Abstract
Bottom backscattering strength was measured in deep water as a function of grazing angle in the Balearic Abyssal Plain of the Mediterranean. The measurements were made with a towed, narrowband low-frequency omnidirectional source and a towed, horizontal linear array. The method takes advantage of the multiple beamforming capability of the receiving array and processor to accurately discriminate returns at given grazing angles from interfering returns. Approximations for the evaluation of the back- scattering area are described and discussed. The results are presented and compared with previously reported measurements. At the higher grazing angles, specular reflection from normal incidence dominates the returns. However at medium and small grazing angles data have a large plateau region, with small variations. A Lambert’s rule relationship, with a coefficient of −33 dB, can approximate results for grazing angles as low as about 20°.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
K.V. Mackenzie, Long range shallows-water bottom reverberation, J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 34: 62–66 (1962).
R.J. Urick and D.S. Saling, Backscattering of explosive sound from the deep-sea bed, J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 34: 1721–1724 (1962).
A.W. Burstein and J.J. Keane, Backscattering of explosive sound from ocean bottoms, J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 36: 1596–1597 (1964).
P.B. Schmidt, Monostatic and bistatic backscattering measurements from the deep ocean bottom, J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 50: 327–331 (1971).
H.M. Merklinger, Bottom reverberation measured with explosive charges fired deep in the ocean, J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 44: 508–513 (1968).
R.J. Urick, Principles of Underwater Sound, 2nd ed. New York, NY, McGraw-Hill (1975).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1986 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Marandino, D., Goldsberry, T.G. (1986). Evaluation of Low-Frequency Bottom Backscattering Strength vs Grazing Angle by Means of Multiple Beamforming. In: Akal, T., Berkson, J.M. (eds) Ocean Seismo-Acoustics. NATO Conference Series, vol 16. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2201-6_35
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2201-6_35
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9293-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-2201-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive