Abstract
For long-wavelength radiation such as visible light, gratings (used at near-normal incidence) typically have groove spacings d of between one and ten times the wavelength, i. e., a few hundred to one or two thousand lines per millimeter. These spacings are chosen to give large amounts of dispersion, which increases with λ/d. For X-ray gratings the criteria are modified by the necessity of using grazing incidence, which causes an apparent foreshortening of the grating features (and errors) by a factor of around the sine of the incidence angle. Thus, instead of 50,000 lines mm-1 (from five times a wavelength of 4 nm) or perhaps more, it is still possible to use gratings with a few hundred to a few thousand lines per millimeter. Large dispersion is not possible for X rays since if it is too high some of the diffracted radiation may fall outside the critical angle θC (Section 2.1)
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© 1986 Plenum Press, New York
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Michette, A.G. (1986). The Design and Manufacture of X-Ray Diffraction Gratings. In: Optical Systems for Soft X Rays. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2223-8_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2223-8_7
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