Skip to main content

Neuropsychological Consequences of Head Injury in Children

  • Chapter
Advances in Clinical Neuropsychology

Part of the book series: Advances in Clinical Neuropsychology ((AICN,volume 3))

Abstract

Trauma, including head injuries, is the most frequent cause of death in children (Frankowski, 1985). As shown in Figure 1, the incidence of head injury rises sharply from early childhood to the mid 20s for males, whereas the incidence remains relatively stable in relation to age in females (Annegers, Grabow, Kurland and Laws, 1980).

Research described herein, which was completed in Galveston, was supported by NIH grants NS 2-1889, Neurobehavioral Outcome of Head Injury in Children and NS 07377, Center for the Study of Central Nervous System Injury. We wish to thank Beverly White for assistance in preparation of this manuscript and Katherine Odom for assistance in the literature search.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Annegers, J.F., Grabow, J.D., Kurland, L.T. and Laws, E.R. (1980). The incidence, causes, and secular trends of head trauma in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Neurology, 30, 912–919.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Becker, D.P., Miller, J.D., Ward, J.D., Greenberg, R.P., Young, H.F. and Sakalas, R. (1977). The outcome from severe head injury with early diagnosis and intensive management. Journal of Neurosurgery, 47, 491–502.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benton, A.L. and Fogel, M.L. (1962). Three dimensional praxis: A clinical test. Archives of Neurology, 7, 347–354.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blau, A. (1936). Mental changes following head trauma in children. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 35, 723–769.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brink, J.D., Garrett, A.L., Hale, W.R., Woo-Sam, J. and Nickel, V.L. (1970). Recovery of motor and intellectual function in children sustaining severe head injuries. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 12, 565–571.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brink, J.D., Imbus, C. and Woo-Sam, J. (1980). Physical recovery after severe closed head trauma in children and adolescents. Journal of Pediatrics, 97, 721–727.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, G., Chadwick, O., Shaffer, D., Rutter, M. and Traub, M. (1981). A prospective study of children with head injuries: III. Psychiatric sequelae. Psychological Medicine, 11, 63–78.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bruce, D.A., Schut, L., Bruno, L.A., Wood, H.H. and Sutton, L. N. (1978). Outcome following severe head injury in children. Journal of Neurosurgery, 48, 679–688.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buschke, H. and Fuld, P.A, (1974). Evaluating storage, retention, and retrieval in disordered memory and learning. Neurology, 24, 1019–1025.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chadwick, O., Rutter, M., Brown, G., Shaffer, D. and Traub, M. (1981). A prospective study of children with head injuries: II. Cognitive sequelae. Psychological Medicine, 11, 49–61.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chadwick, O., Rutter, M., Shaffer, D. and Shrout, P.E. (1981). A prospective study of children with head injuries: IV. Specific cognitive deficits. Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 3, 101–120.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Craft, A.W. (1972). Head injury in children. In Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Vol. 23, P.J. Vinken and G.W. Bruyn (Eds.), New York: Elsevier North-Holland, pp. 445–458.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eiben, C.F., Anderson, T.P., Lockman, L., Matthews, D.J., Dryja, R., Martin, J., Burrill, C., Gottesman, N., O’Brian, P. and Witte, L. (1984). Functional outcome of closed head injury in children and young adults. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 65, 168–170.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flach, J. and Malmros, R. (1972). A long-term follow-up study of children with severe head injury. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitative Medicine, 4, 9–15.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frankowski, R.F. (1985). Head injury mortality in urban populations and its relation to the injured child. In The Injured Child, B.F. Brooks (Ed.), Austin: University of Texas Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuld, P.A. and Fisher, P. (1977). Recovery of intellectual ability after closed head-injury. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 19, 495–502.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gaidolfi, E. and Vignolo, L.A. (1980). Closed head injuries of school-age children: Neuropsychological sequelae in early adulthood. International Journal of Neuroscience, 1, 65–73.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gulbrandsen, G.B. (1984). Neuropsychological sequelae of light head injuries in older children 6 months after trauma. Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 6, 257–268.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gurdjian, E.S. and Webster, J.E. (1958). Head Injuries: Mechanism, Diagnosis, and Management. Boston: Little, Brown.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hahn, Y.S., Raimondi, A.J., McLone, D.G. and Yamanouchi, Y. (1983). Traumatic mechanisms of head injury in child abuse. Child’s Brain, 10, 229–241.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hannay, H.J., Leviri, H.S. and Grossman, R.G. (1979). Impaired recognition memory after head injury. Cortex, 15, 269–283.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hecaen, H. (1976). Acquired aphasia in children and the ontogenesis of hemispheric functional specialization. Brain and Language, 3, 114–134.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heiskanen, O. and Kaste, M. (1974). Late prognosis of severe brain injury in children. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 16, 11–14.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hendrick, E.B., Harwood-Hash, D.C.F. and Hudson, A.R. (1964). Head injuries in children: A survey of 4465 consecutive cases at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. Clinical Neurosurgery, 11, 46–59.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hjern, B. and Nylander, I. (1964). Late prognosis of severe head injuries in childhood. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica (Suppl.), 152, 113–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jennett, B. (1972). Head injuries in children. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 14, 137–147.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jennett, B., Teasdale, G., Galbraith, S., Pickard, J., Grant, H., Braakman, R., Avezaat, C., Maas, A., Minderhoud, J., Vecht, C.J., Heiden, J., Small, R., Caton, W. and Kurtz, T. (1977). Severe head injuries in three countries. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 40, 291–298.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaiser, G. and Pfenninger, J. (1984). Effect of neurointensive care upon outcome following severe head injuries in childhood - a preliminary report. Neuropediatrics, 15, 68–75.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kleinpeter, U. (1976). Social integration after brain trauma during childhood. Acta Paedopsychiatrica, 42, 68–75.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klonoff, H. (1971). Head injuries in children: Predisposing factors, accident conditions, accident proneness, and sequelae. American Journal of Public Health, 61, 2405–2417.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klonoff, H. and Low, M. (1974). Disordered brain function in young children and early adolescents: Neuropsychological and electroencephalographic correlates. In Clinical-Neuropsychology: Current Status and Applications, R.M. Reitan and L.A. Davison (Eds.), New York: John Wiley and Sons, pp. 121–178.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klonoff, H., Low, M.D. and Clark, C. (1977). Head injuries in children: A prospective five year follow-up. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 40, 1211–1219.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kretschmer, H. (1983) Prognosis of severe head injuries in childhood and adolescence, Neuropediatrics, 14: 176–181.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lange-Cosack, H., Riebel, U., Grumme, Th., Schlesner, H.J. (1981). Possibilities and limitations of rehabilitation after traumatic apallic syndrome in children and adolescents. Neuropediatrics, 12, 337–365.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lennenberg, E. (1967). Biological Foundations of Language. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levin, H.S., Benton, A.L., and Grossman, R.G. (1982). Neurobehavioral Consequences of Closed Head Injury. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levin, H.S and Eisenberg, H.M. (1979a). Neuropsychological outcome of closed head injury in children and adolescents. Child’s Brain, 5, 281–292.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levin, H.S. and Eisenberg, H.M. (1979b). Neuropsychological impairment after closed head injury in children and adolescents. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 4, 389–402.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levin, H.S., Eisenberg, H.M., Wigg, N.R and Kobayashi, K. (1982). Memory and intellectual ability after head injury in children and adolescents. Neurosurgery, 11, 668–673.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levin, H.S. and Grossman, R.G. (1976). Effects of closed head injury on storage and retrieval in memory and learning of adolescents. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 1, 38–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levin, H.S., Madison, C.F., Bailey, C.B., Meyers, C.A., Eisenberg, H.M., and Guinto, F.C. (1983). Mutism after closed head injury. Archives of Neurology, 40, 601–606.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig, S. and Warman, M. (1984). Shaken baby syndrome: A review of 20 cases. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 13, 104–107.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mahoney, W.J., D’Souza, B J., Haller, A., Rogers, M.C., Epstein, M.H. and Freeman, J.M. (1983). Long-term outcome of children with severe head trauma and prolonged coma. Pediatrics, 71, 756–762.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Michele, M. (1983). Rehabilitation following craniocerebral trauma in children - a neuropsychological study. Rehabilitation, 22, 137–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oddy, M. (1984). Head injury during childhood: The psychological implications. In Closed Head Injury, N. Brooks (Ed.), New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raimondi, A.J. and Hirschauer, J, (1984). Head injury in the infant and toddler. Child’s Brain, 11, 12–35.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson, F. (1963). Some effects of severe head injury. A follow-up study of children and adolescents after protracted coma. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 5, 471–482.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rutter, M., Chadwick, O., Shaffer, D. and Brown, G. (1980). A prospective study of children with head injuries: I. Design and methods. Psychological Medicine, 10, 633–645.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rutter, M. (1982). Developmental neuropsychiatry: Concepts, issues, and prospects. Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 4, 91–115.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shaffer, D., Chadwick, O. and Rutter, M. (1975). Psychiatric outcome of localized head injury in children. In Outcome of Severe Damage to the Central Nervous System. Ciba Foundation Symposium 34 (new series), Amsterdam: Elsevier, Excerpta Medica, North-Holland, pp. 191–213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaffer, D., Bijur, P., Chadwick, O.F.D., Rutter, M.L. (1980). Head injury and later reading disability. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 19, 592–610.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snoek, J.W., Minderhoud, J.M., and Wilndnk, J.T. (1984). Delayed deterioration following mild head injury in children. Brain, 107, 15–36.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spreen, O. and Benton, A.L. (1969). Neurosensory Center Comprehensive Examination for Aphasia: Manual of Directions. Victoria, B.C.: Neuropsychology Laboratory, University of Victoria.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teasdale, G. and Jennett, B. (1974). Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness: A practical scale. Lancet, 2, 81–84.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teasdale, G., Skene, A., Parker, L. and Jennett, B. (1979). Age and outcome of severe head injury. Acta Neurochirurgica: Supplementum; 28, 140–143.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Todorow, S. (1975). Recovery of children after severe head injury: Psychoreactive superimpositions. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitative Medicine, 7, 93–96.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van Dongen, H.R. and Loonen, M.C.B. (1977). Factors related to prognosis of acquired aphasia in children. Cortex, 13, 131–136.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Winogron, H.W., Knights, R.M., and Bawden, H.N. (1984). Neuropsychological deficits following head injury in children. Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 6, 269–286.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Woods, B.T. and Carey, S. (1979). Language deficits after apparent clinical recovery from childhood aphasia. Annals of Neurology, 6, 405–409.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1986 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Goethe, K.E., Levin, H.S. (1986). Neuropsychological Consequences of Head Injury in Children. In: Goldstein, G., Tarter, R.E. (eds) Advances in Clinical Neuropsychology. Advances in Clinical Neuropsychology, vol 3. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2211-5_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2211-5_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9298-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-2211-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics