluation by specific red cell adherence test. Oral Surg 38:57–64, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Sukreeyapong Y, Chiewsilp P, Bhamarapravati N: ABH isoantigens in cancer of oral tissues. J Med Assoc Thai 59:13–15, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  16. George DI, Burzynski NJ, Miller RL: Reactive properties of oral lesions to the specific red cell adherence test. Oral Surg 47:51–57, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Dabelsteen E, Mackenzie IC: Expression of Ricinus communis receptors on epithelial cells in oral carcinomas and oral wounds. Cancer Res 38:4676–4680, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Dabelsteen E, Roed-Petersen B, Pindborg JJ: Loss of epithelial blood group antigens A and B in oral premalignant lesions. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 83:292–300, 1975.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Meyer JR, Silverman S, Daniels TE, Kramer RH, Greenspan JS: Distribution of fibronectin and laminin in oral leukoplakia and carcinoma. J Oral Path 14:247–255, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Loning T, Staquet MJ, Thivolet J, Seifert G: Keratin polypeptides distribution in normal and diseased human epidermis and oral mucosa. Virchows Arch [Pathol Anat] 388:273–288, 1980.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Burkhardt A: Advanced methods in the evaluation of premalignant lesion and carcinomas of the oral mucosa. J Oral Path 14:751–778, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Korsrud FR, Brandtzaeg P: Immunohistochemical studies on the epithelial and lymphoid components of Warthin’s tumour. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 360:221–224, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Micken IW, Scott J: The presence and distribution of carcinoembryonic antigen in tumors of human minor salivary glands. J Oral Pathol 10:296–303, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Caselitz J, Seifert G, Jaup T: Tumor antigens in neoplasm of the human parotid gland. J Oral Pathol 11:374–386, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Caselitz J, Seifert G, Jaup T: Presence of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the normal and inflamed human parotid gland. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 100:205–211, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Caselitz J, Loning T, Staquet MJ, Seifert G, Thivolet J: Immunocytochemical demonstration of filamentous structures in the parotid gland. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 100:59–68, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Lilly F, Boyse EA, Old LJ: Genetic basis of susceptibility to viral leukemogenesis. Lancet 2:1207–1209, 1964.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Dausset J, Svejgaard A (eds): HLA and disease. Copenhagen, Munksgaard, 1977, pp 218–219.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Tarpley JL, Chretien PB, Rogeitins GN, Twomey PL, Dellon AL: Histocompatibility antigens and solid malignant neoplasms. Arch Surg 110:269–278, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Seigier HF, Kremer WD, Metzgar RS, Ward FE, Haung AT, Amos DB: HL-A antigenic loss in malignant transformation. J Natl Cancer Inst 46:577–584, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Ockhuizen T, Pandey JP, Veltri RW, Arien M, Fudenberg HM: Immunoglobulin allotypes in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Cancer 49:2021–2024, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Prehn RT: Immunological surveillance versus immunological stimulation of oncogenesis: a formal proof of the stimulation hypothesis. In: Normann SJ, Sorkin E (eds) Macrophages and natural killer cells. New York, Plenum, 1982, pp 77–85.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Burnet FM: Immunological surveillance in neoplasia. Transplantation Rev 7:3–25, 1971.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Minato N, Reid L, Cantor H, Lengyel P, Bloom RB: Mode of regulation of natural killer cell activity by interferon. J Exp Med 152:124–137, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Henney CS, Kuribayashi K, Kern DE, Gillis S: Interleukin-2 augments natural killer cell activity. Nature 291:335–338, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Roder JC, Haliotis T: Do NK cells play a role in tumor surveillance? Immunol Today: 96–100, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Giannini D, Sloan RS: A tuberculin survey of 1285 adults with special reference to the elderly. Lancet 1:525–527, 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Gross L: Immunological defect in an aged population and its relationship to cancer. Cancer 18:201–201, 1965.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Waldorf DS, Willkens RF, Decker JL: Impaired delayed hypersensitivity in an aging population. JAMA 203:111, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Pisciotta AV, Westring DV, De Prey C, Walsh B: Mitogenic effects of phytohemagglutinin at different ages. Nature 215:193–194, 1967.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Gatti RA, Good RA: Aging, immunity and malignancy. Geriatrics 29:158, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Van de Putte M, Denys J, Leyton L, De Somer P: The oncogenic activity of polyoma virus in thymectomised rats. Life Sci 7:475, 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Ting RC, Law LW: Thymic function and carcinogenesis. Prog Exp Tumour Res 9:165, 1967.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Moller G, Moller E: The concept of immunological surveillance against neoplasia. Transplant Rev 28:3–32, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Starzl TE: Long-term survival after renal transplantation in humans. Ann Surg 172:437, 1970.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Westburg SP, Stone OJ, Tex G: Multiple cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas during immunosuppressive therapy. Arch Dermatol 107:893–895, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Marshall V: Premalignant and malignant skin tumours in immunosuppressed patients. Transplantation 17:272–275, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Penn I: Immunosuppression and cancer importance in head and neck surgery. Arch Otolaryngol 101:667–670, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Penn I, Starzl TE: Malignant tumors arising de novo in immunosuppressed organ transplant recipients. Transplantation 14:407–417, 1972.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Hoover R: Effects of drugs: immunosuppression. In: Hiatt HH, Watson JD, Winsten JA (eds) Origins of human cancer. Cold Spring Harbor Conferences on Cell Proliferation. Cold Spring Harbor NY, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1977, pp. 369–379.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Scully C, Immunology of Cancer of the Head and Neck with particular reference to oral cancer. Oral Surg 53:157–169, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Scully C, Cawson RA, Porter S: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Br Dent J 155:221–225, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Johnson NW: The role of histopathology in diagnosis and prognosis of oral squamous ceil carcinoma. Proc R Soc Med 69:740–747, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Burkhardt A, Seifert G: Morphologische klassifikation der oralen leukoplakien. 102:223–229, 1977.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Loning T, Burkhardt A: Plasma cells and immunoglobulin synthesis in oral precancer and cancer. Virchows Arch [Pathol Anat] 384:109–120, 1979.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Jones JH, Coyle JI: Squamous carcinoma of the lips: a study of the interface between neoplastic epithelium and the underlying mesenchyme. J Dent Res 48:702–708, 1969.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Paavolainen M, Tarkkanen J, Saksela JE: Stromal reactions as prognostic factors in epidermoid carcinoma of the tongue. Acta Otoloryngol 75:316–317, 1973.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Moone BR, Bonner M, Raymond S, Brown AS, Graham WP, Lehr MB: Lymph node metastases in oral carcinoma: a correlation of histopathology with survival. Plast Reconstruct Surg 53:158–167, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Lund C, Sogaard H, Elbrond O, Jorgensen K, Andersen AP: Epidermoid carcinoma of the lip. Acta Radiol Ther Phys Biol 14:465–474, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Seifert G, Burkhardt A: Neuere morphologische gesichtspunkle bei malignen tumoren der mundschleimhaut. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 44:1596–1601, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Adelstein EH, Davis WE, Oxenhandler RW, Templer JW, Barrett BA: Lymphocyte-tumor cell interaction in patients with head and neck cancer. Laryngoscope 88:575–581, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Boncinelli U, Fornieri C, Muscatello U: Relationship between leukocytes and tumor cells in pre-cancerous and cancerous lesions of the lip: a possible expression of immune reaction. J Invest Dermatol 71:407–411, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Ferlito A, Polidoro F: Biological and prognostic implications of the morphologic aspects of immune reaction in lymph nodes draining head and neck cancers. J Larynogol Otol 93:153–175, 1979.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Malicka K: Attempt at evaluation of defensive activity of lymph nodes on the basis of microscopic and clinical studies in cases of laryngeal cancer. Pol Med J 10:154, 1971.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Berlinger NT, Tsakraklides V, Pollak K, Adams GL, Yang M, Good RA: Prognostic significance of lymph node histology in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx, pharynx or oral cavity. Laryngoscope 86:792–803, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Berlinger NT, Tsakraklides V, Pollak K, Adams GL, Yang M, Good RA: Immunologic assessment of regional lymph node histology in relation to survival in head and neck carcinoma. Cancer 37:697–705, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Saxon A, Portis J: Lymphoid subpopulation changes in regional lymph nodes in squamous head and neck cancer. Cancer Res 37:1154–1158, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Saxon A, Portaro J: Preservation of in vitro biological functions in regional lymph node lymphocytes in squamous head and neck cancer. Cancer 37:1159–1164, 1977.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. O’Toole C, Saxon A, Bolner R: Human lymph node lymphocytes fail to lyse antibody coated target cells. Clin Exp Immunol 8:663–684, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Samarut C, Brochier J, Revillard JP: Distribution of cells binding erythrocyte-antibody (EA) complexes in human lymphoid populations. Scand J Immunol 5:221–231, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Lichtenstein A, Zighelboim J, Dorey F, Brossman S, Famey JL: Comparison of immune derangements in patients with different malignancies. Cancer 45:2090–2095, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Catalona WJ, Chretien RB: Abnormalities of quantitative dinitrochlorobenzene sensitization in cancer patients: correlation with tumor stage and histology. Cancer 31:353–356, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Catalona WJ, Sample WF, Chretien PB: Lymphocyte reactivity in cancer patients: correlation with tumor histology and clinical stage. Cancer 31:65–71, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Chretien PB, Catalona WJ, Twomey PL, Sample F: Correlation of immune reactivity and clinical status in cancer. Ann Clin Chem 4:331–339, 1974.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Berlinger NT, Good RA: Concomitant immunopathology with squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck regions. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 82:588–594, 1976.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Chretien PB, Twomey PL, Trahan EE, Catalona WJ: Quantitative dinitrochlorobenzene contact sensitivity in preoperative and cured cancer patients. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 39:263–266.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Twomey PL, Catalona WJ, Chretien PB: Cellular immunity in cured cancer patients. Cancer 33:435–440, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Chretien PB: Unique immunobiological aspects of head and neck squamous carcinoma. Can J Otolaryngol 4:225–235, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Berenyi HR, Straus B, Cruz D: In vivo and in vitro studies of cellular immunity in alcoholic cirrhosis. Am J Digest Dis 19:199–205, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Lundy J, Raaf JH, Deakins S, Jacobs DA, Tsung-Dao L, Jacobowitz D, Spear C, Wanebo H, Old LJ: The acute and chronic effects of alcohol on the human immune system. Surg Gynecol Obstet 141:212–218, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Surianu VP, Heiniger HJ, Feinendegen LE: Vermindeste Phytohaemagglutinin: Stimulation von menschlichen Lymphozytenkulturen bei Leverzirrhose. Untersuchungen mit 3H-Thymidin und 125I-Desoxyuridin. Blut 20:370–374, 1970.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Straus B, Berenyi MR, Haun J, Straus E: Delayed hypersensitivity in alcoholic cirrhosis. Am J Digest Dis 16:509–516, 1971.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Bernstein IM, Williams RC, Webster KH, Strikland RG: Reduction in circulating T lymphocytes in alcoholic liver disease. Lancet 2:488–490.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Law D, Dudrick S, Abdou NI: Immunocompetence of patients with protein-caloric malnutrition. Ann Intern Med 79:545–550, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  85. Chretien PB: The effects of smoking on immunocompetence. Laryngoscope 88:11–13, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Bitter K: Immunity suppression by bleomycinmethotrexate combined treatment in patients with epidermoid carcinoma of the oral cavity. J Maxillofac Surg 2:35–39, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Jubert AV, Lee ET, Hersh EM, Mride CM: Effects of surgery, anaesthesia and intraoperative blood loss on immunocompetence. J Surg Res 15:399–403, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Watkins SM: The effects of surgery on lymphocyte transformation in patients with cancer. Clin Exp Immunol 14:69–76, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Tarpley JL, Twomey PL, Catalona WJ: Suppression of cellular immunity by anesthesia and operation. J Surg Res 22:195–201, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Kenady DE, Chretien PB, Potvin C, Simon RM, Alexander JC, Goldstein AL: Effect of thymosin in vitro on T cell levels during radiation therapy. Cancer 39:642–652, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Stefani SS, Kerman RH: Lymphocyte response to phytohaemagglutinin before and after radiation therapy in patients with carcinomas of the head and neck. J Laryngol Otol 91:605–609, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Papenhausen PR, Kukwa A, Croft CB, Borowiecki B, Silver C, Emeson EE: Cellular immunity in patients with epidermoid cancer of the head and neck. Laryngoscope 89:538–549.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Roed-Petersen B: Cell-mediated immunity to human oral carcinoma, and cross-reactivity to patients with oral leukoplakia demonstrated by the leukocyte migration test. Allergy 37:429–435, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Saranath D, Mukhopadhyaya R, Rao RS, Fakih AR, Naik SL, Gangal SG. Cell-mediated immune status in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Cancer 56:1062–1070, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Maisel RH, Ogura JH: Abnormal dinitrochlorobenzene skin sensitization in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Laryngoscope 83:2012–2019, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Zighelboim J, Dorey F, Parker NH, Calcaterra T, Ward P, Fahey J: Immunologic evaluation of patients with advanced head and neck cancer receiving weekly chemo-immunotherapy. Cancer 44:117–123, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Wanebo HJ, Jun MY, Strong EW, Oettgen H: T-cell deficiency in patients with squamous cell cancer of the head and neck. Am J Surg 130:445–451, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Chakravorty RC, Curutchet HP, Coppolla FS, Park CM, Blaylock WK, Lawrence WJR: The delayed hypersensitivity reaction in the cancer patient: observations on sensitization by DNCB. Surgery 73:730–735, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Olivari A, Pradier R, Feierstein J, Guardo A, Glait H, Rojas A: Cell-mediated immune response in head and neck cancer patients. Surg Oncol 8:287–294, 1976.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Mandel MA, Kiehn CL: The prognostic significance of delayed cutaneous reactivity in head and neck cancer patients. Plast Reconstruct Surg 53:72–76, 1974.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Hilal EY, Wanebo HJ, Pinsky CM, Middleman P, Strong EW, Oettgen HF: Immunologic evaluation and prognosis in patients with head and neck cancer. Am J Surg 134:469–473, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  102. Eilber FR, Morton DL: Impaired immunologic reactivity and recurrence following cancer surgery. Cancer 25:362–367, 1970.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Eilber FR, Morton DL, Ketcham AS: Immunologic abnormalities in head and neck cancer. Am J Surg 128:534–538, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Bosworth JL, Ghossein NA, Brooks TL: Delayed hypersensitivity in patients treated by curative radiotherapy. Cancer 36:353–358, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Bosworth JL, Thaler S, Ghossein NA: Delayed hypersensitivity and local control of patients treated by radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Am J Surg 132:46–48, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Maisel RH, Ogura HM: Dinitrochlorobenzene skin sensitization and peripheral lymphocyte count: predictors of survival in head and neck cancer. 85:517–522, 1976.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Gilbert HA, Kagan AR, Miles J, Flores L, Nussbaum H, Rao A, Chan P: The usefulness of pre-treatment DNCB in 85 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aero-digestive tract. J Surg Oncol 10:73–77, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Wara WM, Wara DW, Phillips TL: Elevated IgA in carcinoma of the nasopharynx. Cancer 35:1313–1315, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Banner RL, Vaughn WK, Hagey KA, Thompson WJ, Hersh EM: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate-phosphodiesterase (cAMP-PDE) in lymphocytes from patients with stage III and IV squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. J Surg Oncol 9:61–69, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Stefani S, Kerman R, Abbate J: Serial studies of immunocompetence in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy. Am J Roentgenol 126:880–886, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  111. Lehane DE, Lane M: Immunocompetence in advanced cancer patients prior to chemotherapy. Oncology 30:458–466, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Lundy J, Wanebo H, Pinsky C, Strong E, Oettgen H: Delayed hypersensitivity reactions in patients with squamous cell cancer of the head and neck. Am J Surg 128:530–533, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Chretien PB, Twomey PL, Catalona WJ, Hansing RL: Immunologic defects associated with squamous carcinoma. Cancer 36:13–18, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  114. Olkowski ZL, Wilkins SA: T-lymphocyte levels in the peripheral blood of patients with cancer of the head and neck. Am J Surg 130:440–444, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Potvin G, Tarpley JL, Chretien PB: Thymus-derived lymphocytes in patients with solid malignancies. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 3:476–481, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Eastham RJ, Mason JM, Jennings BR, Belew PW, Maguda TA: T-cell rosette test in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Arch Otolaryngol 102:171–175, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Jenkins VK, Ray P, Ellis HH, Griffiths CM, Perry RP, Olson M: Lymphocyte response in patients with head and neck cancer. Arch Otolaryngol 102:596–600, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Kerman RH, Smith R, Stefani SS, Ezdinli EZ: Active T-rosette-forming cells in the peripheral blood of cancer patients. Cancer 36:3274–3278, 1976.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Olkowski ZL, Maren JR, Skeen MJ: Effects of combined immunotherapy with levamisole and bacillus Calmette-Guerin on immunocompetence of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, head and neck and lung undergoing radiation therapy. Cancer Treat 62:1651–1661, 1978.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Veltri RW, Sprinkle PM, Maxim PE, Theofilopoulos AN, Rodman SM, Kinney CL: Immune monitoring protocol for patients with carcinoma of the head and neck. Ann Otol 87:692–700, 1978.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Wolf GT, Chretien PB, Ellas EG, Makuch RW, Baskies AM, Spiegel HE, Weiss JF: Serum glycoproteins in head and neck squamous carcinoma. Am J Surg 138:489–500, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Kostadinov DA, Tzanov TZ, Boeva M, Ikonopisov RL: Spontaneous rosette formation in patients with oral cancer. Biomedicine 31:57–58, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Deegan MJ, Coulthard SW: Spontaneous rosette formation and rosette inhibition assays in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Cancer 39:2137–2141, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Mason JM, Kitchens GG, Eastham RJ, Jennings BR: T-lymphocytes and survival of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Otolaryngol 103:223–227, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Ryan RE, Neel HB, Ritts RE: Correlation of preoperative immunologic test results with recurrence in patients with head and neck cancer. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 88:58–63, 1980.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  126. Check IJ, Hunter RL, Lounsbury B, Rosenberg K, Matz G: Prediction of survival in head and neck cancer based on leukocyte sedimentation in Ficoll-Hypaque gradients. Laryngoscope 90: 1281–1290, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Wolf GT, Kerney SE, Chretien PB: Improvement of impaired leukocyte migration inhibition by thymosin in patients with head and neck squamous carcinoma. Am J Surg 140:531–537, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Vetto RM, Burger DR, Vandenbark AA, Finke DE: Changes in tumor immunity during therapy determined by leukocyte adherence inhibition and dermal testing. Cancer 41:1034–1039, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Silverman NA, Alexander CJ, Hollinshead AC, Chretien PB: Correlation of tumor burden with in vitro lymphocyte reactivity and antibodies to herpes virus tumor-associated antigens in head and neck squamous carcinoma. Cancer 37:135–140, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Deegan M, Coulthard W, Qualman SJ, Schork MA: A correlative analysis of in vitro parameters of cellular immunity in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Cancer 37:4475–4481, 1977.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Stjernsward J, Clifford P: Penegia quadrennial international conference on cancer: immunity and tolerance in oncogenesis. 1969, p 749.

    Google Scholar 

  132. Sample WF, Gertner HR, Chretien PB: Inhibition of phytohemagglutinin-induced, in vitro lymphocyte transformation by serum from patients with carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 46:1291–1297, 1971.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Lehner T, Shillitoe EJ, Wilton JMA, Ivanyi L: Cell mediated immunity to herpes virus type 1 in carcinoma and pre-cancerous lesions. Br J Cancer 28:128–134, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  134. Parker R, Alexander S, Shaheen OH, Parkes P: On the immunology of head and neck cancer: a prognostic index. J Laryngol Otol 89:687–695, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Wanebo HJ, Pinsky CM, Beattie EJ, Oettgen HF: Immunocompetence testing in patients with one of the four common operable cancers: a review. Clin Bull B:15–23, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  136. Shillitoe EJ, Tarro G, Lehner T: Cell-mediated immunity to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 antigens in leukoplakia and carcinoma in man. Oncology 33:192–195, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Berlinger NT: Inability of leukocytes from patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to stimulate or respond in the mixed lymphocyte reaction. Laryngoscope 88:470–483, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Berlinger NT, Hilal EY, Oettgen HF, Good RA: Deficient cell-mediated immunity in head and neck cancer: patients secondary to autologous suppressive immune cells. Laryngoscope 88:470–483, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Wang BS, Badger AM, Minberg RR: Suppression of tumor-specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity by immunoregulatory globulin and immunoregulatory globulin-like peptides from cancer patients. Cancer Res 37:3022–3025, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Israel L, Edelstein R: In vivo and in vitro studies on non-specific blocking factors of host origin in cancer patients: role of plasma exchange as an immunotherapeutic modality. Isr J Med Sci 14: 105–130, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Kennedy JT: A search for common tumor specific antigen and serum blocking factor in head and neck epidermoid carcinomas. Laryngoscope 85:806–822, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Serrou B, Dubois JB: Monolayer cell cultures as target cells for the study of lymphocyte cytotoxicity in cancer patients. Acta Cytol 20: 577–581, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Ariyan S, Krizek TJ, Mitchell MS: Identification of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck by tissue culture and immunological testing. Plast Reconstruct Surg 59:386–393, 1977.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Gierek T, Astaldi G, Lisiewicz J, Pilch J: Nacetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in peripheral blood lympocytes in patients with cancer of the larynx. Tumori 62:645–650, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Gierek T, Kusnierczyk W, Lisiewicz J, Pilch J: Lysosomal acid phosphatase of lymphocytes in patients with cancer of the larynx. Przegl Lek 33:793–795, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Unger SW, Bernhard MI, Pace RC, Wanebo HJ: Monocyte dysfunction in human cancer. Cancer 51: 669–674, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Wara WM, Ammann AJ, Wara DW, Phillips TL: Serum I in the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal and paranasal sinus carcinoma. Radiology 116:409–411, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Hughes NR: Serum concentrations of G, A and M immunoglobulins in patients with carcinomas, melanoma and sarcoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 46:1015–1027, 1971.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Brown AM, Lally ET, Frankel A: IgA and IgA content of the saliva and serum of oral cancer patients. Arch Oral Biol 20:395–398, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Brown AM, Lally ET, Frankel A, Harwick R, Davis LW, Rominger CJ: The association of the I levels of serum and whole saliva with the progression of oral cancer. Cancer 35:1154–1162, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Katz AE, Yoo TJ, Harker LA: Serum immunoglobulin A (I) levels in carcinoma of the head and neck. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 82:131–137, 1976.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Katz AE, Nysather JO, Harker LA: Major immunoglobulin ratios in carcinoma of the head and neck. Ann Otol 87:412–415, 1978.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Niksic M, Balogh M: Die Serumimmunglobulins bei patienten mit des kehlkopfs und des rachens. Laryngol Rhinol 55:882–887, 1976.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Scully C: Immunological changes in oral carcinoma and oral keratosis. J Maxillofac Surg 10:113–115, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. Katz AE: Immunobiologic staging of patients with carcinoma of the head and neck. Laryngoscope 93:445–463, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Serrou B, Dubois JB, Robinet-Levy M: IgE serum-levels in cancer patients. Lancet 1:396, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  157. Dostalova O, Schon E, Kubelka V, Holik R: Observation of immunoglobulins in the course of a tumor disease. Neoplasma 17:231–241, 1970.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. Wanebo HJ, Hilal EY, Pinsky CM, Strong EW, Mike V, Hirshaut Y, Oettgen HF: Randomized trial of levamisole in patients with squamous cancer of the head and neck: a preliminary report. Cancer Treat Rep 62:1663–1669, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Mandel MA, Dvorak K, De Cosse J: Salivary immune globulins in patients with oropharyngeal and bronchopulmonary carcinoma. Cancer 31:1408–1413, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. Mandel MA, De Cosse JJ: Salivary immunoglobulins in patients with oropharyngeal or pulmonary cancer. Br J Plast Surg 27:188–193, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. Badin J, Dumont J, Bouvet E: Serum levels of I, I, I and some of their clinical subtractions in clinically incipient cancer. Ric Clin Lab B:251–262, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  162. Brunetti F: Prospects and limitations of systemic monitoring in patients with laryngeal cancer. Acta Otolaryngol 87:393–399, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. Van Epps DE, Williams RC: Suppression of leukocyte Chemotaxis by human I myeloma components. J Exp Med 144:1227–1246, 1976.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  164. Ho S: Suppressive effect of I soluble immune complexes on neutrophil Chemotaxis. Clin Exp Immunol 37:436–440, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  165. O’Neill PA, Romsdahl MM: I as a blocking factor in human malignant melanoma. Immunol Commun 3:427–438, 1974.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  166. Mathew GD: Immunoglobulin A antibody to Epstein-Barr viral antigens and prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 88:52–57, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. Tomasi TB, Tisdale WA: Serum gamma globulins in acute and chronic liver diseases. Nature 201:834–835, 1964.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. Munson D: Serum levels of immunoglobulins, cell-mediated immunity and phagocytosis in protein-calorie malnutrition. Am J Clin Nutr 27:625–628, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. Clough JD, Mims LH, Strober W: Deficient IgA antibody responses to arsanilic acid bovine serum albumin (BSA) in neonatally thymectomised rabbits. J Immunol 106:1624–1629, 1971.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. Tada T: Regulation of reaginic antibody formation in animals. Allergy 19:122–194, 1975.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. Van Epps DE, Strickland RC, Williams RC: Serum IgE levels in liver disease. Clin Res 23: 106A, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  172. Loning T, Burkhardt A, Seifert G, Gebbers JO: Zur typisierung der immunoglobulin in oralen leukoplakien und karzinomen. Dtsch Zahnarztl Z 1:168–177, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  173. Wood GW, Gollahon KA: Detection and quantitation of macrophage infiltration into primary human tumors with the use of cell surface markers. J Natl Cancer Inst 59:1081–1087, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. Popovic D, Gill L, Sisson G, Applebaum E, Anderson B: Detection and localization of tumor-associated immune components of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol 82:119–130, 1976.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. Koneval T, Applebaum E, Popovic D, Gill L, Sisson G, Wood GW, Anderson B: Demonstration of immunoglobulin in tumor and marginal tissues of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. J Nat Cancer Inst 59:1089–1097, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  176. Teshita H, Wanebo H, Pinsky C: Circulating immune complexes detected by 125I-CIq deviation test in sera of cancer patients. J Clin Invest 59:1134–1142, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  177. Maxim PE, Veltri RW, Sprinkle PM, Pusateri RJ: Soluble immune complexes in sera from head and neck cancer patients: a preliminary report. Otolaryngology 86:428–432, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  178. Scully C, Barkas T, Boyle P, Mregor LA: Immune complexes determined by binding of radiolabeled protein A in patients with oral cancer and premalignant lesions. J Lab Clin Immunol 8:113–115, 1982.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  179. Chatterjee R, Guba S: Circulating immune complexes in sera of patients with oral cancer. J Clin Lab Immunol 15:145–147, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  180. Stutman O: Lymphocyte sequestration: its possible role in tumor immunity. Transplant Proc 5:969–973, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  181. Hattler BG, Soehnlem B: Inhibition of tumor-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis by a factor or factors associated with peripheral leukocytes. Science 184:1374–1375, 1974.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  182. Gorczynski RM, Kilburn DG, Knight RA: Non-specific and specific immuno-suppression in tumor-bearing mice by soluble immune complexes. Nature 254:141–143, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  183. Hellstrom I, Sjögren HO, Warner G, Hellstrom KE: Blocking of cell-mediated tumor immunity by sera from patients with growing neoplasms. Int J Cancer 7:226–237, 1971.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. Baldwin RW, Price MR, Robbins RA: Blocking of lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity for rat hepatoma by tumor specific antigen-antibody complexes. Nature 238:185–186, 1972.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  185. Sjögren HO, Hellstrom I, Bansal SC, Hellstrom KE: Suggestive evidence that the “blocking antibodies” of tumor-bearing individuals may be antigen-antibody complexes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 68:1372–1375, 1971.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  186. Baskies AM, Chretien PB, Wolf GT, Weiss JF: Correlation of serum immune-reactive proteins with clinical tumor stage in patients with squamous carcinoma of the head and neck and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Surg Forum 30: 516–518, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  187. Kamrin BB: Successful skin homografts in mature non-littermate rats treated with fractions containing alpha globulins. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 100:58–61, 1959.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  188. Baskies AM, Chretien PB, Weiss JF, Beveridge RA, Makuch RW, Trahan EE, Catalona WJ: Serum levels of α2 HS-glycoprotein and acute phase proteins correlate with cellular immunity in cancer patients. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res 19:221, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  189. Cooperband SR, Davis RC, Schmid K: Competitive blockade of lymphocyte stimulation by a serum immunoregulatory alpha globulin (IRA). Transplant Proc 1:516–523, 1969.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  190. Arora P, Miller HC, Aronson LD: α1 Antitrypsin is an effector of immunological stasis. Nature 274:589, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  191. Harvey H, Lipton A, Sraa DA, Albright C, De Long S, Davidson EA: Inhibition of in vitro lymphocyte function by αi acid glycoprotein: tumor related glycoprotein and fibrinogen degradation products. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res 19:1978.

    Google Scholar 

  192. Israel L, Edelstein R, Samak R: In vitro depression of lymphocyte response to PHA by acute phase reactants. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res 19: 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  193. Goodwin JS, Messmar RP, Bankhurst AD, Peake GT, Sarki JH, Williams RC: Prostaglandin-producing suppressor cells in Hodgkin s disease. N Engl J Med 297:963–968, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  194. Fukasawa K, Harada M, Komatsu M, Yamaoka M, Urade M, Shirasuna K, Miyazaki T: Serum dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) IV activities in oral cancer patients. Int J Oral Surg 11:246–250, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  195. Chretien PB, Matthews W, Twomey PL: Serum ribonucleases in cancer: relation to tumor histology. Cancer 31:175–179, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  196. Scully C, Spandidos DA, Ward-Booth P, Mregor I A, Boyle P: Serum alkaline deoxyribonuclease in oral malignancy and pre-malignancy. Biomedicine 35:179–180, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  197. Scully C: Thymidine kinase activity in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol 11: 210–213, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  198. Parsons RJ, Kidd JG: A virus causing oral papillomatosis in rabbits. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 35: 441–443, 1936.

    Google Scholar 

  199. De Monbrun WA, Goodpasture EW: Infectious oral papillomatosis of dogs. Am J Pathol 8:43–55, 1932.

    Google Scholar 

  200. Gross L: A filterable agent, recovered from Ak leukemic extracts, causing salivary gland carcinoma in C3H mice. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 83: 414–416, 1953.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  201. Stanley HR, Dawe CJ, Law LW: Oral tumors induced by polyoma virus in mice. Oral Surg 17:547–558, 1964.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  202. Lucas RB: Odontogenic tumors in polyoma virus-infected mice. In: Proceedings 4th International Academy of Oral Pathology. Johannesburg, South Africa, 1969, p 120.

    Google Scholar 

  203. Leading article: Tumour viruses. Lancet 1:317–318, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  204. Trentin JJ, Yabe V, Taylor G: The quest for human cancer viruses. Science 137:835–841, 1962.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  205. Green M, Mackey JK: Are oncogenic human adenoviruses associated with human cancer? Hiatt HH, Watson JD, Winsten JA (eds) Origins of human cancer. Cold Spring Harbor NY, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1977, pp 1027–1042.

    Google Scholar 

  206. Major EO: SK, a human polyoma virus: its biology, biochemistry and association with human tumors. In: Hiatt HH, Watson JD, Winsten JA (eds), Origins of human cancer. Cold Spring Harbor NY, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1977, pp 989–1007.

    Google Scholar 

  207. Rapp F: Question: Do herpes viruses cause cancer? Answer: Of course they do. J Natl Cancer Inst 50:825–832, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  208. Klein G: Herpesviruses and oncogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 69:1056–1064, 1972.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  209. Robertson M: Oncogenes and the origins of human cancer. Br Med J 286:81–82, 1983.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  210. Robertson M: What happens when cellular oncogenes collide with immunoglobulin genes. Nature 302:474–475, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  211. Scully C: Herpes viruses and tumours of the head and neck. IRCS Med Sci Library Compendium 10:180–181, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  212. Epstein MA, Achong BC, Barr YM: Virus particles in cultured lymphoblasts from Burkitt’s lymphoma. Lancet 1:702–703, 1964.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  213. Epstein MA, Herdson PB: Cellular degeneration associated with characteristic nuclear fine structural changes in the cells from two cases of Burkitt’s malignant lymphoma syndrome. Br J Cancer. 17:56–59, 1963.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  214. Achong BG, Epstein MA: Fine structure of the Burkitt tumour. J Natl Cancer Inst 36:877–897, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  215. Rabson AS, O’Connor GT, Saron S, Whang JJ, Legallais FY: Morphologic cytogenetic and virologic studies in vitro of a malignant lymphoma from an African child. Int J Cancer 1:89–106, 1966.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  216. Menezes J, Leibold W, Klein G: The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV): evidence for EBV strains. In: De-The G, Epstein MA, Zur Hausen H (eds) Oncogenesis and herpesvirus II. Lyon, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1975, pp 323–330.

    Google Scholar 

  217. Miller G: Epstein-Barr herpesvirus and infectious mononucleosis. Prog Med Virol 20:84–112, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  218. Manolov G, Manolova Y: Marker band in one chromosome 14 from Burkitt’s lymphomas. Nature 237:33–34, 1972.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  219. Jarvis JE, Ball G, Rickinson AB: Cytogenetic studies on human lymphoblastoid cell lines from Burkitt’s lymphomas and other sources. Int J Cancer 14:716–721, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  220. Klein G: The Epstein-Barr virus. In: Kaplan AS (ed) The herpesviruses. New York, Academic Press, 1973, pp 521–555.

    Google Scholar 

  221. De-The G. The epidemiology of Burkitt’s lymphoma: evidence for a causal association with Epstein-Barr virus. Epidemiol Rev 1:32–54, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  222. Klein G: Burkitt’s lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In: Herberman RB, Mclntyre KR (eds) Immunodiagnosis of cancer, part 2. pp 780–800.

    Google Scholar 

  223. Henle G, Henle W, Clifford P, Diehl V, Kafuko GW, Kirya BG, Klein G, Morrow RH, Munube GMR, Pike P, Tukei PM, Ziegler JL: Antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus in Burkitt’s lymphomas and control groups. J Natl Cancer Inst 43:1147–1157, 1969.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  224. Henle W, Henle G, Ho HC, Burtin P, Cachin Y, Clifford P, De-The G, Diehl V, Klein G: Antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, other head and neck neoplasms, and control groups. J Natl Cancer Inst 44:225–231, 1970.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  225. Henle G, Henle W, Klein G: Demonstration of two distinct components in the early antigen complex of Epstein-Barr virus-infected cells. Int J Cancer 8:272–278, 1971.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  226. De-The G, Geser A, Day NE, Tukei PM, Williams EM, Beri DP, Smith PG, Dean AG, Bornkamm GW, Feorino R, Henle W: Epidemiological evidence for causal relationship between Epstein-Barr virus and Burkitt’s lymphoma from Ugandan prospective study. Nature 274: 756–761, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  227. De-The G: Is Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) related to a perinatal infection by Epstein-Barr virus? Lancet 1: 335–338, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  228. Klein G, Clifford P, Klein E, Stjernsward J: Search for tumor-specific immune reactions in Burkitt’s lymphoma patients by the membrane immunofluorescence reaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 55:1628–1635, 1966.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  229. Lindahl T, Klein G, Reedman BM, Johansson B, Singh S: Relationship between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA and the EBV-determined nuclear antigen (EBNA) in Burkitt lymphoma biopsies and other lymphoproliferative malignancies. Int J Cancer 13:764–772, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  230. Zur Hausen H, Schulte-Holthausen H, Klein G, Henle G, Henle W, Clifford P, Santesson L: EBV DNA in biopsies of Burkitt tumours and anaplastic carcinomas of the nasopharynx. Nature 228:1056–1058, 1970.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  231. Olweny CLM, Atine I, Kaddu-Mukasa A, Owor T, Anderson M, Klein G, Henle W, De-The G: Epstein-Barr virus genome studies in Burkitt and non-Burkitt lymphomas in Uganda. J Natl Cancer Inst 58:1191–1196, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  232. Schneider U, Zur Hausen H: Epstein-Barr virus-induced transformation of human leukocytes after cell fractionation. Int J Cancer 15:59–66, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  233. Shope T, Dechairo D, Miller G: Malignant lymphoma in cottontop marmosets after inoculation with Epstein-Barr virus. Proc Natl Sci USA 70:2487–2491, 1973.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  234. Klein G: Lymphoma development in mice and humans: diversity of initiation is followed by convergent cytogenetic evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76:2442–2446, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  235. Purtilo DT: Epstein-Barr-virus-induced oncogenesis in immuno-deficient individuals. Lancet 1:300–303, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  236. Marker SC, Ascher NL, Kalis JM, Simmons RL, Najarian JS, Bacfour HH: Epstein-Barr virus antibody responses and clinical illness in renal transplant recipients. Surgery 85:433–440, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  237. Penn I: Malignant tumors in organ transplant recipients. Berlin, Springer, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  238. Calne, RY, Rolles K, Thiru S: Cyclosporin A initially as the only immunosuppressant in 34 recipients of cadaveric organs: 32 kidneys, 2 pancreases and 2 livers. Lancet 2:1033–1036, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  239. Bieber CP, Reitz BA, Jamieson SW: Malignant lymphoma in cyclosporin A treated allograft recipients. Lancet 1:43, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  240. Nagington J, Gray J: Cyclosporin A, immunosuppression, Epstein-Barr antibody and lymphoma. Lancet 1:536–537, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  241. Crewford DH, Thomas J A, Janossy G, Sweny P, Fernando ON, Moorhead JF, Thompson JH: Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen positive lymphoma after cyclosporin A treatment in patient with renal allograft. Lancet 1:1355–1356, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  242. Frizzera G, Moran EM, Rappaport H: Angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinaemia. Lancet 1:1070–1073, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  243. Nathwani BN, Rappaport H, Moran EM, Pangalis G A, Kim H: Malignant lymphoma arising in angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. Cancer 41:578–606, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  244. Berkel AL, Henle W, Henle G, Klein G, Ersoy F, Sanal O: Epstein-Barr virus related antibody patterns in ataxia telangiectasia. Clin Exp Immunol 35:196–201, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  245. Thestrup-Pedersen K, Esmann V, Bisballe S: Epstein-Barr-virus-induced lymphoproliferative disorder converting to fatal Burkitt-like lymphoma in a boy with interferon-inducible chromosomal defect. Lancet 2:997–1002, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  246. Purtilo DT, Paquin LA, Deflorio D, Virzi F, Sahkuja R: Immunodiagnosis and immunopathogenesis of the x-linked recessive lymphoproliferative syndrome. Semin Hematol 16: 309–343, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  247. Purtilo DI, Deflorio D, Hütt LM, Bhawan J, Yang JP, Otto R, Edwards W: Variable phenotypic expression of an x-linked recessive lymphoproliferative syndrome. N Engl J Med 297:1077–1081, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  248. Purtilo DT, Cassel CK, Yang JPS, Harper R: x-Linked recessive progressive combined variable immunodeficiency (Duncan’s disease). Lancet 1:935–940, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  249. Hamilton JK, Paquin LA, Sullivan JL, Maurer HS, Cruzi FG, Provisor AJ, Steuber P, Hawkins G, Yawn D, Cornet JA, Finkelstein Z, Landing B, Grunnet M, Purtilo DT: x-Linked lymphoproliferative syndrome registry report. J Pediatr 96:673–689, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  250. De-The G, Ito Y. (eds): Nasopharyngeal carcinoma; etiology and control. Lyon, International Agency for Research in Cancer, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  251. Ho JHC: Current knowledge of the epidemiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Biggs P, De-The G, Payne L (eds) Oncogenesis and herpes viruses. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972, pp 357–366.

    Google Scholar 

  252. Ho JHC: An epidemiologic and clinical study of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 4:181–198, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  253. Liang PC: Studies on nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Chinese: statistical and laboratory investigations. Chin Med J 83:373–390, 1964.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  254. Williams EH, De-The G: Familial aggregation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Lancet 2:295–296, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  255. Simons MJ, Chan SH, Wee GB, Shanmtgaratnam K, Goh EH, Ho JHC, Chau JCW, Darmalingam S, Prasad V, Betuel G, Day NE, De The G: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma and histocompatibility antigens. In: De-The G, Ho Y (eds) Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: etiology and control. Lyon, International Association for Research in Cancer, 1978, pp 271–282.

    Google Scholar 

  256. Betuel H, Camoun M, Colombin J, Day NE, Ellouz R, De-The G: The relationship between nasopharyngeal carcinoma and the HLA system among Tunisians. Int J Cancer 16:249–254, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  257. Lanier AP, Bornkamm GW, Henle W, Henle G, Bender TR, Talbot ML, Dohan PH: Association of Epstein-Barr virus with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Alaskan native patients: serum antibodies and tissue EBNA and DNA. Int J Cancer 28:301–305, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  258. King H, Haenszel K: Cancer mortality among foreign and native-born Chinese in the United States. J Chronic Dis 26:623–646, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  259. Fraumeni JF, Mason TJ: Cancer mortality among Chinese Americans. J Natl Cancer Inst 52:659–665, 1974.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  260. Ho HC, Kwan HC, No MH, De-The G: Serum IgA antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen preceding symptoms of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Lancet 1:436, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  261. Monoyama M, Huang CH, Pagano JS, Klein G, Singh S: DNA of Epstein-Barr virus detected in tissues of Burkitt’s lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 70:3265–3268, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  262. Wolf H, Zur Hausen H, Becker V: EB viral genomes in epithelial nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Nature 244:245–247, 1973.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  263. Klein G, Giovanella BC, Lindahl T, Fialkow PJ, Singh S, Shehlin JS: Direct evidence for the presence of Epstein-Barr virus DNA and nuclear antigen in malignant epithelial cells from patients with poorly-differentiated carcinoma of the nasopharynx. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 71:4737–4741, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  264. Pagano JS: The Epstein-Barr virus and malignancy: molecular evidence. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 39:797–805, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  265. Desgranges C, Wolfe H, De The G, Shanmugaratnam K, Cammoun N, Ellouz R, Klein G, Lennert K, Munoz N, Zur Hausen H: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. X. Presence of Epstein-Barr genomes in separated epithelial cells of tumors in patients from Singapore, Tunisia and Kenya. Int J Cancer 16:7–15, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  266. Andersson-Anvret M, Forsby N, Klein G, Henle W: Relationship between the Epstein-Barr virus and undifferentiated carcinoma: correlated nucleic acid hybridization and histopathological examination. Int J Cancer 20:486–494, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  267. Andersson-Anvert M, Forsby N, Klein G, Henle W: The association between undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Epstein-Barr virus shown by correlated nucleic acid hybridization and histopathological studies. In: De-The G, Ho Y (eds) Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: etiology and control. Lyon, International Agency for Research in Cancer, 1978, pp 347–358.

    Google Scholar 

  268. De-The G, Ablashi DV, Liabeuff A, Mourali N: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). IV. Presence of an EBV nuclear antigen in fresh tumour biopsies. Biomedicine 19:349–352, 1973.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  269. Huang DP, Ho JHC, Henle W, Henle G: Demonstration of Epstein-Barr virus-associated nuclear antigen in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells from fresh biopsies. Int J Cancer 14:580–588, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  270. Giraldo G, Beth E, Haguenau F: Herpes-type virus particles in tissue culture of Kaposi’s sarcoma from different geographic regions. J Natl Cancer Inst 49:1509–1526, 1972.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  271. Giraldo G, Beth E, Coeur P, Vogel CL, Dhru DS: Kaposi’s sarcoma: a new model in the search for viruses associated with human malignancies. J Natl Cancer 49:1495–1507, 1972.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  272. Giraldo G, Beth E, Kourilsky FM, Henle W, Henle G, Mike V, Muraux JM, Andersen HK, Charbi MR, Kyalwazi SK, Puissant A: Antibody patterns to herpesviruses in Kaposi’s sarcoma: serological association of European Kaposi’s sarcoma with cytomegalovirus. Int J Cancer 15:839–848, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  273. Giraldo G, Beth E, Henle W, Henle G, Mike V, Safai B, Huraux JM, Mardy J, De-The G: Antibody patterns to herpesviruses in Kaposi’s sarcoma. II. Serological association of American Kaposi’s sarcoma with cytomegalovirus. Int J Cancer 22:126–131, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  274. Giraldo G, Beth E, Huang ES: Kaposi’s sarcoma and its relationship to cytomegalovirus (CMV). III. CMV-DNA and CMV early antigens in Kaposi’s sarcoma. Int J Cancer 26:23–29, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  275. Giraldo G, Beth E: Antibody patterns to herpes virus in Kaposi’s sarcoma. II. Serological association of American Kaposi’s sarcoma with cytomegalovirus. Int J Cancer 22:126–131, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  276. Glaser R, Geder S, St. Jeor S, Michelson-Fiske S, Hagvenau F: Partial characterization of a herpes-type virus (K9V) derived from Kaposi’s sarcoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 59:55–60, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  277. Boldogh I, Beth E, Huang ES, Kyalwazi SK, Giraldo G: Kaposi’s sarcoma. IV. Detection of CMV DNA, CMV RNA and CMNA in tumour biopsies. Int J Cancer 28:469–474, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  278. Hymes KB, Cheung A, Greene JB, Prosen S, Marcus A, Ballard H, William DC, Laubenstein LJ: Kaposi’s sarcoma in homosexual men: a report of eight cases. Lancet 1:598–600, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  279. Albrecht T, Rapp F: Malignant transformation of hamster embryo fibroblasts following exposure to ultraviolet-irradiated human cytomegalovirus. Virology 55:53–61, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  280. Hollinshead AC, Lee O, Chretien DB, Tarpley JL, Rawls WE, Adam E: Antibodies to herpesvirus nonvirion antigens in squamous carcinomas. Science 182:713–715, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  281. Hollinshead AC, Tarro G: Soluble membrane antigens of lip and cervical carcinomas: reactivity with antibody for herpesvirus nonvirion antigens. Science 179:698–700, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  282. Smith HG, Horowitz N, Silverman NA, Henson DE, Chretien PB: Humoral immunity to herpes simplex viral-induced antigens in smokers. Cancer 38:1155–1162, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  283. Smith HG, Chretien PB, Henson DE, Silverman NA, Alexander JC: Viral-specific humoral immunity to herpes simplex-induced antigens in patients with squamous carcinoma of the head and neck. Am J Surg 132:541–548, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  284. Shillitoe EJ, Greenspan D, Greenspan JS, Silverman S: Immunoglobulin class of antibody to herpes simplex virus in patients with oral cancer. Cancer 51:65–71, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  285. Shillitoe EJ, Greenspan D, Greenspan JS, Hansen LS, Silverman S: Neutralizing antibody to herpes simplex virus type 1 in patients with oral cancer. Cancer 49:2315–2320, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  286. Notter MFD, Docherty JJ: Comparative diagnostic aspects of herpes virus tumor-associated antigens. J Natl Cancer Inst 57:483–488, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  287. Tarro G, Flaminio G, Cocchiara R, Gioia M, Geraci D: An immune enzymatic assay for tumour associated antigen of herpes simplex virus. Cell Mol Biol 25:329–333, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  288. Scully C, Barkas T, Boyle P, Mregor IA: Circulating immune complexes detected by binding of radiolabeled protein A in patients with oral cancer and oral premalignant lesions. J Clin Lab Immunol 8:113–115, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  289. Scully C, Eglin RP, Ward-Booth P, Mregor I A, Boyle P: Human oral squamous cell carcinoma: evidence for RNA complementary to herpes simplex DNA. IRCS Med Sci Library Compendium 10:531, 1982.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  290. Eglin RP, Scully C, Lehner T, Ward-Booth P, Mregor IA: Detection of RNA complementary to Herpes simplex virus in human oral squamous cell carcinoma: Lancet ii:766–768, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  291. Smith HG: Humoral immunity to herpes simplex viral-induced antigens in smokers. Cancer 38:1155–1162, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  292. Duff R, Rapp F: Oncogenic transformation of hamster cells after exposure to herpes simplex type 2. Nature 233:48–50, 1971.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  293. Klein G: Immunological studies on a human tumor: dillemmas of the experimentalist. Isr J Med Sci 7:111–131, 1971.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  294. Cox M, Scully C, Prime SS, Maitland N: Human papillomavirus DNA in Malignant and benign oral mucosal lesions. J Dent Res in press.

    Google Scholar 

  295. Scully C, Prime SS, Maitland N: Papillomaviruses: their possible role in oral disease. Oral Surg 60:166–174, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  296. Lamey PJ, Waterhouse JP, Ferguson MM: Pleomorphic salivary adenoma: virally induced pleomorphic salivary adenoma in the CFLP mouse. Am J Pathol 109:129–132, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  297. Scully C: Viruses and cancer: herpes viruses and tumours in the head and neck. Oral Surg 56:285–292, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  298. Gutterman JU, Hersh EM: Immunotherapy. In: Holland JF, Frei E (eds) Cancer medicine. Philadelphia, Lea and Febiger, 1982, pp 1100–1133.

    Google Scholar 

  299. Vitetta ES, Krolick KA, Miyama-Inaba M, Cushley W, Uhr JW: Immunotoxins: a new approach to cancer therapy. Science 219:644–650, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  300. Holland JF, Frei E (eds): Cancer medicine. Philadelphia, Lea and Febiger, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  301. Scully C: Immunology of cancer of the head and neck with particular reference to oral cancer. Oral Surg 53:157–169, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  302. Browder JP, Chretien PB: Immune reactivity in head and neck squamous carcinoma and relevance to the design of immunotherapy trials. Semin Oncol 4:431–439, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  303. Castro JE: Immunotherapy of head and neck cancer. Clin Otol 2:65–75, 1977.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  304. Khandekar JD, De Wys WD: Chemoimmunotherapy of head and neck cancer. Am J Surg 135:688–695, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  305. Perlin E: Immunotherapy in patients with oral malignant disease. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 12:195–198, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  306. Wara WM, Ammann AJ, Wara DW: Effect of thymosin and irradiation on immune modulation in head and neck and esophageal cancer patients. Cancer Treat Rep 62:1775–1778, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  307. Wara WM, Wara DW, Ammann AJ, Barnard JL, Phillips TL: Immunosuppression and reconstitution with thymosin after radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 5:997, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  308. Richman SP, Livingston RB, Gutterman JU, Suen JY, Hersh EM: Chemotherapy versus chemoimmunotherapy of head and neck cancer: report of a randomized study. Cancer Treat Rep 60:535–539, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  309. Eilber FR, Morton DL: Adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in advanced lesions of the head and neck. Am J Roentgenol 126:1082–1084, 1976.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  310. Suen JY, Richman SP, Livingston RB, Hersh EM, Craig R, Tonymon K: Results of BCG adjuvant immunotherapy in 100 patients with epidermoid carcinoma of the head and neck. Am J Surg 134:474–478, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  311. Woods JE, De Santo LW, Ritts RE: A controlled study of combined methotrexate, BCG and INH therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Surg Clin North Am 57:769–778, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  312. Papac R, Minor DR, Rudwick S, Solomon LR, Capizzi RL: Controlled trial of methotrexate and bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy for advanced head and neck cancer. Cancer Res 38:3150–3153, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  313. Buechler M, Mukherji B, Chasin W, Nathanson L: High dose methotrexate with and without BCG therapy in advanced head and neck malignancy. Cancer 43:1095–1100, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  314. Cunningham Tj, Antemann R. Paonessa D, Sponzo RW, Steiner D: Adjuvant immuno-and/or chemotherapy with neuraminidase-treated autogenous tumor vaccine and bacillus Calmette-Guerin for head and neck cancers. Ann NY Acad Sc 277:339–344, 1976.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  315. Taylor S, Bytell D, Sisson G, Nisius J, De Wys W: Chemoimmunotherapy as adjuvant to surgery and radiotherapy in state III-IV head and neck squamous carcinoma patients. In: Neoplasm immunity: solid tumor therapy, 1977, pp 249–266.

    Google Scholar 

  316. Taylor SG, Sisson GA, Bytell DE: Adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy of head and neck cancer. Recent Results Cancer Res 68:297–308, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  317. Donaldson RC: Methotrexate plus bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and isoniazid in the treatment of cancer of the head and neck. Am J Surg 124:527–534, 1972.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  318. Donaldson RC: Chemoimmunotherapy for cancer of the head and neck. Am J Surg 126:507–512, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  319. Mahe E, Bourdin J, Gest J, Saracino R, Brunet M, Halpern G, Debaud B, Roth F: Therapeutic trial with reticulostimulin in patients with ear, nose or throat cancers. In: Halpern B (ed) Corynbacterium parvum: applications in experimental and clinical oncology. New York, Plenum, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  320. Zighelboim J, Parker NH, Ossorio C, Calcaterra T, Ward P, Fahey JL, Fischer S: Phase 1 studies of C. parvum given intravenously: effects of dexamethasone on its biologic and toxic properties. Cancer 41:1298–1306, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  321. Szpirglas H, Chastang CI, Bertrand JC: Adjuvant treatment of tongue and floor of the mouth cancers. Recent Results Cancer Res 68:309–317, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  322. Vogl SE, Schoenfeld DA, Kaplan BH, Lerner HJ, Horton J, Creech RH, Barnes LE: Methotrexate alone or with regional subcutaneous Corynebacterium parvum in the treatment of recurrent and metastatic squamous cancer of the head and neck. Cancer 50:2295–2300, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  323. Schlesinger S, Pickartz H, Bier J: Quantitative changes in the intratumoral and peritumoral cell populations after BCG cell-wall therapy for squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity. Dtsch Zahnarztl Z 35:118–120, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  324. Schuller G, Squire C, Moy C, Brown P, Beatty JD, Terz J, Kaplan A: Presurgical intratumor immunotherapy of carcinoma of the head and neck. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res 19:223, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  325. Asada T: Treatment of human cancer with mumps virus. Cancer 34:1907–1928, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  326. Wilkins SA, Olkowski JL: Immunocompetence of cancer patients treated with levamisole. Cancer 39:487–493, 1977.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  327. Olivari AJ, Glait HM, Guardo A, Califano L, Pradier R: Levamisole in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Cancer Treat Rep 63:983–990, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  328. Wanebo HJ, Hilal EY, Strong EW: Randomized trial of levamisole in patients with squamous cancer of head and neck. Am Soc Clin Oncol 8:189, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  329. Mussche RA, Plum J, De Smedt M: Levamisole versus placebo as an adjunct to primary therapy of larynogopharyngeal epidermoid carcinoma: evaluation of immune status. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg 31:566–571, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  330. Wolf GT, Peterson KA, Lovett EJ: In vitro immune modulation by thymosin alpha in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head and Neck Surg 7:350–356, 1985.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  331. Nickoloff BJ, Basham TY, Merigan TC, Morhenn VB: Immunomodulatory and antiproliferative effect of recombinant Alpha, Beta and Gamma interferous on cultured human malignant squamous cell lines, SCL-1 and SW-1271 J Invest Derm 84:487–490, 1985.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  332. Sato M, Yoshida H, Yanagawa T, Yura Y, Urata M, Atsumi M, Hayashi Y, Takegawa Y: Effects of intradermal administration of streptococcal preparation OK-432 on interferon and natural killer cell activities in patients with oral cancer. Int J oral surg 13:15–17, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  333. Sato M, Yoshida H, Yanagawa T, Yura Y, Urata M, Nitta T, Azuma M, Hayashi Y: Therapeutic effect of human fibroblast interferon on premalignant lesions arising in the oral mucsa. Int J oral surg 14:184–194, 1985.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  334. Nair PNM, Gangal SG, Agashe SS, Rao RS: Immunological studies on human oral cancer. Indian J Cancer 13:64–69, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  335. Vetto RM, Nurger DR: Transference of cell mediated immunity in patients with head and neck cancer. Laryngoscope [Suppl 8] 88:79–82, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  336. Shulman S, Zappi E: Cryoimmunology: a method of immunisation to autologous antigen. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 124:658–661, 1967.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  337. Neel HB, De Santo LW: Cryosurgical control of cancer: effects of freeze rates, tumor temperature and ischemia. Ann Otorhinolaryngol 82:716–723, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  338. Carpenter RJ, Snyder GG: Cryosurgery: theory and application to head and neck neoplasia. Head Neck Surg 2:129–131, 1979.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  339. Gursel E, Roberts M, Veenema RJ: Regression of prostatic cancer following sequential cryosurgery to the prostate. J Urol 108:928–932, 1972.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1986 Martinus Nijhoff Publishing, Boston

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Scully, C. (1986). Principles of Immunology. In: Peterson, D.E., Elias, E.G., Sonis, S.T. (eds) Head and Neck Management of the Cancer Patient. Developments in Oncology, vol 36. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2289-4_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2289-4_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9411-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-2289-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics